Preterm birth is the main factor affecting the lives and quality of life for premature infants,which is also the main cause for a large economic burden on family,society and medical system.It has been confirmed that the bad neurodevelopment outcome can be effectively prevented by early intervention programs,which are including therapeutic developmental interventions targeting the infants,as well as psychosocial support and education for parents.This review summarizes early intervention programs for improving developmenr outcome in recent years.

Debates over PBL have never stopped since its introduction to medical education in 1969 and are even becoming more heated.This paper expounds on the origin and definition of PBL,and then describes and analyzes the application of the clinical teaching in orthopedic surgery.

Objective:To study the preventive effect of drinking green tea on serum lipids and obesity of middle aged people. Method:Total of 3 317 middle-aged people were ascertained by a questionnaire, and their serum lipids were measured at their health examination. Results:Consumption of green tea significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (P

Objective To investigate the pathological change in articular cartilages after firearm injury.Methods Four rabbits from 28 New Zealand healthy rabbits were chosen as control group and subjected to joint capsule incision only. Another 24 rabbits were equally divided into 6 experimental groups( groups B to G) and subjected to medial femoral condyle cartilage surface damage by the nail gun.After the operation, their specimens were collected after 6 h,3 d,7 d,14 d,28 d and 56 d, respectively.Tissue sections were observed and stained by HE staining and toluidine blue staining.The histolopathological changes in articular cartilage after firearm injury were detected.Results The color of articular cartilages in experimental groups became lighter, the cell number increased but then decreased, the articular cartilage layer disappeared, the cell shape became uneven, cells began to cluster and the Mankin score increased, and the statistical differences between experimental groups and control group were significant.Conclusion The histological pathological changes in articular cartilages after fiream injury seem to follow some pattern.The degeneration seems obvious after 7 days and then becomes heavier.

Objective To compare sodium supplement and sodium restriction to the effect of the extinction and prognosis of liver cirrhosis ascites, and research the relationship between live cirrhosis ascites and plasma sodium.Methods 119 liver cirrhosis patients were randomly divided into 2 groups :60 cases of sodium supplement and 59 cases of sodium restriction. 60 cases of sodium supplement was kept low-salt diet and intravenous sodium chloride supplement(3 ～5 g/d) ,59 cases of sodium restriction was only kept low-salt diet. Plasma sodium,plasma chloride,urine sodium, urine sodium chloride were detected before treatment, and 6 days, 10 days after treatment respectively. And the urine quantity,extinction of ascites and prognosis were compared. Results There were significant differences on the increase of plasma sodium,plasma chloride,urine sodium,urine chloride and urine quantity after treatment in two groups. Extinction time of ascites was shorter in group of sodium supplement. The morbidity and fatality rate of hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome in the group of sodium supplement were lower than that in the group of sodium restriction. Conclusion Sodium supplement should be adapted when using diuretic agent to help the extinction of ascites, and to improve recovery.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the resistance feature and the distribution of Enterococcus species isolated from bile specimens.METHODS Totally 715 samples of bile in intra-operation were cultured,and the drug resistances were tested.RESULTS From them 511 strains in 469 cases were detected out(65.6%),among whith 156 were Enterococcus strains and 159 were strains of Escherichia coli.The mixed infection with two kinds of germs was found in 35 cases.The results of drug susceptibility showed the resistant rates of Enterococcus faecalis to penicillin and high concentration gentamicin were lower than those of E.faecium.None of E.faecalis,and E.faecium resisted to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The detective rate of the Enterococcus is high in bile samples.The results reveal a different resistance to common antibiotics,but a high sensistivity to vancomycin and teicoplanin.The result of antibiotic susceptibility testing guides rational use of antibacterial agents.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of gelatin sponge particles(GSP)or polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data on 271 patients with bronchiectasis- or tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and rates of recurrence and complications were analyzed. Results A total 271 patients were included in this study, 176 of whom suffered from bronchiectasis and the rest 95 had tuberculosis. One-week cure rate was signifi-cantly higher in bronchiectasis group than in tuberculosis group(73.3%vs. 46.3%,P<0.05),and one-year recur-rence rate was significantly lower in bronchiectasis group(17.6%vs. 26.3%,P<0.05). One-year recurrence rate was slightly higher in patients receiving GSP than in those undergoing PVA(bronchiectasis group:22.2%vs. 10.3%, P<0.05;tuberculosis group:28.8%vs. 22.2%,P>0.05). No severe complications occurred. Conclusions In-terventional artery embolization therapy for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis is better than tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis,and PVA is more effective than GSP. Recurrence of massive hemoptysis mostly occurrs within one month ,and most of the patients are complicated with blood supply and have a history of hemoptysis.

Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services

Archives ; Humans ; Occupational Health

As a crucial part of the DNA damage repair process,the expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1 )is closely related to the genesis and development of gastric cancer.Studies find that ERCC1 gene polymorphism can alter the expression of the gene itself,which affects the sensitivity and efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.Therefore,the detection of ERCC1 polymorphism may guide the indi-vidualized chemotherapy of the patients with gastric cancer.