Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the common medical emergencies of the pediatric age group.It may lead to serious and even irreversible neurological abnormalities,even death,if not diagnosis and treatment properly.To recognise etiology,rise factors,seizure type,treatment,outcome and the correlation between each other of children with status epilepticus are significant for management.This paper aimed to review recent epidemiological studies on children with status epilepticus,in order to provide evidences for the current clinical practice and further research.

3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) has been shown to be a critical regulator of the PI3K-Akt pathway.PDK1 can activate Akt and participates in the activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to promote tumor development,invasion and metastasis.At present,it has been found that PDK1 is highly expressed in head and neck cancer,multiple myeloma,pancreatic cancer,esophageal cancer,colon cancer and other malignant tumors.Thereby inhibiting PDK1 overexpression may provide a new breakthrough for the treatment of malignant tumor.At present,many kinds of PDK1 inhibitors have been put into production,which plays an important role in tumor therapy.

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of thyroid hormone on the expression of deiodinase and myelin basic protein in brain tissue of neonatal rats with germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH), and its nerve protective effect.Methods Sixty premature rabbits of gestational age 29 days were randomly divided into control, model and intervention groups. The prema-ture rabbits in model and intervention groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 50% glycerol to establish GM-IVH animal model and the premature rabbits in control group were given the same dose of saline. The GM-IVH was screened by cranial ultrasound. The premature rabbits with GM-IVH in intervention group were given intraperitoneal injection of triiodothyronine and the other two groups were given the same dose of saline. At 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after birth, the premature rabbits were killed and the brain tissue were quickly separated. The expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) of periventricular zone tissue were detected by western blot method. The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) were detected by immunohistochem-ical method.ResultsThe expression of D2 in brain tissue increased gradually in three groups. At the same time point, the expression of D2 was the lowest in the model group, the highest in the control group, and the middle in the intervention group. The differences of D2 among three groups were statistically signiifcant (allP<0.001). The expression of D3 increased gradually in the control and model groups, while it was the highest in the intervention group at day 7. At the same time point, the expression of D3 in the control group was the lowest, it was higher in intervention group than that in the model group at 3 days, then it was higher in the model group than that in the intervention group. The differences of D3 among three groups were statistically signiifcant (allP<0.001). The expression of MBP increased gradually in the control and intervention groups, and it decreased gradually in the model group. At the same time point, the MBP was the lowest in the model group, it was the highest in the control group, and it was the middle in the intervention group. The differences of MBP among three groups were statistically signiifcant (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe expressions of D2 and MBP in the brain tissues of premature rabbit with the GM-IVH increased while the expression of D3 decreased in some extent after thyroxine intervention.

Objective To study the correlation of personality characteristics and plasma cortisol levels in the patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Methods According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ), 38 patients with generalized anxiety disorder and 39 normal controls were assessed with Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) , generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) , penn state worry questionnaire (PSWQ) , symptom checklist-90(SCL-90) and eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ).Electrochemiluminescence was used to test plasma cortisol concentration.Results The EPQ-N score in the patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls(t=14.307, P＜0.01).Furthermore,N score in the patients showed a significantly positive correlation with HAMA total score, SCL-90 total score, somatization score, interpersonal sensitivity score, depression score and anxiety score (r=0.492-0.977, P＜0.01).Plasma cortisol levels in patients with generalized anxiety disorder((668.50±60.22) nmol/L) were significantly higher than those ((345.35±58.91) nmol/L) in normal controls (t=23.802, P＜0.01).Plasma cortisol concentrations displayed a significantly positive correlation with N score, GAD-7, PSWQ, HAMA total score, SCL-90 total score, somatization score, interpersonal sensitivity score, depression score, and anxiety score (r =0.501-0.995, P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Plasma cortisol levels in the patients with generalized anxiety disorder are higher than those in normal controls.Plasma cortisol levels are related to the mental health.Patients with generalized anxiety disorder tend to be neuroticism.

English translation of three-character pathogenesis TCM terms was investigated in this paper from the perspective of accuracy and systematization,two main principles of terminology translation. The terms were classified into five categories according to the three-character syntactic structure, i.e. attributive-modifier structure, adverbial-modifier structure, subject-predicate structure, subject-predicate-object structure and verb-object structure. Further study was conducted to investigate the English translation of attributive-modifier structure terms by comparing four prominent national and international standards of TCM terminologies.

Objective Random allocation concealment is important in ensuring high-guality randomized controlled clinical trial.In this paper , we aimed to design a more convenient and effective two couplet random allocation method through improving the random allocation concealment technology which uses the envelope method . Methods According to the randomized sequence , a two-couplet random allocation should be prepared for every subject and bound into a book in order , which named random assignment book with cover and instructions .The first couplet is to collect the enroll information and the second couplet is to show the allocation informa -tion.The serial numbers of the two couplets which around sealant are the same , and leave blank at the same areas of the two couplets for signing the enter information .The content of the first couplet can be completely copied to the second couplet .In order to avoid expo-sing the allocation information in advance , the back of the second couplet should be black-printed. When the subjects are sure qualified, the researchers selected the corresponding two couplet in a sequential order .Exposing the allocation infromation in the second couplet, and the subjects will be allocated to the group designated on the second couplet .This random allocation book should be entrusted to professional printing mechanism ,printing according to the random assignment sequence table and in the strict quality control .For the multicenter clinical trials , it can be printed in parts . Results The method has been implemented in nearly ten randomized controlled trials and obtained the consistent high praise . Conclusion The random allocation book method is easy to produce , simple operation and convenient in monitoring , which can effectively achieve the random allocation concealment in a clinical trial as well as having a sig -nificantly practical value in ensuring the quality of randomization .

[Objective] To investigate the changes of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells (Tr) in peripheral blood and their relation with their body mass index (BMI) of children with acute attack asthma. [Methods] Peripheral blood was obtained from 70 children with acute attack asthma, 30 remission children, and 50 normal control children. Then 70 children with acute attack asthma, were divided by normal weight group (40 cases) and overweight group (30 cases). The levels of CD4~+CD25~+Tr of the patients were tested by flow cytometry (FCM), and their BMI were calculated. [ Results] The levels of CD4~+ CD25~+ Tr [(6.17± 1.72)%] in acute attack group were lower than that in remission group [(7.56±1.48)%] or that in the control group [(7.13± 1.48)%] (P<0.05), but no difference between that in the remission and that in the control (P>0.05). The CD4~+CD25~+Tr of asthmatic children with normal weight [(6.34±1.71)%] was higher than that of asthmatic children with overweight [(4.74±1.20)%] (P<0.05). There was a remarkably negative correlation between the level of CD4~+ CD25~+ Tr of asthmatic children [(6.17±1.72)%] and the BMI (16.00±2.14) (r_p=-0.814, P<0.05). [Conclusion] The levels of CD4~+ CD25~+Tr are remarkable decrease in attack asthmatic children, and more decrease in overweight patients. There is remarkably negative correlation between the levels of CD4~+CD25~+ Tr in peripheral blood of attack asthmatic children and their BMI.

in order to maintain a normal temperature range.

Objective To evaluate feasibility and reliability of using Simplified Acute Physiology Score Ⅱ (SAPS Ⅱ)in predicting mortality in critically ill patients with neurological diseases.Methods All 653 patients hospitalized in neurological intensive care unit (N-ICU) from Jan 2005 to Dec 2007 were retrospectively studied.SAPSⅡ scores were scaled upon admission at 24,48 and 72 h,and possibility of hospital mortality (PHM) was calculated based on SAPS Ⅱ score.Neurological diseases diagnosis made initially at time of hospitalization was classified into five categories:intracranial hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,neurologic infection,neuromuscular diseases and other neurologic diseases.At each of four time points,the SAPSⅡscores were compared between the survival group and death group,and the relationship of SAPS Ⅱ score and prognosis were analyzed.The calibration of the SAPS Ⅱ were accessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit chi-squared statistic and the discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between disease category and prognosis.Results SAPS Ⅱ scores in the death group (46.53±12.22,47.28±13.84,48.58±14.18 and 49.06±14.61)at each time point were significantly higher than those in the survival group (34.70±11.78,30.28±12.24,29.79±12.36 and 29.69±12.96;t=11.12,14.02,14.43 and 13.49 at 0,24,48 and 72 h,respectively,P＜0.01).Furthermore,univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that SAPS Ⅱ score was correlated with prognosis (OR=1.080,1.100,1.109,1.100 at 0,24,48 and 72 h,respectively,P＜0.01).The scores at 48 and 72 h were more accurate in predicting mortality.SAPS Ⅱ had good calibration at each time points (x2=5.305,7.557,6.369 and 8.540,P＞0.05),however,the consistency of expected mortality with observed mortality was satisfactory only at 48 and 72 h(82.6%,83.4%),so was the discrimination ( AUROC=0.825,0.847 respectively).There was no correlation between disease categories and outcome.Conclusion SAPS Ⅱ scoring,best evaluated at 48 and 72 h after hospitalization,can be used as a reliable predictor of probability of mortality in patients hospitalized in N-ICU and prediction can be applied in these patients with all different neurology diseases.

Objective To investigate the possibility and accuracy of predicting malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAI) with bedside electroencephalography (EEG). Methods Thirty-five patients with massive hemispheric infarction (MHI) underwent bedside EEG monitoring within 48 h of onset. The EEG indicators were interpreted blindly, and the clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters were analyzed. The patients were divided into mMCAI group and non-mMCAI group according to whether they had occurred mMCAI or not within 7 days of onset. The differences of EEG indicators, clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters between the 2 groups were compared. When the parameters of significant difference and statistical significance appeared the odds ratio (OR) of occurring mMCAI were analyzed, and their accuracy of predicting mMCAI was calculated. Results Of the 35 patients with MHI, 20 were in the mMCAI group and 15 were in the non-mMCAI group. There were significant differences in the EEG indicators (infarction on the contralateral side, including disintegration of occipital α rhythm, generalized slow-wave, dominant frequency wave low amplitude, regional attenuation without delta [RAWOD]pattern, and absence of EEG reactivity), clinical parameters (nausea accompanied with vomiting), and imaging parameters (the infracted area more than the entire MCA territory, and midline shifting 3 to 5 mm at the level of septum pellucidum) between the 2 groups (P < 0. 05). Of those, the risk of mMCAI was the highest in patients with disintegration of occipital a rhythm on the contralateral side of infarction (P = 22. 67, 95% CI 3. 89-132. 10). The sensitivity of predicting mMCAI was 85. 0%, the specificity was 80.0%, the positive predictive value was 85.0%, and the negative predictive value was 80. 0%, which were superior to other EEG indicators and clinical or imaging parameters. Conclusions Bedside EEG indicators can early predict mMCAI, moreover, the predictive accuracy is superior to the clinical and imaging parameters.