Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of T‐cadherin protein and gene in the mixed cell type of hybrid hodgkin lymphoma .Methods The lymph nodetissue samples were obtained from 45 hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients and 20 reactive hyperplasia lymphoid patients .The expression level of T‐cadherin of these samples were detected by immu‐nohistochemical staining and RT‐PCR .The relationship of clinic pathological features and prognosis in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients were analyzed by the expression level of T‐cadherin .Results The positive expression rates of T‐cadherin in protein hybrid hodgkin lymphoma and reactive hyperplasia lymphoid tissue specimens were 31 .1% (14/45) and 90 .0% (18/20)(P< 0 .05) .T‐cad‐herin mRNA relative expression in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma was significantly lower than reactive hyperplasia lymphoid tis ‐suespecimens(P< 0 .05) .The expression of T‐cadherin was significantly correlated with TNM and lymph node involvement (all P< 0 .05) ,but not significantly correlated with age ,gender ,WBC ,PLT and Hb count ,LDH and IPS grade (all P> 0 .05) .Multiva‐riate logistic regression analysis demonstrated TNM stage and T‐cadherin negative expression were independent factors of lymph node involvement .Log‐rank test revealed the two‐year survival rate in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients of T‐cadherin negative and positive expressionwere 83 .9% and 92 .9% (P> 0 .05) ,three‐year survival rate were 71 .0% and 85 .7% (P> 0 .05) ,five‐year survival rate were 41 .9% and 78 .6% (P< 0 .05) .Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed the five‐year survival in T‐cadherin nega‐tive expressionwas lowersignificantly than T‐cadherin positive expression (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion T‐cadherin was low expression in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma and correlated with TNM and lymph node involvement .T‐cadherin may be a new molecular marker to evaluate the prognosis of hybrid hodgkin lymphoma .

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the genitourinary system and the current therapeutic approaches are unsatisfactory. Urinary cell-free DNA (ucf DNA) has the ability to give comprehensive and crucial information on cancer as it carries genetic messages from cells shedding directly into urine as well as transporting from circulation. The ucf DNA of patients with bladder cancer carries disease information, suggesting that ucf DNA may have the ability to detect, monitor, and prognosticate patients with bladder cancer. The ucf DNA analysis bridges the gap between current techniques and enhances diagnostic and detection capabilities, and has a very promising future in term of translation into clinical practice. This article reviewed the progress of clinical applications of ucf DNA in bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Studies have classified muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) into primary (initially muscle-invasive, PMIBC) and secondary subtypes (initially non-muscle-invasive but progresses, SMIBC), for which controversial survival outcomes were demonstrated. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes between PMIBC and SMIBC patients in China. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with PMIBC or SMIBC at West China Hospital from January 2009 to June 2019 were retrospectively included. Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher tests were employed to compare clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox competing proportional risk model were used to compare survival outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to reduce the bias and subgroup analysis was used to confirm the outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 405 MIBC patients were enrolled, including 286 PMIBC and 119 SMIBC, with a mean follow-up of 27.54 and 53.30 months, respectively. The SMIBC group had a higher proportion of older patients (17.65% [21/119] vs. 9.09% [26/286]), chronic disease (32.77% [39/119] vs . 22.38% [64/286]), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (19.33% [23/119] vs . 8.04% [23/286]). Before matching, SMIBC had a lower risk of overall mortality (OM) (hazard ratios [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.85, P  = 0.005) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.94, P  = 0.022) after the initial diagnosis. However, higher risks of OM (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.10, P  = 0.038) and CSM (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09-2.29, P  = 0.016) were observed for SMIBC once it became muscle-invasive. After PSM, the baseline characteristics of 146 patients (73 for each group) were well matched, and SMIBC was confirmed to have an increased CSM risk (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.09-3.06, P  = 0.021) than PMIBC after muscle invasion. CONCLUSIONS Compared with PMIBC, SMIBC had worse survival outcomes once it became muscle-invasive. Specific attention should be paid to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a high progression risk.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Propensity Score ; Cystectomy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy