【Objective】 To investigate the situation of whole blood collection in Tianjin after COVID-19 prevention and control measures were fully lifted. 【Methods】 The relevant data on whole blood collection of voluntary blood donors in Tianjin 15 days before Spring Festival (2023.01.07-2023.01.21, when China has managed COVID-19 with measures against Class B infectious disease instead of Class A infectious diseases) and 15 days before Spring Festival in 2018 (2018.02.01- 2018.02.15) and 2019 (2019.01.21-2019.02.04) before the breakout of COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and compared. 【Results】 The comparison between the above period in 2023, 2018 and 2019 was as follows: the number of blood donors was 6 124 vs 3 940 vs 4 069; blood collection volume (U) was 9 623 vs 7 378 vs 7 808; the proportion of first-time blood donors, local blood donors and group blood donors was 69.17% (4 236/6 124) vs 65.86% (2 595/3 940) vs 62.05% (2 525/4 069), 59.31% (3 632/6 124) vs 23.27% (9170) vs 18.19% (740/4 069) and 43.42% (2 659/6 124) vs 8.05% (317/2 595) vs 0.15% (6/4 069) (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The adjustment of COVID-19 prevention and control policy has a significant impact on voluntary blood donation, and the corresponding adjustment of blood donor recruitment strategy in blood centers should be conducted to increase the whole blood collection.

Apheresis platelets are extensively utilized in clinical practice due to high purity and minimal side effects. These platelets are primarily obtained from regular blood donors. However, there is no consensus on whether plateletpheresis leads to iron deficiency among blood donors. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the impact of plateletpheresis on the iron nutritional status of these donors. Numerous studies have indicated a prevalence of iron deficiency among plateletpheresis donors. The process of plateletpheresis involves the loss of red blood cells, which can accumulate over time and disrupt iron metabolism, ultimately resulting in iron deficiency anemia. This condition not only affects the physical well-being of the donors but also leads to a decline in their willingness to donate blood. Blood collection and supply institutions should enhance their focus on the iron nutritional status of plateletpheresis donors and implement various measures, such as intensifying health education regarding the significance of iron supplementation, implementing programs for testing iron deficiency, considering the provision of iron supplements and extending blood donation intervals. It is crucial to prevent iron deficiency in plateletpheresis donors. These institutions should explore calculation models that can predict personalized blood donation intervals and iron supplementation strategies, and seek a balanced approach that is optimal for maintaining adequate collections while safeguarding donor health. The article comprehensively reviews literature at home and abroad on the etiology and hazards of iron deficiency in plateletpheresis donors, as well as detection methods and response measures. It serves as a foundation for developing scientific and reasonable care measures for blood donation, while also achieving personalized and scientific management and recruitment strategies for blood donors.

【Objective】 To investigate the serological and molecular characteristics of twenty blood samples carrying ABO^*AW.37 allele and to analyze ABO allelic enhancement. 【Methods】 The ABO phenotype of the twenty samples was determined by serological methods and the genotype of 1-7 ABO exons was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. 【Results】 Sequencing analysis showed that all twenty samples contained a c. 940A>G(p.Lys314Glu) mutation of A allele, which was defined as ABO^*AW.37. When ABO^*AW.37 and B alleles were inherited simultaneously in 9 cases, in forward typing anti-A antibodies all agglutinated and the serological phenotype was AwB. Among the 11 cases with ABO^*AW.37 and O alleles inherited simultaneously, there was no agglutination of anti-A in forward typing. For absorption and elution tests, 5 cases were weakly positive and the serological phenotype was Ael, while 6 cases were negative for absorption and elution tests and the serological phenotype was O type. 【Conclusion】 Allelic enhancement occured when both ABO^*AW.37 allele and B allele were inherited simultaneously. When ABO^* AW.37 was inherited simultaneously with O allele, the serological phenotype was Ael or O type and attention should be paid to blood type identification.

【Objective】 To establish deferral criterion of HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA) by using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) method to screen HIV reactive blood donors suitable for entering the re-entry process and improve the management efficiency of reactive blood donors. 【Methods】 The test results of 92 001 blood donors from February to September 2019 were analyzed, and 177 reactive samples were screened by conventional screening mode (twice ELISA and once nucleic acid), supplemented with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay assay (ECLIA), and confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Screening reactive samples were divided into three groups: group A was both serological and nucleic acid reactivity, group B was only serological reactive, and group C was only nucleic acid reactivity. Its efficacy in blood donor classification was assessed by drawing ROC curves with 99% specific corresponding S/CO low values as the deferral criterion of the corresponding serological method. 【Results】 1) A total of 177 HIV reactive samples were detected in conventional mode, including 34 in group A, 142 in Group B and 1 in Group C. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, 0.75% and 100%, respectively. ECLIA detection mode (once ECLIA and once NAT), a total of 67 HIV reactive samples including 34 in group A, 32 in group B and 1 in group C, with positive predictive values of 100%, 3.7% and 100%, respectively.2) The HIV test results showed diversity, with 36 true positive samples including 1 HIV elite controller and 3 early HIV infections (1 HIV ELISA antigen/antibody window and 2 ELISA HIV antibody window), and 32 serological and NAT cases were reactive infections.3) The deferral limit of ELISA 1 and ELISA 2 in conventional screening mode were 20.25 and 9.85, respectively, can screen 97.14% (34/35) of all true positive samples in group A and B, except for one ELISA HIV antibody window (ELISA 2 reactivity). The positive predictive values were 93.94% and 92.85%, respectively. The ECLIA deferral limit of 7.83 can screens all true positive samples in Groups A and B (35/35)in ECLIA mode. The positive predictive value was 94.59%. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of deferral limits in this study can effectively screen HIV-positive blood donors, and the number of screened blood donors is greatly reduced, which is helpful to fine and scientific management of HIV-reactive blood donors. The deferral limit values of different testing reagents are quite different, so each laboratory should choose appropriate testing methods to establish the deferral limit values suitable for the laboratory according to its own testing ability, so as to provide technical support for optimizing the process of returning blood donors to the team.

【Objective】 To evaluate the laboratory's NAT ability by analyzing the feedback reports of nucleic acid test (NAT) results of external quality assessment (EQA) of National Center for Clinic Laboratories (NCCL), so as to improve the laboratory management details and ensure blood safety. 【Methods】 The data of NCCL NAT EQA of blood screening laboratory of Tianjin Blood Center (a total of five occasions from Jan 2019 to Jun 2021) were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From Jan 2019 to Jun 2021, the laboratory participated in EQA for five times and all the results were qualified. The test results of NAT EQA HIV RNA/HCV RNA/HBV DNA detected by R1, R2 and R4 were consistent with the reference results. R3 showed false positive results (CT value 40.46) in the single donation detection of sample No.1925 in HCV RNA. Unreported data of the laboratory was that in the first EQA in 2021, the R4 showed false positive results (CT value 35.8) in in the single donation detection of sample No.2113 in HIV RNA. 【Conclusion】 The performance of each NAT screening system in our laboratory is relatively stable except occasional false positive results influenced by every factor. Potential problems can be found and continuously improved by assaying EQA reports and the extended experimental results of EQA samples to further improve the detection ability.

【Objective】 To analyze the serological markers and RNA prevalence of HEV infection in Chinese voluntary blood donors in different regions of China, so as to provide basis for the necessity of HEV screening and the formulation of screening strategies for voluntary blood donors. 【Methods】 Databases such as CNKI, Wanfang medicine and PubMed were searched for eligible literature, and the literature data meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted for meta-analysis using R4.1.3 software. 【Results】 A total of 26 studies were included, involving 97 928, 117 831 and 82 673 cases, respectively, for anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. The pooled estimated prevalence of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA among Chinese voluntary blood donors was 23.0% [95% CI (18%, 29%)] vs 1.13% [95% CI (0.94%, 1.36%)] vs 0.028%[95%CI(0.006%, 0.059%)], and there were significant differences among different cities and regions. 【Conclusion】 The past infection rate of HEV among voluntary blood donors in China was somewhat high and with significant regional differences. The current infection rate was relatively low and had decreased compared with that in the past decade, but there was still residual risk of blood transfusion. It is necessary to pay more attention to blood HEV screening of voluntary blood donors.

【Objective】 To analyze the situation of regular whole blood donation in Tianjin between 2013 and 2022, in order to provide data support for improving the recruitment and retention measures of regular blood donors and ensuring safe clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 From 2013 to 2022, 185 639 regular whole blood donors in Tianjin were selected as the study group and 1 015 312 other whole blood donors in the same period were selected as the control group. The demographic data, blood collection volume and blood retest screening of blood donors in the two groups were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The number of regular blood donors and the volume of blood donated in Tianjin increased year by year from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 6.22% and 6.18%, respectively. From 2013 to 2021, the retention rate of regular blood donors increased first and then decreased. The proportion of male blood donors in the study and control groups showed a decreasing trend but the proportion of female donors showed an increasing trend, with the proportion of male donors in the study group higher than that in the control group and the proportion of female donors lower than that in the control group (both P<0.05). In the study group, the majority of blood donors were in the age of 26-35 years old, followed by those of 36-45 years old; in the control group, the majority of blood donors were in the age of 18-25 years old, followed by those of 26-35 years old; the proportion of blood donors in the study group in the age of 18-25 years old was lower than that in the control group, while the proportion of blood donors of other age group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rates of 200 mL and 300 mL blood donations and insufficient blood donations in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while the rate of 400 mL blood donations was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Among the blood donors in the study group, the proportion of students, civil servants, medical workers, military personnel, teachers and others was lower than that of the control group, while the proportion of the rest occupations was higher in the study group than that of the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant. There was a significant difference in the proportion of regular blood donors among blood donors of different professions. The re-test deferral rates of ALT and anti-TP in the study group showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend, and the re-test deferral rates of HBV, HCV and HIV showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, and all the re-test deferral rates in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . 【Conclusion】 From 2013 to 2022, the situation of regular blood donors in Tianjin has a certain regularity, and there is certain room for growth. Precise recruitment strategies targeting different populations should be adopted to have more regular blood donors.

OBJECTIVE: To study influence of humidity on granule flowability, explore relationship between flowability and quality of guaifenesin sustained tablet, give a basis for industrialization. METHODS: By hygroscopicity study, CRH was measured. After 10 days in RH 33%, 60%, 75%, 84%, 92.5%, flowability of granule and quality index of tablet, such as appearance, extremum of weighty friability was measured and compared with result of 0 d. Functional relationship between micromeritics parameter and quality index of tablet was fitted. RESULTS: CRH of granule is between RH 67%-68%. When relative humidity is above RH 60%, flow-ability and quality of tablet is changed obviously. Used compressbiliity as X1, repose angle as X2, extremum of tablet weight as Y1, friability as Y2, linear relationship of them is Y1 = 0.192X1+ 0.092X2- 7.398 (r = 0.9921), Y2= 0.069X1 + 0.087X2 - 3.505 (r = 0.9881), when P < 0.001, the equations had statistical significance in the range of observation. CONCLUSION: Relative humidity of production and storage of granule should less than RH 60%. Functional relationship between micromeritics parameter of granule (compressbiliity and repose angle) and quality index of tablet (extremum of weighty friability) had statistical significance in the range of observation. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinopelvic dissociation severely damages the stability of the lumbosacral region, with many treatment complications, poor prognosis and many influencing factors. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influencing factors of clinical efficacy of lumbopelvic internal fixation with nail-rod system treatment of traumatic spinopelvic dissociation. METHODS: Complete data of 16 patients with traumatic spinopelvic dissociation from Tianjin Ninghe Hospital between September 2009 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received lumbopelvic internal fixation with nail-rod system. There were 12 cases with nerve injury, of which 10 cases were treated with sacral nerve decompression. Two cases had no responsible fracture block on imaging and were not treated. Postoperative effect of treatment was evaluated according to the evaluation criterion of Japanese Orthopaedic Association and radiographic measurements of pelvic incidence and British Medical Research Council neurological function. Univariate statistical analysis was performed in the correlation between age, gender, timing of surgery, reduction quality, comorbid injury, degree of nerve injury and postoperative functional score. Among them, linear correlation analysis was conducted between age and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. The correlation of gender, timing of surgery, reduction quality, comorbid injury, and degree of nerve injury with Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was analyzed with the Chi-square test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 17-38 months. (2) Postoperative evaluation results of Japanese Orthopaedic Association score showed that 4 cases were rated excellent, 5 good, 4 fair and 3 poor. (3) Imaging measurements showed that the pelvic incidence improvement rate of flexion sacral fracture was 78%, and the neutral type and extension type did not improve. (4) British Medical Research Council results demonstrated that neurological injuries were recovered of “excellent” in 5 cases, “good” in 4 and “no changes” in 3 patients. Clinical recovery rate of neurological injury was 75%. (5) Statistical analysis showed that the degree of nerve injury and accompanying anterior pelvic ring injury affected the surgical outcome. (6) It is indicated that the efficacy of surgical treatment of traumatic spinopelvic dissociation is affected by many factors. Based on the treatment of combined injury, the traumatic spinopelvic dissociation should be treated operatively with lumboiliac fixation early to maintenance the stability of spin-pelvic and pelvic ring, and exact decompression for neurological injuries is the key to achieve a satisfactory curative effect.

BACKGROUND: There is limited anterior cervical spine space. Incomplete hemostasis or drainage during artificial cervical total disc replacement can incur a series of complications. Preoperative factors can directly affect the amount of bleeding during spine surgery, while there are no publications aiming at cervical artificial disc replacement. OBJECTIVE: To analyze influencing factors on operation time and hemorrhage in patients undergoing single cervical total disc replacement. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent cervical total disc replacement from October 2012 to December 2017 in Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, were retrospectively enrolled. Pre- and intra-operative related parameters were measured. Primary outcomes included operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage. The secondary outcomes included demographic data such as sex, male and hypertension; surgery-related information such as operated segment, types of cervical spondylosis and artificial prosthesis; parameters in X-ray plain films such as the motion range and cervical lordosis of C2-C7 and index segment, the height of intervertebral disc, MRI classification (Modic classification and Pfirrmann classification) and preoperative functional score. The analysis was performed between primary and secondary outcomes as well as among primary outcomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The average age of 56 patients (30 males and 26 females) was 48.2±9.8 years; operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage were 73.2±13.4 minutes, 51.8±41.2 mL and 7.8±5.3 mL, respectively. (2) There were no differences both in operation time and intraoperative blood loss in terms of demographics, while the drainage was statistically different in various ages (P=0.030). (3) The operation time of Prestige-LP implantation was statistically shorter than that of Mobi-C and Prodisc-C (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the intermittent on taking (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and intraoperative blood loss (r=0.310, P=0.020). The higher intervertebral disc of the operation segment was, the longer operation time was (P=0.028). (4) There was a significant difference in more intraoperative blood loss with osteoporosis compared to the normal ones (P=0.039); while the rest radiological parameters in X-ray were in no relation to primary outcomes, neither were in MRI degree, Modic change and Pfirrmann classification. (5) There was a positive correlation between operation time and intraoperative blood loss (P=0.010) and postoperative drainage (P=0.001). (6) These indicate that the height of intervertebral space can prolong operation time. Osteoporosis is a risk factor for intraoperative blood loss. The longer the operation time is, the more intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage will be.