This paper has analysed the particularity of practice and teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Binding with the change of medical pattern in recent years,the change of relation of doctors and patients as well as the present of "the People's Republic of China Practical Doctor Law"and "Rules of Sitling Malpractice",it has discussed that we should simultaneously think highly of raising to practice ability, reinforcing education of medical ethics, emphasizing legal consciousness and deepening ethics idea during practice teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery,which can ensure well development of interns.

Objective To observe the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on growth of human hair follicles in vitro. Methods NGF was added to the model of human hair follicles in vitro. The length and the DNA synthesis rate of human hair follicles in vitro were measured. Results We found both 100 ?g?L -1 NGF and 125 mg?L -1 minoxidil significantly accelerated the growth of human hair follicles in vitro (P

Background Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) play an important role in the process of type 2 diabetes and its microvascular complications.RAGE gene Gly82Ser exists polymorphism,but the correlation of gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy (DR) needs further research.Objective This study was to investigate the association of Gly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene with DR in Han people of Wuxi area with type 2 diabetic mellitus.Methods One hundred and eighty-five patiens with type 2 diabetes were included in Wuxi district from March 2013 to February 2014.The patients were divided into non DR (NDR) group (93 cases) and DR group (92 cases) according to the DR International Clinical Classification Criteria in 2002,and 120 healthy subjects were included at the same time as the control.All of the subjects received eye examinations,body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurement as well as laboratory tests,including blood biochemical indexes,blood lipids and fasting blood glucose levels.The peripheral blood of 3 ml was collected from each subject,and the genotype and allelic frequencies were assayed by PCR-direct sequencing.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Nanjing Medical University.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.Results The course was significantly longer in the DR group than that in the NDR group (t =2.25,P =0.01).There were two alleles of G and A in the RAGE gene Gly82Ser locus in all the subjects and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (DR group:x2 =0.51,P =0.48;NDR group:x2 =1.38,P =0.24;healthy control group:x2 =0.20,P =0.24).The AA genotype frequency of the subjects in DR group,NDR group and healthy control group were respectively 6.5％,3.2％ and 2.5％,and AA genotype frequency in DR group was higher than that of the NDR group and healthy control group,showing significant intergroup differences (x2 =5.146,P =0.023;x2 =5.039,P =0.037).The distribution of A allele frequency in the DR group was significantly higher than that of NDR group and healthy control group (x2=5.494,P=0.019;x2 =5.235,P =0.023),and the frequencies of G allele and GG genotype in the DR group were lower than those of the NDR and the healthy control group (GG:x2 =4.260,P =0.039;x2 =4.794,P =0.027;G:x2 =5.309,P =0.021;x2 =5.476,P=0.032).No significant differences were seen in the frequencies of genotype and allele of subjects between the NDR group and the healthy control group (AA:x2 =5.346,P=0.127;GG:x2 =6.981,P=0.137;A:x2 =5.618,P =0.082;G:x2 =4.860,P =0.088).Conclusions The Gly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene is associated with the pathogenesis of DR in Han population with type 2 diabetes and A allele may be a risk factor of DR.

Objective To investigate the significance of glomerular deposition of C4d in accessing the severity and prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Methods A total of 131 patients were recruited for the study. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the deposition of C4d in renal tissue of pa?tients with IgA nephropathy,and the relationship between C4d deposition and clinical and pathological parameters and renal remission was ana?lyzed. Results Totally 30 patients had glomerular deposition of C4d. Compared with the patients without C4d deposition,the patients with C4d deposition had significantly higher levels of serum creatinine,urinary protein excretion and C4d and higher prevalence of hypertension,but had sig?nificantly decreased levels of glomerular filtration rates. With the histopathological phenotypes segregated by Lee 's classification,the ratios of C4d deposition presented an increase(P=0.005). The patients with C4d deposition had more severe mesangial proliferation,endocapillary hypercellu?larity,segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubular?interstitial injury. The rates of renal remission were significantly lower in IgA nephropathy patients with C4d deposition than those without C4d deposition(P<0.001). Conclusion IgA nephropathy patients with C4d deposition have more se?vere clinical and pathological manifestations and lower rate of renal remission. Glomerular C4d deposition is expected to be an important pathologi?cal prognostic factor for predicting the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.

Overtreatment is not only an economic phenomenon, but also an ethics problem at the same time. It is precisely a medical - social problem. This paper analyzes the reasons of overtreatment in oral disease from the view of medical elthics. Furthermore, it provides the strategy which the doctor, the patient, the medical establishment and the social shoud be adopted on overtreatment in oral disease.

Objective To study the radiation dose distribution in the X-ray room,and provide the strategy of radiation protection for the medical staff and the patient’s nursing who had to enter the room while the X-ray was exposing.Methods The thermolumi-nescent dosemeters(TLDs)was placed around the center of the X-ray tube with the same level of the bed.Then,exposure parame-ters,including the X-ray tube voltage value and the field of view,were changed for different groups while exposing.All of the TLDs were taken back to the lab for analysis.Results The differences between the two groups which had the same distance in different di-rections were statistically significant (P <0.01).With the same radiographic condition and direction,the radiation dose on the site of 10 cm from X-ray tube center was the maximum,while the site of 120 cm was the minimum.With the same radiographic condition and distance,the radiation dose on the anode side of the X-ray tube in the room was relative lower,while the site behind the X-ray tube was relative higher.With the same voltage value,distance and direction,the same sites that had the smaller FOV(34 cm×34 cm) received lower radiation dose than those with larger FOV(52.6 cm× 52.6 cm).Meanwhile,the sites with the voltage of 70 kV re-ceived the lower radiation dose than that with the voltage value of 120 kV.Conclusion In the X-ray room,the medical staff and the patient’s nursing can choose the area on the right side(anode side),keep far away from the X-ray tube center,avoid the rear of the X-ray tube and the cathodic direction of the X-ray tube to reduce the radiation dose.

Objective To measure the concentration of serum transthyretin (TTR) of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods A total of 176 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study.There were 104 males and 72 females.The patients aged from 21 to 74 years,with the mean age of(56± 11) years.The diabetes duration raged from 1 to 30 years,with the mean diabetes duration of (10 ± 7) years.The HbA 1C was 5.2％-14.1％,with the mean HbA 1C of (8.6 ± 2.0)％.According to the fundus examination,58 patients had DR (33.0％),but the other 118 patients not (67.0％).For these DR patients,10 patients were in stage Ⅰ (5.7％),26 patients in stage Ⅱ (14.8％),8 patients in stage Ⅲ (4.5％),and 14 patients in stage Ⅳ (8.0％).The concentration of serum TTR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay kit.The differences in the concentration of serum TTR between different DR stages were compared.Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of TTR.Results The concentrations of serum TTR of the patients without DR or with DR of stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ were (224.96±65.47),(383.68± 102.99),(247.44±63.21),(228.2 ± 45.89),(189.34± 70.12) mg/L,respectively.The difference between different DR stages was statistically significant (F=14.690,P＜ 0.001).Bivariate analysis showed that the concentration of TTR was correlation to DR (r=0.179,P=0.017).There was no correlation between the concentration of TTR and diabetes duration (r=-0.027,P=0.727),hypertension (r=0.018,P=0.810),hyperlipoidemia (r=0.101,P=0.182),and the use of insulin (r=-0.032,P=0.675).Conclusion The concentration of serum TTR was increased in early DR patients,and gradually decreased with the progression of DR.The concentration of TTR is correlated to DR.

In this study, we compared the three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia versus the three-point bending test of the diaphysial tibia in rats. Twenty 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the ovariectomized (OVX) group and the sham-operated (Sham) group. All rats were housed in standard environmental conditions. Five months after operation, all rats were sacrificed by depletion method. All left tibia were removed for the three-point bending test. The changes of mechanical parameters were examined by the three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia and by that of the diaphysial tibia. Elastic, Maximum Load, Maximum Stress, Failure Load, and Failure Stress of the metaphyseal tibia were much lower in OVX rats than in Sham rats. However, there was no statistically significant difference in all of the mechanical parameters of the diaphysial tibia between the OVX group and the Sham group. The new three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia is much more sensitive and useful as compared with the test of the diaphysial tibia in evaluating the changes of mechanical properties of tibia in osteoporotic rats.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia ; physiology

This study was aimed at observing the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on the microarchitecture of cancellous bone and exploring the influence of microarchitectural change on the biomechanical properties. Thirty 6-month-old unmated female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 rat each): sham-operated control group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX)and Estradiol Benzoate treated group (EBT). All rats were housed in standard environmental conditions. Five months after operation, the rats were sacrificed. The biomechanical properties of the third lumbar vertebras (L3) were measured with compression testing in vitro. Micro-CT scanning was performed on the fourth lumbar vertebras (L4) in vitro. In comparison with the corresponding variables of Sham, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the trabecular number (Tb. N) of OVX were reduced remarkably, and the trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) and the structural model index (SMI) of OVX were enhanced obviously. These facts implicated that the bone trabecular plate-like structure of OVX were decreased. BV/TV, Tb. N and the trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) of EBT were greater than those of OVX. Tb. Sp and SMI of EBT were much smaller than those of OVX. The results of mechanical test showed that the maximum forioe (Fmax), the maximum stress (sigmamax) and the elastic modeulus (E) of the lumbar vertebral cancellous bone of OVX were declined sharply, while the aforesaid biomechanical index of EBT was improved distinctly. The performance of three-dimensional micro-CT and the mechanical testing to assess microarchitecture of cancellous bone are useful for evaluating the state of osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of agents.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the expression and mechanism of miR-1470 in plasma of diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients.Methods Thirty patients with DR (DR group),30 patients with diabetes (DM group) and 30 normal healthy subjects (normal group) were enrolled in the study.Three groups of subjects were taken 5 ml of venous blood,and total plasma RNA was extracted and purified.The differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma of DR patients were screened by gene chip,and the results of gene chip detection were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Bioinformatics was used to predict potential target genes for miRNA regulation,and miR-1470 and its target gene epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were screened.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hREC) were divided into normal group (sugar concentration 5.5 mmol/L) and high glucose group (sugar concentration 25.0 mmol/L).hREC was transfected into miR-1470 mimics to establish a miR-1470 high expression cell model,which was divided into blank control group,high expression group and negative control group.The expression of miR-1470 was detected by RT-PCR.The expression of EGFR protein was detected by Western blot.The measurement data of the two groups were compared using the independent sample t test.The comparison of the measurement data between the two groups was analyzed by ANOVA.The comparison between the measurement data of the groups was compared by multiple comparisons.Results The results of RT-PCR were consistent with those of the gene chip.The expression of miR-1470 in the plasma of the DR group,the DM group and the normal group was statistically significant (F=63.486,P=0.049).Compared with the DM group and the normal group,the expression of miR-1470 in the DR group was significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (q=l 11.2,73.9;P＜0.05).The expression of miR-1470 in hREC in the high glucose group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (t=42.082,P=0.015).The expression of EGFR protein in hREC of high glucose group was significantly higher than that of normal group (t=-39.939,P=0.016).The expression of miR-1470 (F=637.069,P=0.000) and EGFR (F=122.908,P=0.000) protein expression in hREC of blank control group,negative control group and high expression group were statistically significant.Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group,the expression of miR-1470 in hREC of high expression group was significantly increased (q=329.7,328.8;P＜0.05),and the expression of EGFR protein was significantly decreased (q=242.5,234.6;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-1470 and EGFR protein in hREC between the negative control group and the blank control group (q=1.5,7.9;P＞0.05).Conclusion The expression ofmiR-1470 in the plasma of patients with DR is significantly down-regulated,and the increase of EGFR expression may be related to it.