1.PROJECTIONS TO THE NUCLEUS RAPHE DORSALIS FROM THE FOREBRAIN AND BRAIN STEM OF THE CAT
Acta Anatomica Sinica 1953;0(01):-
Nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD) plays an important role in acupuncture analgesia. We carried on further studies on the projections of RD from the forebrain and brain stem of the cat by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal transport method.We have observed the labeled neurons in layer Ⅴ of the proreate gyrus, area prepyriformis, nucleus lateral habenular, and hypothalamic areas (preoptic, lateral, medial and posterior areas) when HRP was injected into the rostral part of the RD. The labeled neurons were giant pyriform in shape in prereate gyrus and area prepyriformis and various shapes in the lateral habenular and hypothalamic areas.We have also found the labeled neurons in the periaqueductal gray matter, locus coeruleus, lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei, other raphe nuclei (n. centralis superior, n. raphe magnus and n. linearis intermediate) and reticular formation of the brain stem when we injected HRP into the caudal part of the RD.This present results confirm that the fibers project to the RD directly from the forebrain cortex (proreate gyrus and area prepyriformis), latral habenular nucleus hypothalamic areas, periaqueductal gray matter, locus coeruleus and other raphe nuclei. We also have found that the afferent projections to the rostral part of the RD and the caudal part of the RD had different origins, that is, the rostral part receives fibers from the forebrain and the caudal part receives fibers not only from the forebrain, but also from the brain stem. The study provided a foundation for explaining acupuncture analgesia and physiological functions of RD.
2.SUBSTANCE P NEURONS AND THEIR SYNAPTIC RELATIONS IN THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS——AN IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Jian LI ; Tiansheng FAN ; Shidong LI
Acta Anatomica Sinica 1953;0(01):-
Substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-li) cell bodies and processes and their synaptic relations with other neural elements in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of rats were studied by electron microscope. The results showed that SP-li neurons are fusiform, oval and multipolar cells which distribute evenly over the nucleus. Immunostaining was present in the cytoplasmic matrix and membranes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Both unmyelinated and myelinated SP-li axons are found in the NRM. SP-li dendrites are numerous in the NRM. SP-li dendrites and somata are contacted by a variety of round, flat and granular vesicle-containing terminals. A central SP-li dendrite receivie convergent inputs from unlabelled axonal boutons is frequently seen in the NRM. SP-li terminals are presynaptic to the unlabelled dendrites, also some SP-li terminals are apposed or presynaptic to SP-li dendrites. Axo-axonic (SP-li) synapses were found in the NRM. The unlabelled presynaptic boutons contain clear round vesicles or mixed with granular vesicles. A central SP-li terminalis contacted by several unlabelled terminals is also found in the NRM.
3.SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FRONTAL SINUSES IN THE CHINESE SKULLS
Bailian DU ; Zhanghsian FAN ; Jiansheng YANG ; Tiansheng FAN
Acta Anatomica Sinica 1954;0(02):-
1. The frontal sinuses of 250 skulls of Chinese male adults were investigated. Ac-cording to the number of the frontal sinuses, the skulls were classified into five types. Type Ⅰ. no frontal sinus. Type Ⅱ. one frontal sinus (either left or right). Type Ⅲ. two frontal sinuses (one on each side). Type Ⅳ. three frontal sinuses (two left, one right, & vice versa). TyPe Ⅴ. four frontal sinuses (two on each side). 2. The degrees of superior, lateral and posterior extensions of the frontal sinuses inmost cases were grossly symmetrical. 3. It was found that two frontal sinuses were extended posteriorly over the orbitto near the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. 4. The degree of prominence of the superciliary arches was neither the indicationof the presence of the frontal sinuses nor the estimation of its extension or size. 5. The thickness of the anterior wall of the frontal sinuses was within 0.8--3 mm(89.4% on the left, 84.6% on the right), and the thickness of its septum fluctuated be-tween 0.1--2 mm (70.4%). The septa of all metopic skulls were divided into two partsby the suture. 6. The invading cells and the recesses of the frontal sinuses were studied, classifiedand discussed. 7. The position of the openings of the naso-frontal duct was as follows: 1. drain-age into the ethmoid infundibulum 49.5%. 2. drainage into the frontal recess 26.2%. 3.drainage into the frontal pit 20.5%. 4. drainage into the supra-bulla region 3.8%.
4.THE AFFERENT NEURONAL CONNECTIONS OF THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS IN THE BRAIN STEM OF THE CAT:AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY BY MEANS OF AXONAL RETROGRADE TRANSPORT OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE
Tiansheng FAN ; Xianxiang CHU ; Jianying JING ; Jiansheng YANG ; Shidong LI ; Fanghou FU ;
Acta Anatomica Sinica 1953;0(01):-
A total of 30 cats were used in this experiment.The nucleus raphe magnus wasinjected with 0.1~0.3?l of 25~50% HRP solution(RZ:2.4~3.1).Two or three daysafter operation,the animals were killed and then perfused with the fixing fluid.Thebrainstem and spinal cord were sectioned serially on a freezing microtome and treatedaccording to the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase.Parts of the sections were counterstained with toloidine-blue.The labelled neuronswere examined microscopically under bright-field and dark-field illumination Thelabelled neurons were distributed as follows.After injections of nucleus raphe magnus,a few labelled neurons were foundin the medial part of parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus.A greater numbers oflabelled cells were consistently found in the ventrolateral area of the central greymatter of the midbrain.The dorsal nucleus of the midbrain raphe had a few labelled neurons.The HRPpositive neurons were found in the nucleus Darkschewitsch,mesencephalic reticularformation,nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis,nucleus reticularis paramedianus,nucleus vestibularis medialis and nucleus vestibularis lateralis.In some cases a fewlabelled cells were also seen in the posterior area of hypothalamus,nucleus posteriorcommissure,nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis,superior collicus,nucleus annularis,reticularformation of the pons,nucleus nervi facialis and nucleus gracilis.In summary,the present studies show that the afferent connections of nucleusraphe magnus are widely concerned with the structures of the pain control.Itsuggests that the nucleus raphe magnus is an important relay station for pain control.
5.Analysis of Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 in Assessing Medication Compliance of the Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Fan WU ; Jinxia ZHAO ; Tiansheng WANG ; Hong SHAO ; Luwen SHI
China Pharmacy 2018;29(2):263-268
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version Morisky Medication Adherence Scales-8 in assessing medication compliance of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis.METHODS:The Chinese version of MMAS-8 was used to evaluate the compliance of 200 rheumatoid arthritis patients who responded to the WeChat public issue from the public forum of China rheumatism.Item analysis,homogeneity test,reliability analysis,and validity analysis were all conducted.RESULTS:The eight items showed significant difference between the two extreme groups as head and tail 27% of the total score in Levene method F test (P<0.001).t test of variance inequality was adopted,with significant difference (P<0.001).Correlation coefficient between the 7 items and the total score was higher than 0.400,and the 8 items were significantly correlated with the total score (P<0.001).Internal consistency reliability coefficient Cronbach's α was 0.657,and standardized Cronbach's α was 0.662.For construct validity,KMO was 0.638,Bartlett's sphericity test was 246.278,factor analysis method was adopted to extract 3 common factors,and explainable total variance was 58.846%.Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.435 between MMAS-8 total score and MA-VAS score (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Reliability and validity of the Chinese version MMAS-8 for the determination of medication compliance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are good.
6.Clinical guideline for surgical treatment of symptomatic chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures
Bohua CHEN ; Qixin CHEN ; Liming CHENG ; Tongwei CHU ; Zhongliang DENG ; Jian DONG ; Haoyu FENG ; Shiqing FENG ; Shunwu FAN ; Yanzheng GAO ; Zhong GUAN ; Yong HAI ; Dingjun HAO ; Baorong HE ; Dianming JIANG ; Jianyuan JIANG ; Chunde LI ; Fang LI ; Feng LI ; Li LI ; Weishi LI ; Zhongshi LI ; Qi LIAO ; Bin LIU ; Guodong LIU ; Xiaoguang LIU ; Zhongjun LIU ; Shibao LU ; Xinlong MA ; Limin RONG ; Huiyong SHEN ; Yong SHEN ; Jun SHU ; Yueming SONG ; Tiansheng SUN ; Jiwei TIAN ; Huan WANG ; Hong XIA ; Jianzhong XU ; Zhengwei XU ; Huilin YANG ; Jie ZHAO ; Yue ZHOU ; Yue ZHU
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2020;36(7):577-586
According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.
7.Clinical guideline for diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture (version 2023)
Jianan ZHANG ; Bohua CHEN ; Tongwei CHU ; Yirui CHEN ; Jian DONG ; Haoyu FENG ; Shunwu FAN ; Shiqing FENG ; Yanzheng GAO ; Zhong GUAN ; Yong HAI ; Lijun HE ; Yuan HE ; Dianming JIANG ; Jianyuan JIANG ; Bin LIN ; Bin LIU ; Baoge LIU ; Dechun LI ; Fang LI ; Feng LI ; Guohua LYU ; Li LI ; Qi LIAO ; Weishi LI ; Xiaoguang LIU ; Yong LIU ; Zhongjun LIU ; Shibao LU ; Wei MEI ; Yong QIU ; Limin RONG ; Yong SHEN ; Huiyong SHEN ; Jun SHU ; Yueming SONG ; Honghui SUN ; Tiansheng SUN ; Yan WANG ; Zhe WANG ; Zheng WANG ; Yongming XI ; Hong XIA ; Jinglong YAN ; Liang YAN ; Wen YUAN ; Gang ZHAO ; Jie ZHAO ; Jianguo ZHANG ; Xiaozhong ZHOU ; Yue ZHU ; Yingze ZHANG ; Dingjun HAO ; Baorong HE
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2023;39(3):204-213
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.
8.Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults (version 2023)
Yukun DU ; Dageng HUANG ; Wei TIAN ; Dingjun HAO ; Yongming XI ; Baorong HE ; Bohua CHEN ; Tongwei CHU ; Jian DONG ; Jun DONG ; Haoyu FENG ; Shunwu FAN ; Shiqing FENG ; Yanzheng GAO ; Zhong GUAN ; Yong HAI ; Lijun HE ; Yuan HE ; Dianming JIANG ; Jianyuan JIANG ; Weiqing KONG ; Bin LIN ; Bin LIU ; Baoge LIU ; Chunde LI ; Fang LI ; Feng LI ; Guohua LYU ; Li LI ; Qi LIAO ; Weishi LI ; Xiaoguang LIU ; Yong LIU ; Zhongjun LIU ; Shibao LU ; Fei LUO ; Jianyi LI ; Yong QIU ; Limin RONG ; Yong SHEN ; Huiyong SHEN ; Jun SHU ; Yueming SONG ; Tiansheng SUN ; Jiang SHAO ; Jiwei TIAN ; Yan WANG ; Zhe WANG ; Zheng WANG ; Xiangyang WANG ; Hong XIA ; Jinglong YAN ; Liang YAN ; Wen YUAN ; Jie ZHAO ; Jianguo ZHANG ; Yue ZHU ; Xuhui ZHOU ; Mingwei ZHAO
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2023;39(4):299-308
The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.
9.Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (version 2022)
Zhengwei XU ; Dingjun HAO ; Liming CHENG ; Baorong HE ; Bohua CHEN ; Chen CHEN ; Fei CHE ; Jian CHEN ; Qixin CHEN ; Liangjie DU ; Shunwu FAN ; Zhong FANG ; Shiqing FENG ; Yanzheng GAO ; Haishan GUAN ; Zhong GUAN ; Hua JIANG ; Weimin JIANG ; Dianming JIANG ; Jun JIANG ; Yue JIANG ; Lijun HE ; Yuan HE ; Bo LI ; Tao LI ; Jianjun LI ; Xigong LI ; Yijian LIANG ; Bin LIN ; Bin LIU ; Bo LIU ; Yong LIU ; Zhibin LIU ; Xuhua LU ; Chao MA ; Lie QIAN ; Renfu QUAN ; Hongxun SANG ; Haibo SHEN ; Jun SHU ; Honghui SUN ; Tiansheng SUN ; Jun TAN ; Mingxing TANG ; Sheng TAO ; Honglin TENG ; Yun TIAN ; Jiwei TIAN ; Qiang WANG ; Xinwei WANG ; Jianhuang WU ; Peigen XIE ; Weihong XU ; Bin YAN ; Yong YANG ; Guoyong YIN ; Xiaobing YU ; Yuhong ZENG ; Guoqing ZHANG ; Xiaobo ZHANG ; Jie ZHAO ; Yue ZHU
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2022;38(11):961-972
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.
10.Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults (version 2024)
Qingde WANG ; Yuan HE ; Bohua CHEN ; Tongwei CHU ; Jinpeng DU ; Jian DONG ; Haoyu FENG ; Shunwu FAN ; Shiqing FENG ; Yanzheng GAO ; Zhong GUAN ; Hua GUO ; Yong HAI ; Lijun HE ; Dianming JIANG ; Jianyuan JIANG ; Bin LIN ; Bin LIU ; Baoge LIU ; Chunde LI ; Fang LI ; Feng LI ; Guohua LYU ; Li LI ; Qi LIAO ; Weishi LI ; Xiaoguang LIU ; Hongjian LIU ; Yong LIU ; Zhongjun LIU ; Shibao LU ; Yong QIU ; Limin RONG ; Yong SHEN ; Huiyong SHEN ; Jun SHU ; Yueming SONG ; Tiansheng SUN ; Yan WANG ; Zhe WANG ; Zheng WANG ; Hong XIA ; Guoyong YIN ; Jinglong YAN ; Wen YUAN ; Zhaoming YE ; Jie ZHAO ; Jianguo ZHANG ; Yue ZHU ; Yingjie ZHOU ; Zhongmin ZHANG ; Wei MEI ; Dingjun HAO ; Baorong HE
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2024;40(2):97-106
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.