Objective To learn the species distrilbution and drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli among bloodstream infections (BSI) in Yunnan province of China during 2012 to 2014.Methods Bloodstream infected Gram-negative bacilli were collected from 28 general hospitals in Yunan province of China.Data from all hospitals were applied with the same method of bacteria culture,isolation,identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests.WHONET 5.6 was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results A total of 9042 clinical strains of non-repetitive gram-negative bacilli were collected.Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenter bacteria accounted for 82.4％ and 17.6％ respectively.Enterobacteriaceae were mainly composed of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Non-fermenter bacteria were mainly composed of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aerouginosa.Escherichia coli accounted for the majority 49.29％,other species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.17％,Acinetobacter baumannii 4.04％ and Pseudomonas aeroginosa 3.85％.The susceptible rate of Enterobacteriaceae strains to the first generation cephalosporin was lower than 60％.The susceptible rate of E coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to impenem was close to 100％,to Amikacin was more than 85％,to piperacillin-tazobactam was more than 70％,to Cefepime was more than 70％.But the susceptible rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to impnem and amikacin decreased year by year from 2012 to 2014.The susceptible rate of Enterobacter cloacae to Amikacin was 86.4％ ～ 93.6％,Ciprofloxacin 70.5 ～ 76％,Cefepime 72.1 ～ 82.8％.It was less than other Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics was much lower than Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa to Impnem was 58.9％,Tobramycin 85％,Ciprofloxacin 71.7％,Amikacin 82.9％,Piperacillintazobactam 75.3％,Piperacillin59.6％,Atreonam 46.5％,Ceftazidime 69.1％ and Cefepime 68.9％ respectively.Furthermore,Acinetobacter baumannii's durg-resistance was more severe.The susceptible rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was lower than 30％,to the third and fourth generation cephalosporin,the susceptible rate of Ampicillin/Sulbactam,Cefoperazone/Sulbactam,Carbapenems,Piperacillin/Tazuobatan,Quinolones and Carbapenems was less than 40％.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli have low susceptibilities among BSI.E.coli is the most common pathegon among BSI.The resistant rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics is severe in hospitals.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and the drug resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) during past 3 years in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and to provide evidence for clinical treatment of PAE infection.Methods The isolated PAE strains from 2010 to 2012 in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the MIC and the KB method,and thus, the ward distribution and the drug resistance rates and the changing trend were respectively analyzed by WHONET 5.5 software, and statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0 SOFTWARE. Results Within the three years, a total of 208 strains, 260 strains and 280 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated separately in 2010,2011and 2012. A total of 746 PAE strains were isolated in 3 years,in which the most common specimens were sputum (79.8%), followed by the throat swab (7.6%) and the urine (6.2%) . When it came to the ward distribution , ICU was the primary, which accounted for (32.4%), followed by the department of cadre sanatorium (27.7%), the department of respiratory medicine (12.2%) and the department of neurosurgery (6.8%) . Besides imipenem, Cefoperazone-sulbactam and aztreonam, the others were obviously in a decreasing trend in drug resistances. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, the resistances rates of imipenem were ( 65.2%) , ( 74.2%) and ( 69.5%) , respectively, the resistances rates of Cefoperazone-sulbactam were (48.0%), (48.7%) and (55.8%), and the the resistances rates of aztreonam were (72.2%), (78.2%) and (72.4%) . Amikacin,piperacillin-tazobactam,Cefoperazone-sulbactam were the most active antimicrobial agents against P.aeruginosa. Conclusions The PAE is an important source of infection, ICUs are the focus of interest for resistance monitoring and control. Antimicrobial resistance of PAE is fairly serious. Clinicians should select appropriate antibiotic therapy based on sensitivity testing.The therapeutic strategy should he adapted according to the local ecology of resistance to control the epidemic of the drug- resistance strains and hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from pregnant woman′s urine samples.Methods The urine samples of pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination were collected and cultured.VITEK2 automatic bacterial analyzer was used to identify the bacteria strains,and Escherichia coli ,Streptococcus agalac-tiae were tested for their drug susceptibility.Results The positive rates of urine culture were 4.4%和 3.8% respectively in 2011 and 2012.The top 5 most isolated strains were Escherichia coli ,S .agalactiae ,Enterococcus faecalis ,K .pneumoniae and Propeus vulgaris .In 2011 and 2012,the resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin and piperacillin was more than 50%,ESBLs-produ-cing rate in Escherichia coli had decreased in 2012 than 2011,the resistance rates of S.agalactiae to erythromycin and clindamycin were more than 30%.Conclusion Escherichia coli accounted for the largest proportion in the strains isolated from urine samples of pregnant women,The pathogen of urinary tract infection in pregnant women are still mainly Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia co-li),the main pathogens common antibiotics are varying degrees of resistance,pathogens all display common drug resistance of var-ying degrees.