The purpose of this paper is to provide parameters of physiological functions in elite athletes of track andfield, swimming, volleyball and gymnasts with reference to criteria for recruitment. Tests were made on 811males and 761 females for 14 physiological indices, including pulse rate, blood pressure and step test. Significant correlations were found between the performance level of track and field and swimming on theone hand and the athletes' vital capacity and Vo_2max on the other. Players of the national women volleyballteam were found to be more responsive in nervous reflexes and possess a lower percentage of body fat and agreater lean body weight than their counterparts on other teams. The gymnasts were found to be inferior incardiopulmonary function, which might be one of their pnysiological characteristics. In most items the subjects'parameters were mean?one SD. It is believed that for better performances an athelet must improve his cardio-pulmonary function.

Objective To establish a rat model of cardiac insufficiency complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and to meet the needs of clinical and laboratory studies. Methods Forty-five male specific pathogen free (SPF) rats were ran-domly divided into three groups:normal control group (A, n=10 ), coarctation of the aorta (AAC) group (B, n=10), AAC+DM group (C, n=25). The model of cardiac insufficiency with abdominal aortic constriction was establish in B and C groups. Af-ter two months of AAC, rats of group C were randomly divided into five subgroups and treated with different doses of strepto-zotocin (STZ) respectively(40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 mg/kg). The dynamic changes of general condition and weights were ob-served during the process of experiment. The blood glucose levels of 72 h and 4 week after STZ injection were detected. The echocardiograph and cardiac pathology changes were evaluated after 1 month of STZ injection. Results The general data in-cluding blood glucose levels, echocardiographic findings and myocardial tissue microscopic morphology were compared be-tween different doses of STZ groups. The 45 mg/kg STZ was considered for more stable model of cardiac dysfunction compli-cated with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion The rat model of cardiac insufficiency complicated with diabetes mellitus is estab-lished by single dose injection of 45 mg/kg STZ after two-month AAC, which is a simple, reliable and high stability method.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer xenograft in nude mice with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat diet.Methods Female BALB/C nude mice were fed with high fat diet (45.0％ from fat,HFD group) or common diet (13.8％ from fat,CD group) for 12 weeks (n=15,respectively).Colon cancer cell line SW480 was marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and subcutaneous xenograft model was established.The tumor growth was observed by the in vivo imaging system in small animal at the 4th week.By the end of the experiment,serum glucose and lipid level of the two groups were measured,visceral subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue,liver and xenograft tumor were dissociated and weighted.The differences of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD31 expression in the tumors between groups were analyzed.The t-test or x2 test were performed for group comparison.Results Compared with CD group,the body weight,blood serum glucose level,triglyceride and cholesterol level,adipose content of subcutaneous and visceral of the HFD group significantly increased (t=2.91,4.12,4.43,3.92,3.77 and 4.02,all P＜0.05).Averagedaily energy intake of HFD group was significantly higher than that of CD group (t=2.34,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in liver weight (t=1.02,P＞0.05).However,by HE staining lipid vacuoles in the liver tissue was obvious in HFD group.Average bioluminescent index,tumor volume and weight of xenografts of HFD group were remarkably higher than those of CD group (t=8.84,2.48 and 2.86,all P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the strong positive rate of PCNA in xenografts of HFD group was 80.00％ and the microvessel density (MVD) was (25.75±0.96)/per high power field,both of which were higher than those of CD group (14.29％ and (13.33±1.53)/per high power field respectively,x2 =12.52,t=13.35,both P＜0.01).Conclusions The colon cancer xenograft in nude mice with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat diet had a high MVD and grew fast.

To observe the cerebral activating effects of needling at Waiguan (SJ5) versus SJ5 plus Yanglingquan (GB34) points in young healthy volunteers based on the hypothesis of "needling effect of combined acupuncture points relates to the brain activation".

Objective:To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation training after total knee arthroplasty surgery by continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) with or without periarticular local infiltration analgesia (PLIA).Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,controlled study,100 patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled.All the patients received CFNB for postoperative analgesia before combined spinal epidural anesthesia.They were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =50 each):CFNB group,CFNB combined with PLIA group (PLIA group).Group PLIA received periarticular local infiltration analgesia with 20 mL ropivacaine (5 g/L),while the equal volume of normal saline was used instead of ropivacaine in group CFNB.Postoperative pain during rest and passive exercises including front and rear portions of knees,the time of ability to perform an active straight leg raise,the time of ability to reach 90° knee flexion,and preoperative and postoperative hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) were evaluated.Results:Compared with group CFNB,the visual analogue scores (VAS) of front of knees at rest time in group PLIA had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);there were significant differences at 4,8,12,24 h postoperation in portions of knees at rest time (P ＜ 0.05);the VAS had significant differences at 24 h in passive exercises of knees (P ＜ 0.05);the VAS had significant differences at 12,24 h in portions of knees at passive exercises of the knees (P ＜ 0.05);the time of ability to perform an active straight leg raise had significant differences in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Compared with CFNB postoperative analgesia alone,CFNB with PLIA could relieve rest pain and pain during passive movement after total knee arthroplasty.CFNB with PLIA could shorten the time to perform an active straight leg raise and the time of ability to reach 90° knee flexion.And so some patients could improve postoperative rehabilitation training.

Aim To investigate the behavioral changes of the pain related neuromodulation and neurotransmission in peripheral and central nervous systems in rats with trigeminal neuralgia (TN)and provide a disease relevant animal model for mecha-nism study of TN.Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and TN surgical group.The latter group was further divided into model group and gabapentin group (100 mg · kg-1 ). TN was induced by intravenous erythrosine B injection and laser irradiation.The pain behavior of rats was evaluated using mechanical pain threshold measured with Von Frey hairs.Fluorescence quantitative PCR technique was deployed to study the change of Tac1 mRNA expressions in trigeminal ganglia.Utilizing microdialysis technique followed by high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD),the extracellular striatum fluid was collected and glutamate(Glu)concentration was determined.Results In the model group,the average mechanical pain threshold in facial ar-ea innervated by the trigeminal nerve remained below 4g after 7 days post surgery.The mechanical threshold of the model group (1.63 ±1.27)g was significantly lower (P<0.01)than the control group (24.17 ±4.49)g on day10 post surgery.In gen-eral,the mechanical withdraw threshold was decreased from the preoperative value of 26g to the postoperative value of (1.60 ± 1.74)g (P<0.01),and maintained stable at (0.71 ±1.24) g during the whole dynamic monitoring period from day7 to day60.The successful rate of this model was 63%.After sur-gery,Tac1 mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia and extracel-lular Glu levels in striatum were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05 ) in the model group. Animals receiving Gabapentin showed significant improvement in pain symptoms,as well as re-ductions of Tac1 mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia and ex-tracellular Glu concentration in striatum (P<0.05 ).Conclu-sions The above described photochemically induced TN rat model can partially mimic the clinical TN symptoms and its pathophysiology.Considering its overall high stability,it is very likely that this model could be used in preclinical mechanism study or drug screening of TN.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Kirschner wire,reconstruction plate and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of Robinson type 2A and 2B midshaft clavicle fracture.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with midshaft clavicle fracture in the hospital from August 2006 to August 2015 were selected and divided into the group A,B and C.The group A adopted Kirschner wire,group B adopted the reconstruction plate and group C adopted the locking compression plate internal fixation.Then the incision length,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,postoperative Constant-Murley scores and DASH scores and postoperative complications incidence rate were compared among the three groups.Results The incision length,operative time and intraoperative blood loss in the group A and C were significantly better than those in the group B(P＜0.05).The fracture healing time,postoperative activity,muscle strength and daily life score,postoperative complications incidence rate,postoperative DASH score in the group C were significantly better than those in the group A and B(P＜0.05).Conclusion The locking compression plate in the treatment of Robinson type 2A and 2B midshaft clavicle fracture can effectively reduce the surgical trauma,shortens the fracture healing time and decreases the postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Akt2 inhibitor on macrophage polarization in the periapical tissue in a rat model of periapical inflammation. METHODS: Rat models of periapical inflammation were established in 28 normal SD rats by opening the pulp cavity of the mandibular first molars, followed by injection of normal saline and Akt2 inhibitor into the left and right medullary cavities, respectively. Four rats without any treatment served as the healthy control group. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after modeling, 7 rat models and 1 control rat were randomly selected for observation of inflammatory infiltration in the periapical tissues by X-ray and HE staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and localization of Akt2, macrophages and the inflammatory mediators. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, inflammatory mediators, miR-155-5p and C/EBPβ to analyze the changes in macrophage polarization. RESULTS: X-ray and HE staining showed that periapical inflammation was the most obvious at 21 days after modeling in the rats. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed that compared with those in the control rats, the expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, miR-155-5p, C/EBPβ, and IL-10 increased significantly in the rat models at 21 days (P < 0.05). Compared with saline treatment, treatment with the Akt2 inhibitor significantly decreased the expression levels of Akt2, CD86, miR-155-5p and IL-6 and the ratio of CD86⁺M1/CD163⁺M2 macrophages (P < 0.05) and increased the expression levels of CD163, C/EBPβ and IL-10 in the rat models (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of Akt2 can delay the progression of periapical inflammation in rats and promote M2 macrophage polarization in the periapical inflammatory microenvironment possibly by reducing miR-155-5p expression and activating the expression of C/EBPβ in the Akt signaling pathway.
Rats ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Interleukin-10 ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism*