0.05).CONCLUSION:The small-packaged cut crude drugs wrapped with bag-steeping paper can replace the traditional ones.

BACKGROUND:The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is one of preferred growth factors for regulating proliferation and directional differentiation, has multiple biological effects, and laids the foundation for geneticaly engineered immortalized stem cel lines. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect ofhTERT gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats. METHODS:The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were cultured in vitro. Rat models of acute kidney injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion were established. Rat models were randomly divided into three groups. Rats in the control group were injected with 1 mL L-DMEM medium through caudal vein. Rats in the negative transfection group were injected with 1 mL umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel suspension after empty virus transfection through caudal vein. Rats in the hTERT transfection group were injected with 1 mL umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel suspension after PLXSN-hTERT transfection through caudal vein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 3 and 28 days after transplantation, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed renal tubular damage score in the hTERT transfection group < negative transfection group < control group (P < 0.05). At 28 days after transplantation, the number of CM-Dil-positive cels in the hTERT transfection group > negative transfection group > control group (P < 0.05). At 1, 3, 14, and 28 days, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in the hTERT transfection group < negative transfection group < control group (P < 0.05). The results confirm that hTERT gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation has a significant repair effect on acute kidney injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spondylolysis is typically caused by a stress fracture of the bone, especially for who over-train in activities. Besides, there is hereditary that can make one more susceptible to the defect. The treatment methods include conservative management and surgery, both with their own indications, advantages,disadvantages and prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the range of application, advantages and disadvantages of each treatment method of spondylolysis.METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and VIP databases were retrieved using the keywords of spondylolysis, isthmic spondylolisthesis, treatment/therapy in English and Chinese, respectively. The articles were grouped based on the treatment method after skimming the abstract, and then the indications, operative principles, and advantages/disadvantages were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Surgeries of spondylolysis are classified as interbody fusion, Buck's method, Scott's fusion, pedicle screw-hook system, memory alloy plates for internal fixation, segmental fusion and mini-invasive treatment. Among which, Buck's methods and pedicle screw-hook system are widely accepted. Additionally, minimally invasive treatment becomes more and more prevailed.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalin(a constituent in Sanhuang decoction) in rats.METHODS:Blood samples were collected as schedule from rats after intragastrically administration of Sanhuang decoction, then the content of baicalin was determined by HPLC and the chief pharmacokinetic parameters were computed.RE SU1TS:The chief pharmacokinetic parameters of baicalin in rats were as follows:t_(max1)=(15?4.23) min;t_(max2)=(6.8?0.54) h;C_(max1) =(4.49?1.56)?g?mL~(-1);C_(max2)=(3.25?1.23)?g?mL~(-1);AUC =(35.52?12.35)?g?h?mL ~(-1);t_(12)=(5.12?0.23)h;CL=(3.86?0.91) 1?h~(-1).CONCLUSION:The method is simple in sample treatment,rapid and accurate,specific and sensitive,and it can be used as a means for the monitoring of the serum concentration of baicalin containing Chinese patent medicines and so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize literature on clinic research of locking compression plate (LCP) on fracture of distal radius, proximal humeral fracture, tibia fracture and other fracture.DATA SOURCE: The first author retrieved literatures from PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) published between June 1992 and May 2009 with the key words of "LCP, Fracture, Therapy,Review".DATA SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: cases undergoing LCP internal fixation; clinical of LCP internal fixation. Repetitive studies were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A total of 127 literatures were selected and primarily collected by reading titles and abstract. A total of 51 literatures unrelated to study objective, and 35 studies of repetitive contents were excluded. Finally, 41 literatures were included for analysis, containing review, commentary, treatise and clinical report.RESULTS: LCP internal fixation was applied in clinical broadly in recent years. Therapeutic efficacy was significantly better than common internal fixation system. LCP internal fixation depended on minimal invasion LCP internal fixation, with characteristics of small wound, simple operation, stable internal fixation and fracture anatomical reduction. It could replace external fixation to some extents. The stability was bigger compared with the external fixation. However, intramedullary pin fixation should be firstly selected for lower limb cadre fracture. There were few studies on this aspect. Controlled studies should be performed in the future.CONCLUSION: LCP was invented as a new technology which was transition from mechanics of machinery to biomechanics. The method makes good contribution to orthopaedics by advocating elasticity, reducing hurt and promoting callus.

Objective To discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment of bursitis around the knee. Methods 32 patients with bursitis around the knee were treated from March 2000 to March 2002 in our hospital. Their diagnosis and treatment were reviewed. The arthroscopy of knee confirmed all the initial diagnosis of the patients made by the physical examination and complaints. We gave them conservative treatment and analyzed the clinical follow ups. Results All the patients were followed up for 8 to 40 weeks. 9 of them who had no internal knee lesions but only one kind of bursitis healed within 3 weeks. 23 of them who had more than two kinds of bursitis (including four who had internal knee lesions) healed within 3 to 5 weeks. Conclusions The differential diagnosis of the bursitis around the knee can be made on the basis of complaints and physical examination. These cases can be managed by conservative treatment.

Aiming at the problems in the post competency training of eight year clinical medical students such as the deficiency of humanistic spirit and communication ability,insufficient capacity of clinical skills training and clinical problem-solving,the lacl of academic research ability and innovative spirit,and according to the practical requirements for clinical personnel,we elaborated the required post competence for eight-year medical students on the basis of its basic concept and intention.We proposed strengthening the cultivation of eight-year medical students by improved course plan and cultivation process,perfected assessment system,enhanced construction of teachers in order to make the students competent to their posts,and we also made some beneficial attempts in formulating and implementing the talent training scheme based on post competency.

Objective To report our experience on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)and perioperative management for patients over 70 years old.Methods From May 1998 to May 2008,78 patients over 70 years old were treated by VATS.Operative risk was evaluated by measuring forced expiratory volume in first second(FEV1),diffuse capacity of carbon monoxide(DLCO),and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and artery blood gas analysis and exercise test before the operation.VATS(n=46)or video-assisted minithoracotmy(n=32)was carried out under general anesthesia with a double-lumen tube.Extubation was delayed in 11 patients after the procedures and mechanical ventilation was employed to smooth anesthesia recovery.Results Postoperative pathological examination showed primary lung cancer in 20 cases,benign pulmonary lesions in 26,pleural mesothelioma in 3,malignant pleural metastasis in 5,empyema in 5,benign mediastinal tumor in 15,hiatal hernia in 3,and esophageal leiomyoma in 1.Postoperative morbidity was 33.3%(26/78)in this series,none of the patients died during the operation;the perioperative mortality was 2.6%(2/78).Conclusions VATS is safe for elderly patients.Satisfying outcomes can be achieved through strict preoperative evaluation,proper operative method and active management for postoperative complications.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of video-assisted mini-thoracoscopy(VAMT) for radical resection of lung cancer.Methods From April 2002 to December 2008,radical resection of lung cancer was performed on 39 patients by VMAT in our hospital.A 1.5-cm and a 7-to 10-cm incision were made during the operation.Both standard surgical instruments and thoracoscopic set were used to treat the pulmonary vessels,perform lobectomy,and remove the lymph nodes in the mediastinum and pulmonary portal.Results The operation was completed in all of the cases.No peri-operative death occurred.The patients received chest drainage for 4 to 7 days after the operation(mean,4.5 days).Post-operative pathological examination showed primary non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in 37 cases,metastatic cancer in 1,and carcinoid in 1.In the 37 patients with NSCLC,9 were stage Ⅰa,13 were Ⅰb,5 were Ⅱa,7 were Ⅱb,2 were Ⅲa,and 1 was Ⅲb.Follow-up was available in 35 patients for up to 2 to 12 months in 4,13 to 24 months in 15,25 to 36 months in 8,37 to 48 months in 6,and 49 to 60 months in 2 cases.Among the 35 cases,totally 4 patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis,1 patient survived with tumor,and the other 30 survived without tumor.The 1-and 3-year survival rate of stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 100%(21/21) and 91%(10/11) respectively.All of the 3 stage Ⅲ patients died of recurrence or metastasis in 19,11,and 14 months respectively after the surgery.Conclusions VAMT is effective for radical resection of lung cancer in a short term.Combination of traditional procedure and VAMT is safe and reliable for the disease.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of thoracoabdominal mini-incision surgery for the treatment of gastric cardia cancer. Methods Radical resection of gastric cardia cancer was performed on 60 patients from January 2002 to January 2007. Thoracoabdominal mini-incision was used in 30 cases, and posterolateral thoracotomy was carried out in the other 30 patients. The data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results The operations were accomplished without death or severe complications in all the patients. Compared with the posterolateral thoracotomy group, thoracoabdominal mini-incision group had shorter incisions [(12.4?0.7) cm vs (19.2?2.0) cm, t=-17.577, P=0.000], shorter operation time [(207.3?76.1) min vs (260.0?85.6) min, t=-2.519, P=0.015], earlier postoperative ambulation [(2.3?0.5)d vs (3.4?0.5) d, t=-8.521, P=0.000], less thoracic drainage [(276.7?58.7) ml vs (308.7?59.5) ml, t=-2.097, P=0.040], less analgesic (pethidine) requirement [(66.7?27.3) mg vs (113.3?45.4) mg, t=-4.818, P=0.000], shorter duration of oxygen use [(3.8?2.0) d vs (5.1?2.6) d, t=-2.171, P=0.034], and higher arterial oxygen saturation[(97.6?2.7)% vs (96.1?2.7)%,t=2.152,P=0.036]. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the number of dissected thoracic lymph nodes (1.87?0.43 vs 1.93?0.37, t=-0.579, P=0.565), number of dissected celiac lymph nodes (4.00?0.45 vs 3.97?0.49, t=0.247, P=0.806), postoperative hospital stay [(11.8?1.0) d vs (12.0?1.2) d, t=-0.701, P=0.486), pulmonary infection (2 vs 5, ?2=0.647, P=0.421), atrial fibrillation (2 vs 4, ?2=0.185, P=0.667) and positive surgical margins (0 vs 1, ?2=0.000, P=1.000). The two groups were followed up for (36.3?13.9) months and (36.3?16.5) months, respectively (t=0.024, P=0.981), no significant difference was detected between them in the 1- and 3-year survival cases (19 vs 22, ?2=0.487, P=0.485; and 10 vs 12, ?2=0.194, P=0.660) and chest pain (2 vs 3, ?2=0.000, P=1.000) during the period. Conclusions By using a thoracoabdominal mini-incision, gastric cardia cancer can be resected completely with less trauma. The approach is ideal for clinical application.