There are two kinds of treatments on Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat by transplanting neural stem cells (NSCs),i.e.the replacing cell curing and the gene therapy.By replacing method,the AD rats showed signs of recovering to some extent on both histomorphology and behavior after transplanting NSCs into their brains.Transplanting NSCs along with the nerve nutrition factor (NTFs) showed better curative effects than NSCs transplantation alone.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism involving in the development of NSCs in vivo conditions.And the blindness of the treatment hindered the comparison of various affecting factors.The NSCs gene therapy is still in initial studying,with the effects of both cell replacement and gene therapy.This treatment genetically modified NSCs mainly by unitary nutrition fators such as nerve growth factor (NGF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).And it was almost known nothing about the exogenous gene expression efficiency,the induce differentiation,the restore of function and security after genetically-modified NSCs transplanted into the AD rat brain.The detecting technology of NSCs transplanting curative effects of the AD rat is unitary at present.And the combined method is the developing trend,such as combining the immunohistochemical method with in vivo-tracking,and combining morphology index with the function index.

AIM: To observe the efficacy and side effects of interferon ? 1b (interferon) combined with oxymatrine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: 87 patients were randomly divided into two groups: 45 patients in treatment group were given interferon 30 ?g?d -1 (im) for 4 wk, then 30 ?g?d -1 (im, qod) combined with oxymatrine 600 mg?d -1 (im) for 3 mon; 42 patients in control group were given the same dose of interferon as above only. After completion of therapy, liver function and markers of HBVM were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The rates of ALT decreased to normal range in treatment group and control group were 88.9 % and 60%, respectively (P

Objective To understand the mutations of macrolide resistance gene locus (23S rRNA) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and its correlation with clinical features .Methods A total of 354 respiratory tract samples were collected from children pa-tients with pneumonia .MP and its mutations in 23S rRNA gene locus were detected by real-time PCR .The children cases of MP positive were divided into the mutation group and non-mutation group .Then the clinical data were compared between the two groups .Results Among 354 respiratory tract samples ,166 cases(46 .9% ) were MP positive ,moreover the mutation of 23S rRNA gene locus existed in 135 MP positive samples with the positive detection rate of 81 .3% ,while no 23S rRNA gene locus mutations were detected in 31 samples .Analyzing the clinical data of the mutation group and non-mutation group found that there was no sta-tistical difference in the aspects of age and gender between the two groups .The occurrence rates of severe pneumonia and extrapul-monary complications in the mutation group were higher than those in the non-mutation group (P<0 .05) ,moreover the average hospitalization time and fever duration in the mutation group were longer than those in the non-mutation group (P<0 .05) .Conclu-sion 23S rRNA gene locus mutation has higher detection rate ,prompting that MP shows high resistant rate to macrolides ,which could provide a certain basis for treatment of M P infections .

Objective To understand the drug resistance and antibiotic resistance mechanism ofβ-lactam antibiotics of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Shanghai Children′s Hospital, provides the reference for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods This study is based on the research of the mechanism of drug resistance.62 isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011.Minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of strains to 9 antimicrobial agents were determined by E-test method.The penicillin binding protein coding genes pbp2x, pbp2b, and pbp1a of Streptococcus pneumoniae were amplified by PCR.Then, the correlation between the gene mutation andβ-lactam antibiotics resistant level were analyzed.The murM gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae was amplified by PCR and the correlation of mutation and β-lactam antibiotics resistant level was analyzed.Results Out of 62 strains of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from children, the detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 43.6% (27/62).Between penicillin intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae ( PISP ) ( 100%, 25/25 ) and penicillin sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP) (3/10), the difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp2b conserved sequence was statistically significant (χ2 =21.875, P<0.01).The same situation occurred between penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)(100%, 27/27)and PSSP (3/10) (χ2 =23.310, P<0.01).Also the difference of gene mutation rate of PISP (84%, 21/25) vs PSSP (0) and PSSP (0) vs PRSP (85.2%, 23/27) near or in the pbp2x conserved sequence were statistically significant (χ2 =21.000, P <0.01;χ2 =22.513,P<0.01).The difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp1a conserved sequence and Insertion sequence, which were statistically significant, occurred between PISP and PSSP (χ2 =13.22,P<0.01), between PRSP and PSSP (χ2 =37.000,P<0.01), between PISP and PRSP (χ2 =10.211,P=0.001). MurM gene mutation rate was statistically significant different between the 2 group penicillin MIC≥8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC≥2 mg/L group (95.8%, 23/24) and penicillin MIC<8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC<2 mg/L group (0) (χ2 =56.2,P =0.002 6).Conclusions The resistance phenomenon of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Shanghai Children′s Hospital is serious.The gene mutations of pbps and murM play a role in amide in the beta of antibiotic resistance, and there is a certain correlation with the antibiotic resistance level.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin L-OHP (SOX) in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer.Methods 70 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly divided into trial group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases).The trail group was administered with dose of 130 mg/m2 L-OHP,plus S-1 which was given orally with body surface area (BSA) (BSA＜1.25 m2,80 mg/d; BSA≥ 1.25 m2 and ＜1.5 m2,100 mg/d; BSA≥ 1.50 m2 and ＜1.8 m2,120 mg/d; BSA＞1.8 m2,140 mg/d).This schedule was repeated every 3 weeks.The control group treated by FOLFOX4 regimen (L-OHP was given on d1 with 80 mg/m2 through intravenous,leucovorin was intravenously on d1,2,with 200 mg/m2,5-Fu was intravenously injected on d1,2,with 400 mg/m2,and was administered intravenously 44 hours with 1 200 mg/m2 on d1).This schedule was repeated every 2 weeks.Results The total clinical effective rate had no significant difference in the trail group and control group (51.4 ％,18/35 vs 45.7 ％,16/35) (x2 =0.229,P =0.632).Toxicity,nausea and vomiting rate in the trail group were lower than those in the control group (48.5 ％,16/35 vs 71.4 ％,25/35,68.6 ％,24/35 vs 88.6 ％,31/35,P ＜ 0.05),but hand-foot syndrome and peripheral neurotoxicity rates had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Weight increased significantly after chemotherapy treatment in the two groups (t =2.702 5,P =0.003 9).Conclusion SOX regimen is feasible and safe for advanced colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the isolation of fastidious bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from lower respiratory tract specimens in children.Methods A total of 210 lower respiratory tract specimens from children were collected and inoculated on both blood agar plate and chocolate agar plate 0.5 h,2 h,6 h,12 h,and 24 h after collection.The effect of specimen turnaround time,transport medium,and inoculation medium on the isolation of fastidious bacteria was studied.Results The results of 200 qualified specimens showed that the isolation of S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae significantly decreased with the increasing of specimen turnaround time (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed between 0.5 h and 2 h timepoints.The isolation of fastidious bacteria in semi-solid medium was non-significantly higher than the other two transport medium (P＞0.05).No significant difference was found in the isolation and growth ofS.pneumoniae and H.influenzae on different inoculation media (P＞0.05).Conclusions The appropriate specimen turnaround time,transport medium,and inoculation medium are important for improving the isolation of fastidious bacteria from lower respiratory tract in children.

OBJECTIVEDevelop an LC-MS method to determine evodiamine and rutaecarpine in rats plasma simultaneously. The method was employed to investigate pharmacokinetics of evodiamine and rutaecarpine.

METHODBlood samples were collected in different time after oral administrated with the extracts of Euodiae Fructus, the plasma concentration of evodiamine and rutaecarpine was determined by LC-MS, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 5.1 software.

RESULTThe linear ranges of evodiamine and rutaecarpine were 0.5-100 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.995 9), 1-200 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 3) respectively. The average recovery were exceeded 76% (n = 5), the precision of inner-day and inter-day were less than 15%. The pharmacokinetics parameters AUC, t1/2, CL _F of evodiamine were: (2 215.24 +/- 414.49), (4 230.62 +/- 753.77), (13 219.21 +/- 3 740.95) min x ng(-1) x mL(-1); (146.57 +/- 38.38), (114.38 +/- 14.65), (163.37 +/- 8.83) min; (184 607.29 +/- 32 502.21), (192 878.22 +/- 31 897.37), (19 3224.63 +/- 62 278.74) mL x min(-1). The pharmacokinetics parameters AUC, t1/2, CL_F of rutaecarpine were (2 283.53 +/- 298.51), (4 424.84 +/- 276.95), (14 239.93 +/- 3648.27) min x ng(-1) x mL(-1); (167.10 +/- 15.82), (131.58 +/- 20.07), (144.41 +/- 13.65) min; (1 177 340.54 +/- 2 4942.21), (181 262.92 +/- 11 162.22), (177 508.10 +/- 52 611.80) mL x min(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity, and was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of evodiamine and rutaecarpine. The kinetic process of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in rats in vivo were all yielded to be one-compartment model.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Evodia ; Indole Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Quinazolines ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo develop a LC-MS method to determine paeoniflorin concentration in rats plasma. The method was applied to investigate pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin in rats in vivo.

METHODBlood samples were collected at different time after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g x kg(-1). The paeoniflorin concentration in plasma was determined by LC-MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by WinNonlin 5.1 software package.

RESULTThe linear range and the average recovery of paeoniflorin were 2.5-500 microg x L(-1) (r = 999 4) and more than 80% (n = 5) , respectively. The inner- and inter-days precision were both less than 15%. The T1/2 was similar. The relationship between dose and AUC showed good linearity.

CONCLUSIONThe method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity, and was suitable for pharmacokinetic study of paeoniflorin. The kinetic process of paeoniflorin in palsma showed two-compartment model after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g x kg(-1) to rats.

Animals ; Benzoates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, genotypes and genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolated in Shanghai from April 2020 to December 2021, which was a period from the COVID-19 outbreak to the phase of regular epidemic prevention and control.Methods:This retrospective study collected the nasopharyngeal secretions or nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) admitted to the Shanghai Children′s Hospital from April 2020 to December 2021. PCR-capillary electrophoresis and RT-PCR were used for virus identification and the amplification of the gene fragment of the second hypervariable region of RSV G protein. Homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using bioinformatics software. Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of RSV. Results:A total of 6 211 samples were collected and 13.62% (846/6 211) of them were positive for RSV. The positive rates of RSV in male and female patients were 14.07% (503/3 574) and 13.01% (343/2 637), respectively, with no significant gender difference (χ 2=1.467, P=0.226). The highest detection rate of RSV was found in children ≤6 months of age, and the rate of RSV infection decreased gradually with age (χ 2=352.942, P<0.001). No RSV-positive specimens were detected from April 2020 to August 2020, after which the detection rate of RSV gradually increased with two epidemic peaks occurring from December 2020 to February 2021 and from August to October 2021. The predominant epidemic subtype was RSV subtype B in 2020 and the first 9 months of 2021, which was gradually replaced by RSV subtype A in the last 3 months of 2021. The 176 strains of RSV subtype A obtained in this study were all ON1 genotype, and the nucleotide homology of the Shanghai epidemic strains was 90.20%-99.50%. All of the 250 strains of RSV subtype B were BA9 genotype, and the nucleotide homology of the Shanghai epidemic strains was 90.10%-100.00%. Conclusions:From April 2020 to December 2021, with the regular prevention and control of COVID-19, there is a change in the epidemic season of RSV. The prevalent genotypes of RSV subtypes A and B are ON1 and BA9, respectively, and the subtype A gradually replaces subtype B as the most prevalent subtype.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC).Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 80 patients with UTUC admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2013 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent UTUC radical surgery.All patients were treated with GC regimen:1,8,and 15 days,Gemcitabine 800 mg/m2,intravenous infusion over 30 min;day 2 Cisplatin 70 mg/m2,protected from light 2 h intravenous drip;28 d for 1 cycle.Adjuvant treatments such as acid suppression,hydration,and antiemetic were given before and after chemotherapy.Patients completed 1 to 5 cycles with an average of 2 cycles.The patient's age,gender,presence or absence of water,primary tumor site,tumor stage and grade,lymphatic vascular infiltration,tumor recurrence,lymph node metastasis,organ metastasis,chemotherapy cycle,total Survival,etc.are used as indicators ofobservation.Univariate analysis of the patient's overall survival,screening for clinical variables associated with prognosis,and then using the COX proportional hazards model for multivariate prognostic analysis to determine independent influencing factors.Results Eighty patients with UTUC were followed up for 2 to 72 months with a median follow-up of 27 months.Sixteen patients (20％) died of UTUC recurrence or metastasis,and 64 (80％) patients survived.The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 78.26％ (18/23),and the 2-year cumulative survival rate was 54.18％ (9/13 ×78.26％),the 3-year cumulative survival rate was 39.41％ (8/1 1 × 54.18％),the 4-year cumulative survival rate was 31.53％ (12/15 × 39.41％),and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 28.66％ (10/11 × 31.53％).Univariate analysis showed combined hydronephrosis (P =0.023),lymphatic vessel infiltration (LVI) (P =0.001),tumor TNM stage (P =0.002),tumor recurrence (P =0.008),simple lymph node metastasis (P =0.005),organ metastasis (P ＜ 0.001) was related to survival rate.COX model multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors associated with survival of patients with UTUC receiving chemotherapy with GC regimen were hydronephrosis (HR =4.355,95％CI:1.232-15.390,P=0.022),LVI (HR =0.133,95％ CI:0.035-0.509,P=0.003),TNM stage (HR=0.099,95％CI:0.010-0.929,P=0.043).Conclusion The presence or absence of hydronephrosis,LVI,and tumor TNM staging are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with UTUC who have adjuvant chemotherapy.