OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different maintain doses of Dexmedetomidine on plasma cortisol and glucose during anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia. METHOD: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 120 ASA I and II patients undergoing selective uvulopalatopharyngoplasty under general anesthesia were included. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 40): Dexmedetomidine low maintain dose group (D1), Dexmedetomidine high maintain dose group (group D2) and control group (group C). The Dexmedetomidine groups and control group were given Dexmedetomidine 1 microg/kg and normal saline in 20 ml within 15 min just before induction of anesthesia. Then Dexmedetomidine were maintained at 0.2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) and 0.7 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group D1 and group D2 and were withdrawed 5 min before the end of operation, the same maintained speed of normal saline was given in group C. BIS value was maintained at 40-60 by adjusting the inhaled concentration of sevoflurane. Anesthetic was withdrawed 10 min before the end of operation. Thus, plasma cortisol concentration and blood glucose was needed to be detected just before anesthesia (T0), tracheal extubation (T1), 5 min after extubation (T2) and 15 min after extubation (T3). Duration of operation and anesthesia, consumption of sevoflurane, emergence time, extubation time, the occurrence of dysphoria, bucking and hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90%) during extubation were recorded. RESULT: Compared with group C, MAP and HR at T1, plasma cortisol concentration and blood glucose at T1 - T3 were all significantly lower in group D1 and group D2 (P < 0.05), and so were the consumption of sevoflurane and the occurrence of dysphoria (P < 0.05). The emergence time and extubation time were significantly prolonged in group D2 compared with group D1 and group C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of bucking and hypoxemia in three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In the patients undergoing UPPP under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia, Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) maintains a stable hemodynamics without respiratory depression, alleviates stress response during extubation and reduces both the consumption of sevoflurane and the occurrence of dysphoria without prolonging emergence time and extubation time.
Adult ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Dexmedetomidine ; administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sevoflurane ; Uvula ; surgery

Objective To investigate the characteristics of growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer xenograft in nude mice with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat diet.Methods Female BALB/C nude mice were fed with high fat diet (45.0％ from fat,HFD group) or common diet (13.8％ from fat,CD group) for 12 weeks (n=15,respectively).Colon cancer cell line SW480 was marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and subcutaneous xenograft model was established.The tumor growth was observed by the in vivo imaging system in small animal at the 4th week.By the end of the experiment,serum glucose and lipid level of the two groups were measured,visceral subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue,liver and xenograft tumor were dissociated and weighted.The differences of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD31 expression in the tumors between groups were analyzed.The t-test or x2 test were performed for group comparison.Results Compared with CD group,the body weight,blood serum glucose level,triglyceride and cholesterol level,adipose content of subcutaneous and visceral of the HFD group significantly increased (t=2.91,4.12,4.43,3.92,3.77 and 4.02,all P＜0.05).Averagedaily energy intake of HFD group was significantly higher than that of CD group (t=2.34,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in liver weight (t=1.02,P＞0.05).However,by HE staining lipid vacuoles in the liver tissue was obvious in HFD group.Average bioluminescent index,tumor volume and weight of xenografts of HFD group were remarkably higher than those of CD group (t=8.84,2.48 and 2.86,all P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the strong positive rate of PCNA in xenografts of HFD group was 80.00％ and the microvessel density (MVD) was (25.75±0.96)/per high power field,both of which were higher than those of CD group (14.29％ and (13.33±1.53)/per high power field respectively,x2 =12.52,t=13.35,both P＜0.01).Conclusions The colon cancer xenograft in nude mice with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat diet had a high MVD and grew fast.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of intra-arterial thrombi under went susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods The MRI images of 133 patients with AIS was analyzed,included time of flight MR angiography(TOF-MRA )and SWI.The patients were divided into two groups according to the time between onset of symptoms and MR imaging (group A,interval time<24 h;group B,interval time 24-72 h).Two neuroradiologists who were blin-ded to the patients clinical information,documented the number and location of susceptibility vessel sign (SVS)in SWI and embolic occlusion or stenosis on TOF-MRA in AIS patients.Results The thrombus detection rate in group A was higher than that in group B.There was no significant difference in the overall detection rate of thrombi between SWI and TOF-MRA in all AIS patients,but the thrombi detection rate in M3 segement of middle cerebral artery(MCA)with SWI was higher than that with TOF-MRA in group A(P <0.05).Conclusion SWI performs a high diagnostic value for thrombus detection in AIS patients,especially for the thrombus detection of M3 segement in early period of AIS.

Objective:To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation training after total knee arthroplasty surgery by continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) with or without periarticular local infiltration analgesia (PLIA).Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,controlled study,100 patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled.All the patients received CFNB for postoperative analgesia before combined spinal epidural anesthesia.They were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =50 each):CFNB group,CFNB combined with PLIA group (PLIA group).Group PLIA received periarticular local infiltration analgesia with 20 mL ropivacaine (5 g/L),while the equal volume of normal saline was used instead of ropivacaine in group CFNB.Postoperative pain during rest and passive exercises including front and rear portions of knees,the time of ability to perform an active straight leg raise,the time of ability to reach 90° knee flexion,and preoperative and postoperative hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) were evaluated.Results:Compared with group CFNB,the visual analogue scores (VAS) of front of knees at rest time in group PLIA had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);there were significant differences at 4,8,12,24 h postoperation in portions of knees at rest time (P ＜ 0.05);the VAS had significant differences at 24 h in passive exercises of knees (P ＜ 0.05);the VAS had significant differences at 12,24 h in portions of knees at passive exercises of the knees (P ＜ 0.05);the time of ability to perform an active straight leg raise had significant differences in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Compared with CFNB postoperative analgesia alone,CFNB with PLIA could relieve rest pain and pain during passive movement after total knee arthroplasty.CFNB with PLIA could shorten the time to perform an active straight leg raise and the time of ability to reach 90° knee flexion.And so some patients could improve postoperative rehabilitation training.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic ability of fusion images of SWI and DWI in ischemic penumbra(IP)of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods 47 AIS patients were retrospective analyzed.Two neuroradiologists analyzed the fusion images of SWI and DWI respectively.SDM was defined as that the hypo-intensity signals of intramedullary or sulcal veins were dilated or increased on fusion images compared with contralateral areas.The results compared with the PDM,which was considered as the“gold standard”.Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were used to assess the efficacy of SDM which determined by fusion images and compared to PDM.Chi-square test was used to analyze the consistency between the two neuroradiologists and also the consistency between SDM and PDM in IP assessment Results The fusion images of SWI and DWI had a high diagnostic efficacy compared to PDM, AUC of the two radiologists were 0.885,0.877,the diagnostic sensitivity were 84.2%,78.9% and specificity were 92.9%,96.4%respectively.There was also a high consistency in SDM assessment through fusion images between the two neuroradiologists (Kappa=0.908,P >0.05). Conclusion Fusion images of SWI and DWI have a high diagnostic efficacy in IP assessment,which may be considered as a simple approach for IP assessment in patients with AIS.

Objective Survivin is overexpressed in gastric cancer. However it not expressed in normal gastric mucosa. The expression of survivin is tightly related to the prognosis of gastric cancer.By gene reconstruction we generated pcDNA3 survivin mutant(Cys84Ala) plasmid, and observed its effect on the gastric carcinoma cell lines. Methods The survivin mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) analysis,Western blot and immunohistochemical staining respectively . Flowcytometry and acridine orange staning were employed to detect apoptosis. Results Overexpression of survivin mRNA and protein were detected in the gastric cancer cell lines. Inhibition of survivin by survivin mutant cDNA induced apoptosis,activated caspase 3 activity,cleaved PARP and promoted cytochrome C releasing in gastric cancer cells,and effectively sensitized gastric cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion Inhibition of survivin may induce apoptosis in gastic cancer and sensitize gastric cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.Survivin targeted therapeutic protocol may potentially benefit gastric cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the possible signal pathway of the apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines(SGC 7901 and MKN 45)induced by arsenic trioxide. Methods TUNEL method was used to observe the influence of calcium antagonist, inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein tyrosine kinase(PTK) on the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide. Levels of cAMP, PKC and PTK were detected before and after the treatment with arsenic trioxide. Results Both PKC and PTK inhibitors could induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines, also both of them had a cooperative action with arsenic trioxide in inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, while calcium antagonist had no any effect on the apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines. PKC and PTK levels decreased but cAMP level increased during the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide ( P

Objective: Based on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) variables on weekdays and weekends, the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators, so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health. Methods: From March to June 2019, 291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten. A twostep clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis. Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Preschool Section)". Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared, and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed. Results: The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators, including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays, and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends, children could be divided into three categories:active inside (high PA, low SB inside), active outside (high PA outside), and inactive (low PA, high SB both inside and outside). The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3, indicating good clustering results. Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays, PA outside on weekdays and weekends, daily low intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the inactive children ( F=157.91, 80.79 , 95.86, 95.52, 124.74, P <0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, the physical fitness scores of both active outside ( 19.03 ±0.47) and active inside (19.11±0.40) were significantly higher than those of the inactive children (17.94±0.31). Additionally, active inside children (3.91±0.14) also showed significantly better performance in continuous double-leg jumps, compared to inactive children (3.45±0.11) ( P <0.05). Conclusion Children active inside and those active outside perform well in PA. Future research should focus on the proportion of structured and unstructured PA time to enhance the overall physical fitness of children.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of cardiac late iodine enhancement dual-energy CT (LIE-DECT) multiparameter post-processing technique for evaluating the presence, location, and extent of cardiac scars in patients with heart failure (HF), using cardiac MR (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as a reference standard.Methods:Thirty-nine HF patients who underwent cardiac LIE-DECT and LGE-CMR examinations in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from November 2019 to November 2021 were prospectively collected, all enrolled HF patients underwent LIE-DECT post-processing to reconstruct monoenergetic plus (Mono+) map (40 keV), iodine map and Rho/Z map, to evaluate the enhancement degree, location and extent of left ventricular myocardial LIE on the left ventricular short-axis map, respectively, and compared with LGE-CMR. Cohen′s Kappa test was used to assess the intra-and inter-observer consistency of LIE by DECT multiparameter technique and the consistency of LIE presence and location by DECT multiparameter technique and by CMR. The diagnostic efficacy of DECT multiparameter technique in diagnosing myocardial scar was calculated.Results:Of the 39 patients included, 32 patients were detected by CMR with LGE in 147 segments, including 37 subendocardial patterns, 19 transmural patterns, 74 mid-wall patterns, and 17 epicardial patterns. The intra-observer consistency Kappa values of 40 keV Mono+map, iodine map and Rho/Z map were 0.878, 0.930 and 0.835 ( P all<0.001), respectively. The inter-observer consistency Kappa values were 0.838, 0.892 and 0.808 ( P all<0.001), respectively. The LIE of 40 keV Mono+map, iodine map and Rho/Z map were in good agreement with CMR, Kappa values were 0.903, 0.883 and 0.810 ( P all<0.001), respectively. For the per-patient analysis, the accuracies of 40 keV Mono+map, iodine map and Rho/Z map were 92.3% (36/39), 92.3% (36/39) and 82.1% (32/39), respectively. For the segment-based analysis, the accuracies of 40 keV Mono+map, iodine map and Rho/Z map accuracy were 96.1% (492/512), 95.3% (488/512) and 92.6% (474/512), respectively. In Bland-Altman analysis, the consistency bias between scar extent measured by 40 keV Mono+map, iodine map, Rho/Z map and that measured by LGE-CMR were -2.03%, -2.21%, -2.65%, and the 95% limit of agreement were -12.20%-8.14%, -12.69%-8.28% and -14.85%-9.58%, respectively. Conclusion:LIE-DECT multiparameter technique can detect myocardial scar in HF patients well, which is consistent with LGE-CMR.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Akt2 inhibitor on macrophage polarization in the periapical tissue in a rat model of periapical inflammation. METHODS: Rat models of periapical inflammation were established in 28 normal SD rats by opening the pulp cavity of the mandibular first molars, followed by injection of normal saline and Akt2 inhibitor into the left and right medullary cavities, respectively. Four rats without any treatment served as the healthy control group. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after modeling, 7 rat models and 1 control rat were randomly selected for observation of inflammatory infiltration in the periapical tissues by X-ray and HE staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and localization of Akt2, macrophages and the inflammatory mediators. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, inflammatory mediators, miR-155-5p and C/EBPβ to analyze the changes in macrophage polarization. RESULTS: X-ray and HE staining showed that periapical inflammation was the most obvious at 21 days after modeling in the rats. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed that compared with those in the control rats, the expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, miR-155-5p, C/EBPβ, and IL-10 increased significantly in the rat models at 21 days (P < 0.05). Compared with saline treatment, treatment with the Akt2 inhibitor significantly decreased the expression levels of Akt2, CD86, miR-155-5p and IL-6 and the ratio of CD86⁺M1/CD163⁺M2 macrophages (P < 0.05) and increased the expression levels of CD163, C/EBPβ and IL-10 in the rat models (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of Akt2 can delay the progression of periapical inflammation in rats and promote M2 macrophage polarization in the periapical inflammatory microenvironment possibly by reducing miR-155-5p expression and activating the expression of C/EBPβ in the Akt signaling pathway.
Rats ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Interleukin-10 ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism*