Objective To explore the regularities and rules of compound herbal formulae for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Compound herbal formulae on NAFLD published in journals of CNKI (1979.1-2014.1), VIP (1989.1-2014.1) and CBMdisc (1979.1-2014.1) were analyzed with association rule, frequency analysis and cluster analysis.Results In 107 prescriptions, 179 herbs were involved, and frequency of usage of those herbs was 1499. A cluster analysis was used to analyze 37 herbs with high frequency (≥10) of usage, which were classified into 9 clusters including promoting circulation, clearing heat herb, diuretic herb, food stagnation herb, regulating qi herb, phlegm-resolving herb, qi tonics herb, yin-nourishing herb, qi-activating herb and purgating herb. 30 pairs of herbs and 33 rules for NAFLD were obtained by association rule analysis.Conclusion It was a point of view to understand the regularities and rules of Chinese herb prescription on NAFLD by data mining.

BACKGROUND: Whether antihypertesive remedy is given or not is not only according to the blood pressure grade, but also to its risk stratification. Recently the relation of syndrome types to hypertension grades and risk stratification in primary hypertension has been investigated at home. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relation of syndrome types to hypertension grades and risk stratification in primary hypertension by the method of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine combining with achievements in modern medicine. DESIGN: Descriptive investigation. SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai City and Shanghai Dahua Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four patients, in different genders and ages, with primary hypertension from Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai City METHODS: The primary hypertension was classified into four types of syndrome: up disturbing of wind-yang, up clouding of turbid phlegm, deficiency of qi and blood and yin deficiency of liver and kidney. The relation of syndrome type to hypertension grade and risk stratification in primary hypertension was investigated combining syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and disease differentiation in Western Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relation of syndrome types to the age, course, blood pressure grade and risk stratification in primary hypertension RESULTS: All 64 patients entered the result analysis. ① Relationship of syndrome type with the age, course and blood pressure grade: The age of patients in up-disturbing of wind-yang group was younger than those in both up-clouding of turbid phlegm and yin deficiency of liver and kidney groups [(59.0±10.9), (72.7±9.1), (71.6±10.1)years, P ＜ 0.01]; the disease course of patients in yin deficiency of liver and kidney group was longer than those in up-disturbing of wind-yang group and up-clouding of turbid phlegm group [( 160.50±143.51 ), (64.83±70.77), (80.56±108.69)months,P ＜ 0.05];the difference of systolic pressure among different syndrome types was not significant, but the diastolic pressure in up-disturbing of wind-yang group was higher than those in other groups [(99±8), (92±9),(89±11 ), (89±12)mmHg, P ＜ 0.05]. ② The relationship of syndrome type with blood pressure grade and risk stratification: The difference of blood pressure grades among patients with different syndrome types was not significant, but the risk stratification in up-disturbing of wind-yang group was lower than those in up-clouding of turbid phlegm and yin deficiency of liver and kidney groups (There were respectively 3, 7, 5 and 3 cases; 15, 1, 1and 1 cases; 16, 1, 2 and 1 cases at very high risk, high risk, medium risk and low risk, P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different syndrome types in TCM may present differences in hypertension grade and risk stratification, which can provide basis for determining therapeutic principle.

Objective To observe the effects of touching combined with inhalation of atomized traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection.Methods 79 cases were selected according to the inclusion criteria from 105 repeated respiratory traction infection children who were treated in this hospital from September 2008 to August 2009.These cases were randomly recruited into a treatment group(40 cases)and a control group(39 cases).The control group was given conventional therapy at the period of onset,and intensive care at convalescence stage,avoiding cross infection.On this basis.the treatment group was treated with toughing plus inhalation of atomized traditional Chinese medicine at the period of onset.The frequency of respiratory tract infection,duration,appetite,and the condition of sleep were observed after one year's treatment.Results The total effective rate was 92.5%and 67%in the treatment group and the control group respectively,showing significant difference(χ~2=20.16,P＜0.05).Conclusion Touching combined wim inhalation of atomized traditional Chinese medicine is effective in treating recurrent respiratory tract infections in children.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of transient elastography (TE) for the staging of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods Systematic and comprehensive literatures related to diagnosis value of TE for chronic hepatitis C were searched in FMJS biomedical database (from Jan.1st,2003 to Aug.31st,2013).Full texts were obtained from PubMed,EBSCO,Elsevier Science,Ovid,Wiley database.The quality of the studies was rated with quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS).The accuracy of TE in diagnosing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by Stata software bivariate mixed effects model.Results Twenty seven eligible studies which included 5 937 subjects were enrolled.The meta-analysis of fitting the bivariate mixed effects model showed that the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio,and the area under curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) for liver fibrosis were 0.75(95％CI:0.70-0.80),0.84(95％CI:0.78-0.88),4.70(95％CI:3.60-6.20),0.29(95％CI:0.24-0.36),16.00(95％CI:12.00-22.00) and 0.86(95％CI:0.83-0.89),respectively.And those for cirrhosis were 0.86(95％CI:0.82-0.89),0.89(95％CI:0.86-0.92),8.10(95％CI:6.30-10.40),0.16(95％CI:0.12-0.20),51.00(95％CI:35.00-76.00) and 0.94(95％CI:0.91-0.96),respectively.Conclusions TE shows better diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis than for significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.More high quality trials are required to further confirm this finding.

Objective:To study the anti-inflammatory effect of immune milk. Method:Twenty four strains of pathogenic bacteria (including 12 strains of pathogenic E.coli, 8 strains of Salmonella, 3 strains of Shigella and 1 strain of Yersinia enterocolitica) originated from human intestinal tract were selected as antigens, and dairy cows were immunized. Results:Vaccination could not increase the concentration of IgG in the immune milk, but significantly highten the specificity of milk antibodies. The antibody titers against 24 pathogenic bacteria in immune milk was 128, 64 folds of control regular milk. Conclusion:Feeding of immune milk could inhibit edema of rat footpad induced by carrageenin and formaldehyde and the formation of acestoma of mice caused by cotton embedded hypophloedally. Meanwhile, the PGE2 level in inflammatory footpad of rat fed with immune milk was remarkably lower than that of rat fed with regular milk. These results indicate that immune milk has anti-inflammatory property.

Objective To study the regularity of compound herbal formulae for perimenopausal syndrome. Methods Compound herbal formulae published on journals for the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome was searched and collected. A database was established for data mining using frequency count, cluster analysis and association rule analysis. Regularity of key herbs and pair (group) of herbs was summarized. Results There were 49 prescriptions (totaling 100 herbs and 553 counts of frequency) in the compound herbal formulae for perimenopausal syndrome. The herbs which were used for more than 3 times included 57 herbs (totally 504 counts of frequency), and they were cluster analysed and classified into 8 clusters including drugs for invigoration, clearing heat, warming and nourishing, restoring vital energy, tranquilizing, calming the liver, soothing the liver, and promoting mentality. The rules in pair of herbs were 39, and rules in group of herbs were 17, by using association rule analysis. Conclusion It was feasible that study the regularity of Chinese compound prescription for the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome by using data mining.

Objective To study the medication regularity of compound herbal formulae in treating patients with advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Compound herbal formulae published on journals for the treatment of NSCLC were searched and collected from CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Data for database establishment. Frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and association rule analysis were used for data mining, and regularity of main Chinese medicinal herbs and herbal pairs (combinations) were investigated. Results There were 107 compound herbal formulae (involving 193 Chinese medicinal herbs and 1298 frequency) for NSCLC. 42 Chinese medicinal herbs were used for more than 9 times. Cluster analysis on the tastes and properties of the 42 Chinese medicinal herbs found that, among the four qi, cold showed the highest frequency (409);among the five tastes, sweet showed the highest frequency (627);among the meridians, lung meridian showed the highest frequency (546). Cluster analysis divided main Chinese medicinal herbs into 9 types, including yin-nourishing herbs, heat-clearing herbs, qi-tonifying herbs, blood-enriching herbs, blood circulation activating herbs, hemostasis herbs, phlegm-reducing herbs, qi-descending herbs, lung-astringing herbs. Associate rule analysis obtained 26 rules for Chinese medicinal herbal pairs, 18 rules for Chinese medicinal herbal combination, most of which were combinations for tonifying qi, nourishing yin, and clearing heat. Conclusion Chinese compound herbal formulae for the treatment of NSCLC mainly use Chinese medicinal herbs with properties of cold and mildness, with the tastes of sweet and bitter, with meridians of lung, spleen, and stomach, with the treatment of tonifying qi, nourishing yin, and detoxication.

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of TCM basic syndromes in sub-healthy status. Methods Based on a clinical epidemiologic method, an epidemiological investigation in people working in the fields of education and health care in Jing’ an District of Shanghai from Oct. to Dec., 2009 was conducted in order to conclude the main symptoms and basic syndrome characteristics of sub-health. Results Totally 1152 cases out of 1502 were in sub-healthy status. The most common symptoms of sub-healthy status were fatigue, fatigue that is not improved by bed rest, dizziness, dryness of eye, waist acerbity of eye, dry pharynx, memory difficulty, decreased food appetite, hypoposia, sweating, pain, negative feeling, tantrum, difficulty in falling asleep, early awakening, low-quality sleep, aneuria, drop in energy, frequent colds, and cold-blooded feeling;the most common physical signs were low spirits and neurolysis, sallow complexion, low voice, big body of tongue, pale tongue, greasy fur, and pulse breakdown;the most common syndrome types were qi-stagnation in liver with deficiency of spleen (20.31%), deficiency of both heart and spleen (16.49%), spleen asthenic fluid-retention (14.76%), qi-depression in liver (11.98%), hepatic and renal yin-deficiency (11.63%), phlegm-heat attacking internally (8.07%), qi-deficiency in liver and spleen (7.99%), pathogenic fire derived from qi-stagnation in liver (3.13%). Conclusion Based on this cross-sectional study, clinical manifestation and symptom types of sub-healthy status could be identified preliminarily, and the basis of treating sub-health with traditional Chinese medicine could be provided.

Objective:To explore the relationship between abnormal ECG J wave and in‐hospital prognosis in patients with acute ST -segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI) .Methods :ECG and related clinical data of 204 ASTEMI patients ,who received emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from Jan 2007 to Dec 2012 ,were retrospectively analyzed .According to the presence of abnormal J wave or not ,patients were di‐vided into abnormal J wave group (n= 82 ,occupied 40.2% ,82/204) and no abnormal J wave group (n= 122 , 59.8% ,122/204) .Single‐and multiple‐factor Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze risk factors of in -hospital death .Results:During hospitalization ,incidence rate of sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in pa‐tients with abnormal ECG J waves was significantly higher than those without abnormal J waves (9.8% vs .1.6% , P=0.008) , but among the 12 cases (5.9% ) of cardiac deaths ,only six cases had abnormal J waves .Logistic regres‐sion analysis indicated that abnormal ECG J wave cannot predict in‐hospital death of ASTEMI patients (OR=0.99 , 95% CI :0.34~ 2.90 , P= 0.987) ,while age can be regarded as an independent predictor factor for in‐hospital prognosis of these patients (OR = 1.08 ,95% CI :1.01 ~ 1.15 , P= 0.02) .Conclusion:For ASTEMI patients , though the incidence rate of sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in abnormal J wave group is significantly higher than those of without abnormal J waves group during hospitalization ,but abnormal ECG J waves cannot pre‐dict short-term prognosis of these patients .

Objective:To explore the predictive value of abnormal ECG J waves for arrhythmias occurred during short term in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI ) .Methods :ECG and echocardio‐graphic monitoring recordings of 204 ASTEMI patients who received emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from Jan 2007 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed .Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the influencing factors of arrhythmias within one week after myocar‐dial infarction .Results:Abnormal J waves detected by ECG were found in 82 cases (40.2% ) among the 204 pa‐tients ,most of which were distributed on inferior leads of ECG .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that abnormal J waves (OR=14.05 , P=0.01 ,95% CI 1.70~116.40) ,J waves distributed across ≥ two locations (OR=13.38 ,P=0.01 ,95% CI 1.53~38.68) and J wave amplitude≥0.2 mV (OR=4.28 ,P=0.02 ,95% CI 1.82~16.72) were independent predictors for sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) ,but they cannot be used as predictors for occurrence of all ventricular arrhythmias ,including non‐sustained VT ,sustained VT and VF (P>0.05 all) ,nor the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias , P>0.05 all .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes mellitus was an independent predictor for occurrence of ≥30s atrial tachycardia/fibrillation in ASTEMI patients (OR=2.29 ,P=0.047 ,95% CI 1.01~5.18) .Conclusion:Abnormal ECG J wave is an inde‐pendent predictor for occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation during short term after ASTEMI .