Aim To explore the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC ) on β amyloid peptide 25 - 35 ( Aβ25-35 )-induced the increase of calpain activity and its possible mechanism. Methods The activity of cal-pain was induced by 20μmol·L-1 Aβ 25-35 in primary cortical neuron. Neurons were incubated in the absent or present Aβ25-35 , or pre-incubated NAC ( 10 mmol ·L-1 ) , then co-incubated with Aβ25-35 . The meas-urement of calpain activity, H2 O2 level and mitochon-drial membrane potential was performed on a micro-plate fluorometer. The ATP level was detected using a luciferin/luciferase based ATP assay kit. Results In Aβ25-35 treated group, the activity of calpain and H2 O2 was obviously higher than that in control group. How-ever, in neurons pre-incubated in NAC and then co-in-cubated in Aβ25-35 , the calpain activity and H2 O2 level were significantly decreased compared with that in Aβ25-35 group. Upon Aβ25-35 exposure for 12 h, corti-cal neurons showed a significant decrease in mitochon-drial membrane potential and ATP level when com-pared to the control group. Pre-treatment with NAC showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane poten-tial and ATP level as compared to neurons treated with Aβ25-35 alone for 12h. Conclusion This result sug-gests that NAC can attenuate calpain activity induced by Aβ25-35 through protecting mitochondria.

Objective To explore the establishment and implementation of nursing quality evaluation system in department of orthopedics. Methods Randomly 527 patients hospitalized in the department of orthopedics from December 2011 to December 2012 were selected and assigned into the control group, where a traditional evaluation system was used. Another 528 patients hospitalized from April 2013 to June 2014 as the observation group, where orthopedics specialist evaluation system was used. The two groups were compared in terms of hospital evaluation accuracy, observation accuracy, accuracy rate of specialist intervention complications, the qualified rate of nursing records and patient satisfaction. Result The hospital evaluation accuracy, observation accuracy, the accuracy rate of specialist intervention complications, the qualified rate of nursing records and patients satisfaction of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01) and there was no incidence in two groups. Conclusion The establishment of orthopaedic nurse quality evaluation system can make up the shortage of traditional evaluation system and improve the quality of the orthopaedic nursing management.

Aim To explore the possible protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on oligomeric Aβ1-42 induced apoptosis and its possible mechanism. Methods The damage was induced by oligomeric Aβ1-42 in primary cortical neurons. Cells were incubated in the absence or presence of Aβ, or co-incubated in sp600125 with Aβ, or pre-incubated in ginsenoside Rg1 then co-incu-bated in Aβ. The p-JNK, JNK, caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells were detected. Results In Aβ1-42 treated group, the ratio of p-JNK/JNK level was increased more than that in non-treated group for 15 min. However, in neurons preincubated with (2. 5, 5, 10 μmol·L-1 ) ginsenoside Rg1 and then co-incuba-ted with 5 μmol·L-1 oligomeric Aβ1-42 , the p-JNK/JNK ratio, caspase-3 activity and TUNEL positive neu-rons were significantly decreased compared with those of Aβ1-42 treated group. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate the oligomeric Aβ1-42-induced apop-tosis by JNK pathway.

Objective To investigate the possible effect of ginsenoside Rg1 and oligo Aβ1-42 on PKA/CREB pathway.Methods The damage was induced by oligomeric Aβ1-42 in primary cortical neuron.Neurons were incubated with or without glutamate,or incubated in Aβ,or pre-incubated in Rg1 and then co-incubated in Aβ.The proteins of p-CREB,t-CREB,PKA Ⅱ α and BDNF were detected by Western blot.Results After the treatment with Oligo Aβ1-42 for 2 h,the p-CREB/t-CREB level induced by glutamate was obviously lower (P＜ 0.001).However,in neurons pre incubatedwith 2.5,5.0,10.0 μmol/L of ginsenoside Rg1 and then co-incubated with 5μmol/L of oligo Aβ1-42,the p-CREB/t-CREB induced by glutamate was significantly increased as compared with that of Aβ1-42 group (P＜0.05).Upon Aβ1-42 exposure for 2 h,cortical neurons showed a statistically significant increase in PKA Ⅱ α as compared to the control group (P ＜ 0.001).Pre-treatmentwith varying doses of ginsenoside Rg1 (2.5,5,10μmol/L) showed a decrease in PKA Ⅱ α as compared to neurons treated with Aβ1-42 alone for 2 h (P＜0.001).Furthermore,BDNF level significantly increased in Rgl-pretreated cells as compared to cells treated with Aβ1-42 alone for 24h (P＜0.05).Conclusions Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates the oligo Aβ142 inhibition of PKA/CREB pathway.

Objective To understand the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in the patients undergoing I incision surgery from 2011 to 2013 in a tumor hospital,to explore the the effects of intervention management measure for antibacterial agents using in the perioperative period.Methods The cases of tumor surgical patients of 2011-2013 were selected and divided into the three intervention groups and non-intervention group.The data of medication after three-stage continuous integrated intervention were collected and compared.Results The percentage of antibiotics use was much lower,from 61.73%pre-intervention to 47.03%,26.78%and 24.85%after three stage intervention. The course of preventive medication treatment was significantly decreased from 81h to 53h,33h,21h,respeetively.The reasons of their rationally utilizing antibiotics were significantly improved after intervention management.Conclusion Rational antibiotics utilization can be improved by intervention management during perioperative period of typeⅠinci-sion operations,which can achieve the goal of health department.

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of respiratory system in severe scoliosis patients.Methods 26 severe scoliosis patients with respiratory function training before operation were retrospected.All of them tested pulmonary function before and after training,postoperative respiratory system nursing were also taken to maintain airway unobstructed,including respiratory rate and oxygen saturation monitoring,effective pain management and respiratory complications controlling.Results The average forced vital capacity(FVC)was 45.9%and 52.1%before and after breathing exercises,the mean forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was 43.8%and 48.8%before and after breathing exercises,with lung function improvement in 69.2%patients. There were two hemopneumothorax and three mild or moderate pleural effusion occurred within 10 days after surgery,but all recovered after effective treatment and nursing.Conclusions Perioperative systematic and effective training in respiratory function and airway management can improve lung function and surgical safety,reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,and promote early rehabilitation .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristic and regularity of antineoplastics-induced ADR,and to provide refer-ence for safety use of antineoplastics in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,309 cases of antineoplastics-induced ADR col-lected from a special hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were summarized and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 309 ADR cas-es,female (58.25％) was more than male (41.75％). The patients aged more than 40 years old occupied the highest proportion (78.64％). Main route of administration was intravenous dripping(94.82％). There were 225 cases of severe ADR(72.82％). To-tal 268 cases were improved after drug withdrawal or treatment(86.73％). A total of 24 kinds of antineoplastics were involved in 309 ADR cases;most of ADR were induced by docetaxel,followed by cisplatin,cyclophosphamide. Most common organs/system involved in ADR was hemopoietic system (64.24％),main clinical manifestation was myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to strengthen ADR monitoring,prevent,discover and treat antineoplastics-induced ADR timely,in order to reduce the harm to the patients and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug treatment.

Objective To systematically assess the efficacy of memantine on moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods With the evaluation method of the Cochrane system,searches were made in the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,Embase,Forest Laboratories,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP Data up to February 2013 for double blind,randomized,and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of memantine for moderate to severe AD.A meta-analysis of included clinical trials was conducted using the Revman 5.2 software to evaluate the efficacy of memantine on overall clinical status,cognitive function activities of daily living,and behavioral and psychological disturbances.Results A total of 8 RCTs were included (2 527 patients with moderate to severe AD).Results of the meta-analysis showed that,for patients with moderate to severe AD,memantine had better efficacy than placebo on overall clinical status,cognitive function,and activities of daily living (MD=-0.24,95％CI:0.340.15;SMD=-0.26,95％CI:-0.340.18;SMD=-0.13,95％CI:-0.21-0.05),but there was no significant difference in efficacy on behavioral and psychological function between memantine and placebo (P =0.08).Analysis of subgroups showed that memantine had better efficacy than placebo on cognitive function in moderate AD patients (SMD =-0.22,95％CI:-0.37 0.06) and on overall clinical status,cognitive function,and activities of daily living in severe AD patients (MD-0.29,95％CI:-0.40 0.18;SMD=-0.31,95％CI:0.46-0.15;SMD=-0.16,95％ CI:-0.25 0.06;MD=-3.13,95％ CI:-4.88-1.39;respectively).Conclusions Memantine has efficacy on overall clinical status,cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with moderate to severe AD,especially in patients with severe AD.

Objective To explore whether ginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate ?-amyloid peptide 25-35-induced Tau hyperphosporylation in rat embryo cortical neurons by regulating the activity of GSK-3? and PP2A. Methods Primary cultures of cortical neurons were prepared from the embryonic day 18?2 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental groups were designed as follows:1.Neurons culture (control group); 2. Neurons exposed to 20?mol/L A?_ 25-35 for 12 hours (A?-model group); 3.Neurons exposed to 20?mol/L A?_ 25-35 and 10 mmol/L lithium chloride (LiCl), a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3?(GSK-3?), for 12 hours (LiCl group); 4.Neurons exposed to 20?mol/L A?_ 25-35 for 12 hours in the presence of 24-hour pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1 pretreatment group) . Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect the levels of Tau phosphorylation,total Tau and GSK-3? in cortical neurons. Non-radioimmunoassay was introduced to detect the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Results In A?-model group, the levels of Tau protein phosphorylation in the sites of Ser 396 ,Ser 199/202 ,Thr 231 and total Tau were enhanced. Meanwhile, the expression of GSK-3? was also increased, but the activity of PP2A was unchanged. In LiCl group and Rg1 pretreatment group , the hyperposphorylations of Tau protein and total Tau and the expression of GSK-3? were markedly reduced compared to those of the A?-model group (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of dysphagia and malnutrition of patients with acute stroke and to establish intervention countermeasures.MethodsThe Swallow Water Test was performed by professional rehabilitation nurses in 100 cases of acute stroke patients without food and water within 24 hours after admission and two weeks later to confirm the existence of dysphagia.Rehabilitation exercises of swallow function were performed pertinently.At the same time,we evaluate the state of nutrition of these patients and followed up for two weeks,and to determine the state of malnutrition.ResultsThere was 23.0%(23/100) acute stroke patients didn't pass the initial Swallow Water Test,19 patients (82.5%) with dysphagia could swallow normally before discharge,13% patients needed indwelling nasal-gastric tube.The rate of malnutrition in dysphagia group (34.8%) was higher than patients without dysphagia (11.7%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).In addition,the activity ability of daily living was poorer,the disability degree was higher and the average day of hospitalization was longer in dysphagia group in the fourth week.ConclusionsTo estimate the dysphagia timely in acute stroke patients can make the medical staff think highly of this status to formulate the scientific project of nutrition and provide the scientific rehabilitation exercises to the patients.It can decrease the incidence rate of malnutrition,complications and the disability degree of the acute stroke patients and to promote early rehabilitation.