English translation of three-character pathogenesis TCM terms was investigated in this paper from the perspective of accuracy and systematization,two main principles of terminology translation. The terms were classified into five categories according to the three-character syntactic structure, i.e. attributive-modifier structure, adverbial-modifier structure, subject-predicate structure, subject-predicate-object structure and verb-object structure. Further study was conducted to investigate the English translation of attributive-modifier structure terms by comparing four prominent national and international standards of TCM terminologies.

Moon tidal flow Naja-Law is a calculating method for choosing acupoint according to time, is a model of chronotherapeutics of TCM. But because the Najia method of calculation is complex, the clinical application is limited. The author based on years of teaching experience, summed up the calculation procedure of three steps: the first step, calculating the heavenly stems, determining the relationship between duty in accordance with the heavenly stems and the meridians; the second step, according to the rules of acupoints, deducing five transporting points; the third step, calculating the acupoint hour.

This article was aimed to study the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage to reduce early bolting of Angelica sinensis. By analyzing the root soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA content changes before and after -10oC processing of the Angelica sinensis seedlings of different size from different sources , the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage reducing early bolting of A . sinensis had been studied. The results indicated that the greater seedlings , the higher content of soluble sugar , lower protein content and higher MDA . There were no obvious differences on the soluble sugar , soluble protein and MDA content of the same size seedlings from different sources . After -10oC freezing , the content of soluble sugar and protein in the seedlings with the same size were decreased. Meanwhile, the content of MDA was increased. It was concluded that the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA were obviously related to the size of Angelica sinensis seedlings from the same source before and after low temperature process .

Objective To investigate the genetic relationships of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula from the different cultivars (varieties). Methods Twenty-five samples of A. membranaceus and seventeen samples of C. Pilosula were amplified by ISSR-PCR. Genetic diversity and genetic distance were analyzed by Popgen32. UPGMA dendrogram relationship was clustered by NTSYS. Results Totally 62 and 100 loci were detected respectively from A. membranaceus and C. pilosula. All percentages of polymorphic loci (PPL) were 100%. Shannon’s information indexes (I) were 0.537 6 and 0.472 7. Nei’s genetic diversity indexes (H) were 0.361 3 and 0.307 4. A. membranaceus was divided into two groups in genetic distance 0.59, and C. pilosula was alike in 0.50. Conclusion Different cultivars (varieties) of A. membranaceus and C. pilosula had rich genetic diversities among species, and had large genetic differences.

PURPOSE: Although it is widely accepted that hormone receptor (HR) status is associated with later post-diagnostic periods, a debate exists as to whether the association is independent of age. The aim of our study was to confirm the impact of HR status on later period breast cancer-specific death (LP-BCSD) and later period non-breast cancer-specific death (LP-non-BCSD) in different age subgroups. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases were utilized to identify 181,108 breast cancer patients with > 5 years survival. The cumulative incidence of LP-BCSD and LP-non-BCSD was calculated using the Gray method. The subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of variables was estimated via the Fine and Gray proportional hazard regression model. Subgroup analyses for LP-BCSD and LP-non-BCSD were performed according to the HR status. RESULTS: The risk of LP-BCSD was exceeded by that of LP-non-BCSD at > 5 years since the diagnosis, particularly in old women. The competing risk regression model indicated that hormone receptor-positive (HR+) was an independent factor for more LP-BCSD (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–1.54; p < 0.001). However, stratified analysis indicated that HR+ was only associated with more LP-BCSD in the young women subgroup. Although HR+ was associated with more LP-non-BCSD, the predictive value of HR+ for LP-non-BCSD was eliminated after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS: HR+ was related to LP-BCSD in the premenopausal population. LP-BCSD should be an optimal endpoint in future trials designed to evaluate the role of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen

Objective: To investigate the association of ambient fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) exposure with anxiety in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling method, 5 997 middle-aged and elderly people (aged 40-89) who resided in the region for more than 2 years and had no hearing or language impairment were selected from 32 districts/counties in the key areas for air pollution prevention and control in China from October 10^th, 2017 to February 7^th, 2018. Information about demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors and health status were collected by questionnaire survey and physical examination. The anxiety symptoms were assessed by 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scales. Three-year moving average concentrations of PM_2.5 were calculated to estimate exposure level. The multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to assess the association between PM_2.5 exposure and anxiety. The interaction of age, gender, overweight, education, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases was also analyzed by likelihood ratio test. Results: There were 2 995 (49.94%) males subjects, 4 092 (68.23%) subjects with education of secondary school or above and 2 576 (42.95%) subjects with self-reported chronic diseases among the 5 997 middle-aged and elder participants. The prevalence of anxiety was 6.64% (n=398). The mean±SD of 3-year moving average concentrations of PM_2.5, O₃ and SO₂ were (53.50±13.38), (90.58±13.26) and (40.29±12.56) μg/m³, respectively. PM_2.5 had significantly association with anxiety, and the corresponding OR value was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.05,1.31) with a 10 μg/m³ increment of 3-year moving average concentrations of PM_2.5. Compared with female (OR (95%CI)=1.07 (0.93,1.23)), those with no chronic diseases (OR (95%CI)=1.06 (0.93,1.20)) and those with primary school degree or below (OR (95% CI)=0.90 (0.75,1.09)), the association between PM_2.5 and anxiety was stronger among male (OR (95%CI)=1.35 (1.12,1.63)) and those with chronic diseases (OR (95%CI)=1.77 (1.31,2.38)), middle school education (OR (95%CI)=1.43 (1.22,1.67)), college education and above (OR (95%CI)=1.68 (1.05, 2.67)), all the P interaction values were <0.05. Conclusion PM_2.5 exposure has significantly positive association with anxiety. The associations are stronger in male, people with higher educational qualifications and patients with chronic diseases.

Objective To study the prevalence trends and etiology of hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) in hospitalized children.Methods The clinical data of 11 510 cases of children hospitalized with HFMD from 2008 to 2017 in Department of Infection Diseases of Kunming Children's Hospital were collected,and to retrospectively analyze the characteristics,time distribution and pathogen distribution of the cases.Results Of the 11 510 children with HFMD,6 100 were male and 5 410 were female.There were 9 814 cases under 3 years old,1 696 over 3 years old.HFMD occurred throughout the year.The peak months of the disease were April to July,with the time distribution of single peak.There were 4 690 severe cases and 3 452 critical cases,accounting for 70.34％.The main pathogens detected were enteroviruses A71 (EV-A71),coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enteroviruses (EV),with 3 803 cases (36.02％),1 122 cases (10.63％) and 3 401 cases (32.21％) respectively.EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections dominated from 2008 to 2013,while EV-A71 and other EV infection dominated from 2014 to 2017.Conclusions EV-A71,CV-A16 and other EV are the main pathogens of HFMD in Kunming.Critical HFMD cases are mainly caused by EV-A71 infection.

According to different epochs and development needs, a series of practices on environmental health and sanitary engineering were carried out, which played significant roles in promoting national economic and social developments and protecting the public health. This paper reviewed the main achievements in the past 70 years infields of patriotic health campaign, water sanitation and toilet improvement in rural areas, surveillance and investigation, health standard system, sanitary engineering equipment, stove improvement etc., and then proposed several prospects in the future.

In recent years,various methods for detecting exogenous and endogenous hypochlorite have been studied,considering its essential role as a biomolecule.However,the existing technologies still pose obstacles such as their invasiveness,high costs,and complicated operation.In the current study,we developed a glow-type chemiluminescent probe,hypochlorite chemiluminescence probe(HCCL)-1,based on the scaffold of Schaap's 1,2-dioxetane luminophores.To better explore the physiological and pathological functions of hypochlorite,we modified the luminophore scaffold of HCCL-1 to develop several probes,including HCCL-2,HCCL-3,and HCCL-4,which amplify the response signal of hypo-chlorite.By comparing the luminescent intensities of the four probes using the IVIS? system,we determined that HCCL-2 with a limit of detection of 0.166 μM has enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for tracking hypochlorite both in vitro and in vivo.