AIM: To observe the efficacy and side effects of interferon ? 1b (interferon) combined with oxymatrine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: 87 patients were randomly divided into two groups: 45 patients in treatment group were given interferon 30 ?g?d -1 (im) for 4 wk, then 30 ?g?d -1 (im, qod) combined with oxymatrine 600 mg?d -1 (im) for 3 mon; 42 patients in control group were given the same dose of interferon as above only. After completion of therapy, liver function and markers of HBVM were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The rates of ALT decreased to normal range in treatment group and control group were 88.9 % and 60%, respectively (P

Objective To understand the drug resistance and antibiotic resistance mechanism ofβ-lactam antibiotics of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Shanghai Children′s Hospital, provides the reference for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods This study is based on the research of the mechanism of drug resistance.62 isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011.Minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) of strains to 9 antimicrobial agents were determined by E-test method.The penicillin binding protein coding genes pbp2x, pbp2b, and pbp1a of Streptococcus pneumoniae were amplified by PCR.Then, the correlation between the gene mutation andβ-lactam antibiotics resistant level were analyzed.The murM gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae was amplified by PCR and the correlation of mutation and β-lactam antibiotics resistant level was analyzed.Results Out of 62 strains of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from children, the detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 43.6% (27/62).Between penicillin intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae ( PISP ) ( 100%, 25/25 ) and penicillin sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP) (3/10), the difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp2b conserved sequence was statistically significant (χ2 =21.875, P<0.01).The same situation occurred between penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)(100%, 27/27)and PSSP (3/10) (χ2 =23.310, P<0.01).Also the difference of gene mutation rate of PISP (84%, 21/25) vs PSSP (0) and PSSP (0) vs PRSP (85.2%, 23/27) near or in the pbp2x conserved sequence were statistically significant (χ2 =21.000, P <0.01;χ2 =22.513,P<0.01).The difference of gene mutation rate near the pbp1a conserved sequence and Insertion sequence, which were statistically significant, occurred between PISP and PSSP (χ2 =13.22,P<0.01), between PRSP and PSSP (χ2 =37.000,P<0.01), between PISP and PRSP (χ2 =10.211,P=0.001). MurM gene mutation rate was statistically significant different between the 2 group penicillin MIC≥8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC≥2 mg/L group (95.8%, 23/24) and penicillin MIC<8 mg/L or ceftriaxone MIC<2 mg/L group (0) (χ2 =56.2,P =0.002 6).Conclusions The resistance phenomenon of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Shanghai Children′s Hospital is serious.The gene mutations of pbps and murM play a role in amide in the beta of antibiotic resistance, and there is a certain correlation with the antibiotic resistance level.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC).Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 80 patients with UTUC admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2013 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent UTUC radical surgery.All patients were treated with GC regimen:1,8,and 15 days,Gemcitabine 800 mg/m2,intravenous infusion over 30 min;day 2 Cisplatin 70 mg/m2,protected from light 2 h intravenous drip;28 d for 1 cycle.Adjuvant treatments such as acid suppression,hydration,and antiemetic were given before and after chemotherapy.Patients completed 1 to 5 cycles with an average of 2 cycles.The patient's age,gender,presence or absence of water,primary tumor site,tumor stage and grade,lymphatic vascular infiltration,tumor recurrence,lymph node metastasis,organ metastasis,chemotherapy cycle,total Survival,etc.are used as indicators ofobservation.Univariate analysis of the patient's overall survival,screening for clinical variables associated with prognosis,and then using the COX proportional hazards model for multivariate prognostic analysis to determine independent influencing factors.Results Eighty patients with UTUC were followed up for 2 to 72 months with a median follow-up of 27 months.Sixteen patients (20％) died of UTUC recurrence or metastasis,and 64 (80％) patients survived.The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 78.26％ (18/23),and the 2-year cumulative survival rate was 54.18％ (9/13 ×78.26％),the 3-year cumulative survival rate was 39.41％ (8/1 1 × 54.18％),the 4-year cumulative survival rate was 31.53％ (12/15 × 39.41％),and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 28.66％ (10/11 × 31.53％).Univariate analysis showed combined hydronephrosis (P =0.023),lymphatic vessel infiltration (LVI) (P =0.001),tumor TNM stage (P =0.002),tumor recurrence (P =0.008),simple lymph node metastasis (P =0.005),organ metastasis (P ＜ 0.001) was related to survival rate.COX model multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors associated with survival of patients with UTUC receiving chemotherapy with GC regimen were hydronephrosis (HR =4.355,95％CI:1.232-15.390,P=0.022),LVI (HR =0.133,95％ CI:0.035-0.509,P=0.003),TNM stage (HR=0.099,95％CI:0.010-0.929,P=0.043).Conclusion The presence or absence of hydronephrosis,LVI,and tumor TNM staging are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with UTUC who have adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the effect of 14-3-3 β gene on biological behavior ofglioma cell line and its mechanism.Methods Conventional cultured SVGp12,U251,U87 and SHG-44 cell lines and U251 cells silenced by 14-3-3[β-small interfering RNA (siRNA) were collected; real time-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the 14-3-3β gene and protein expressions in these cells.Conventional cultured U251 cells at logarithmic phase were divided into three groups:experimental group (14-3-3β-siRNA transfection),negative control group (siRNA transfection) and blank control group; 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the proliferation of U251 cells,flow cytometry was used to test the cell apoptosis,and cell migration was analyzed by Transwell chamber assay.Results As compared with those in the normal glial cells,14-3-3β gene and protein expression levels in the glioma cells were significantly higher (P＜0.05); as compared with negative control and blank control groups,U251 cells in the experimental group had significantly decreased gene and protein expressions of 14-3-3β,decreased proliferation and migration abilities,significantly increased apoptosis rate and p53 mRNA level (P＜0.05).Conclusion Silence of 14-3-3 β gene decreases U251 cells proliferation and migration through p53 mediated pathway; consequently,a new explanation about how 14-3-3 β regulates glioma cells proliferation and migration can be clarified,and a potential target for glioma treatment can be provided.

Objective To investigate the relation between the characteristics of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration and the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 126 patients with triple-negative breast cancer undergoing preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the relation between CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration and clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and Cox risk ratio regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival time (DFS). Results High-density CD8+Tils was associated with age < 60 years old, high pathological grade and high clinical stage (P < 0.05). The pCR rate of high-density CD8+Tils group was higher than that of the low-density group (66.7% vs. 19.8%, P=0.000). The median DFS of the high-density group was significantly longer than that of the low-density group (49 vs. 25 months, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high pathological grade, tumor diameter > 2 cm, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and CD8+Tils low-density infiltration were factors for poor prognosis (P < 0.05), and CD8+Tils was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion CD8+Tils may be an independent prognostic indicator for triple-negative breast cancer. The patients with high-density infiltration have high postoperative pCR rate, long DFS and better long-term efficacy.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of 7.5 Fr and 9.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopy in the primary treatment of upper urinary tract calculi with maximum diameter<1.5 cm.Methods:Using a prospective randomized controlled study method, 96 patients with upper urinary tract calculi with maximum diameter<1.5 cm admitted to the Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2020 to May 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method: the experimental group and the control group, with 48 patients in each group. The experimental group patients underwent 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, while the control group patients underwent 9.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Collect preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data from these patients, including success rate of ureteral access sheath insertion, surgical time, lithotripsy time, stone-free rate, ureteral injury status, and complications status. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), Student- t test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparison of count data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparison of rank data. Results:The success rate of primary sheath insertion in the experimental group was 93.8% (45/48), and that in the control group was 79.2% (38/48), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of surgical time [(52.0±11.0) min vs (55.1±11.4) min, P>0.05] and lithotripsy time [(26.0±9.3) min vs (23.7±8.7) min, P>0.05]. At four weeks after surgery, the stone-free rate in the experimental group was 93.3% (42/45), while that in the control group was 97.4% (37/38), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). In terms of the degree of ureteral injury, there were 17 patients had grade 0 injury, 27 patients had grade 1 injury, 4 patients had grade 2 injury, and no patient had grade 3 injury in the experimental group; there were 9 patients had grade 0 injury, 23 patients had grade 1 injury, 13 patients had grade 2 injury, and 3 patients had grade 3 injury in the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In terms of complications, there were 22 cases of hematuria, 9 cases of pain, 8 cases of bladder spasm, and 2 cases of mild fever in the experimental group; there were 24 cases of hematuria, 12 cases of pain, 9 cases of bladder spasm, and 1 case of mild fever in the control group; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopy and 9.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopy in the primary treatment of upper urinary tract calculi with maximum diameter<1.5 cm can achieve good stone-free rates, but the 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscopy has a higher success rate of sheath insertion and less damage to the ureter.