Objective To study the genetic relationship among Dioscorea zingiberensis with different diosgenin content at DNA level.Methods DNA of all types was amplified by 12 random primers from 40 random primers,the polymorphic bands of RAPD were counted.And the results of types were analysed by POPGENE 1.31(Tool for Population Genetic Analysis 1.31) software.Results A total of 73 bands was obtained,64 of total bands(87.67%) was polymorphic.The results indicated that there were apparent and abundant genetic variations in D.zingiberensis. Conclusion The formation and accumulation of diosgenin could be affected significantly by the genetic basis of D.zingiberensis.