BACKGROUNDThe order and mechanism of pathological changes in acetabular dysplasia are still unclear. This study investigated cartilage changes in rabbit acetabular dysplasia models at different ages.

METHODSTwenty-seven 1-month-old New Zealand rabbits underwent cast immobilization of the left hind limb in knee extension. Serial acetabular dysplasia models were established by assessment of the acetabular index and Sharp's angle on radiographs. The thickness of the acetabular cartilage was measured under a microscope, and fibrosis was observed. Ultrastructural changes were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The messenger RNA expression of collagen I and II, β1 integrin, and caspase-9 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSIn an immature group of rabbits, the acetabular index of the treated hip increased with animal growth. The cartilage on the brim of the left acetabulum was significantly thicker than that on the right side. The collagen fibrils on the surface of the cartilage became gross, and the chondrocytes in the enlargement layer underwent necrosis. In a mature group of rabbits, the left Sharp's angle increased in the rabbits with 6-week casting. The cartilage on the brim of the left acetabulum underwent fibrosis. The chondrocytes were weakly stained, and the number of lysosomes was much larger than normal. The messenger RNA expression of collagen I and II, β1 integrin, and caspase-9 in the cartilage differed significantly at different ages.

CONCLUSIONSIncreasing thickness followed by fibrosis may be the order of pathological cartilage changes in acetabular dysplasia, with changes in ultrastructure and collagen expression contributing to the process.

Acetabulum ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Fibrosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits

The study compared the traditional medical microbiology experimental teaching with a new experimental teaching pattern,with the students majoring in anaesthesia as the research object. The new pattern mainly deals with the cultivation of the students' creativity by reforming and exploring the plan,the content,the method of experimental teaching and the ways of checking the students' work, adding general and designing experiment,and working out the PPT of the experiments.The result shows the new experimental teaching pattern contributes to the cultivation of the students'abilities of performing experiment, the ways of thinking, creativity and comprehensive analysis. It's better than the traditional experimental teaching pattern.A new medical microbiology experimental teaching systerm which is suit to the students majoring in anaesthesia has been established.

Objective To improve our understanding concerning radiographic manifestations of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia(COP).Methods The diagnosis of cryptogenie organizing pneumonia was made based on clinical and radiological features,and was verified with lung biopsy and pathological examination in 23 eases.All data were analyzed and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results CT scans revealed multi-patch shadows,patchy air-space consolidations in 15 cases,often located in predominantly subpleural and(or)both inferior lungs,with or ground-glass opacities,bronehieetasis,and cords.Lesion sites changed over time in some patients.Cortieosteroid treatment led to significant improvement in most cases.Conclusions The diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia required the converging evidence from clinical and radilogieal manifestations as well as pathologies.It is important to appreciate CT manifestations of COP.

Objective To observe the activities of serum peroxidase capacity,and lipid peroxidation of children from Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) areas of Xinghai county in Qinhai province,and to explore the relationship between antioxidant capacity and KBD.Methods Sixty four KBD and forty six health subjects without KBD were chosen from KBD endemic areas,which included primary schools of Tangnaihai,Xialujuan and Qushian of Xinghai county in Qinghai province,and fifty nine age-matched healthy control subjects without KBD were from a non-KBD endemic area,Nanfan primary school of Chang'an county in Shaanxi province.Twenty patients with KBD and twenty control subjects from KBD areas and non-KBD area were extracted by simple random sampling method.2,3-DAN fluorescence technique was used to test the hair and blood selenium.The biochemical techniques were used to test the indicators of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde(MDA),antioxidant enzyme activities,total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx).ResultsAll patients with KBD had significantly lower serum GSH-Px activities[ (59.53 ± 25.23)kU/L] and selenium levels in hair[ (67.64 ± 17.28)μg/L] and blood[(36.27 ± 13.29)μg/L],respectively,than that of control subjects from KBD areas [ ( 91.88 ± 22.99 ) kU/L,( 153.32 ± 24.31 ) μg/L,( 63.06 ± 13.66) μg/L ] and nonKBD areas[ ( 122.68 ± 41.74)kU/L,(242.35 ± 38.56)μg/L,(98.93 ± 17.18)μg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].Serum MDA levels in KBD patients[ (4.64 ± 1.11 )μmol/L] were significantly higher than that in control subjects from KBD [(3.31 ± 1.22)μmol/L] and non-KBD areas[ (3.43 ± 1.29)μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].On the other hand,T-AOC,SOD and CAT activities were significantly higher in both KBD[(19.80 ± 6.64),(55.80 ± 8.14),(16.45 ± 5.61 ) kU/L] and control subjects[ (21.71 ± 8.82),(57.45 ± 6.96),(15.63 ± 9.18)kU/L] from KBD areas than that of control subjects from non-KBD area[ (13.56 ± 5.38),(42.79 ± 8.10),(6.05 ± 2.71 )kU/L,all P ＜ 0.05 ].Hair selenium levels,blood selenium levels and GSH-Px activity of control subjects from KBD areas were,respectively,significantly lower than that in control subjects from non-KBD area(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These findings strongly confirm the evidence that KBD patients are susceptible to oxidative stress.The results also show the increase in antioxidant enzymes,which could probably be due to adaptive response to pro-oxidant in KBD state.Hence,there seems to be an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems in KBD patients.

Bilingual teaching is adapted to the development of higher education in china.Based on actual fact of college,teaching mode,evaluation and effect of bilingual teaching on medical microbiology were studied,which started with necessity of bilingual teaching to use original edition teaching material in English. The result would provide some gist to choice the suitable pattern of bilingual teaching for other subject of our college.

To develop Students' Practical Ability according to the teaching requirement and culture aim of preventive medicine major,the teaching plan,teaching content,teaching methods,and experimental check-ing methods were explored and the experimental teaching pattern of medical microbiology adapted to pre-ventive medicine major was constructed.The investigation showed that the experimental teaching pattern helped to cultivate the students' operating ability,thinking of scientific research and ability of aggregate and solving analysis.Moreover,it helped to develop the students' co-operative consciousness and team spirit.It indicated that the new pattern was superior to the traditional experimental teaching.

OBJECTIVETo study therapeutic effects of retrograde locked intramedullary nail for the treatment of middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft.

METHODSFrom October 2002 to February 2005, 21 patients with middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft were treated with AO retrograde locked intramedullary nail. Among the patients, 13 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 23 to 56 years, with an average of 34.5 years. Nineteen patients were fresh fractures, and 2 patients were old fractures. Eleven patients had middle fractures of humeral shaft, and other 10 patients had distal fractures of humeral shaft. Two patients with old fractures were non-union and treated with autoallergic bone grafting; 5 patients combined with radial nerve injury underwent exploration. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Constant-Murley shoulder score and Mayo elbow score.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, ranging from 18 to 24 months, with an average of 20.8 months. The fractures were healed except 1 patient with old fracture and 1 patient with extremely distal acute fracture. The shoulders and elbows had satisfactory recovery except 1 patient with old fracture. The mean Constant-Murley score was (83.6 +/- 13.4) points (50-97), 12 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 4 fair and no bad; the mean Mayo elbow score was (88.6 +/- 9.8) points (65-95), 13 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 3 fair and no bad.

CONCLUSIONThe retrograde locked intramedullary nail offers an ideal treatment method for middle and distal fractures of humeral shaft. Strict operative indication, precise surgical techniques and stable locking are the keys to a successful treatment results.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Elbow Joint ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To determine effects of T-2 toxin and selenium on expression of aggrecanase in human chondrocyte.Methods Human chondrocytes were treated with T-2 toxin(0,1,10,20 μg/L),and/or sodium selenite(final concentration of selenium 0,0.1 mg/L) for 5 days.Aggrecan expression was determined by Western blotting,aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR.ResultsSelenium and T-2 toxin had effects on both aggrecan protein levels and its aggrecanases(include aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2 ) mRNA levels(F =0.294,27.71 for aggrecan,F =107.45,362.25 for aggrecanase-l,F =34.68,22.26 for aggrecanase-2,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),and there was interaction between selenium and T-2 toxin on aggrecan,aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2 expression(F =79.99,230.76,388.33,all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,selenium presented significant antagonism to T-2 toxin on aggrecan,aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2 expression.Aggrecan expression levels(0.278 ± 0.015,0.235 ± 0.029,0.195 ± 0.028,0.399 ± 0.028,0.299 ± 0.020,0.263 ±0.019) induced by both 1,10,20 μg/L T-2 toxin and 0,0.1 mg/L selenium were significantly decreased than the levels(0.472 ± 0.0358,0.197 ± 0.018,all P ＜ 0.05) in control group(0 mg/L toxin).Selenium partially blocked the effects induced by 1,10,and 20 μg/L T-2 toxin(all P＜ 0.05).One,10,20 μg/L T-2 toxin and 0,0.1 mg/L selenium increased both aggrecanase-1 mRNA levels(0.535 ± 0.033,1.071 ± 0.043,1.454 ± 0.058,1.057 ±0.048,0.555 ± 0.036,0.902 ± 0.045) and aggrecanase-2 mRNA levels(0.596 ± 0.038,0.656 ± 0.033,0.949 ±0.049,0.600 ± 0.040,0.453 ± 0.031,0.164 ± 0.011),when compared with control(0.481 ± 0.023,0.346 ±0.020 for aggrecanase-1 and 0.387 ± 0.020,1.021 ± 0.046 for aggrecanase-2,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Selenium partially blocked 10,20 μg/L T-2 toxins induced upregulation of aggrecanase-1 (all P ＜ 0.05) and aggrecanase-2 (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions These data suggest a possible molecular mechanism that T-2 toxin could induce cartilage matrix degradation through the upregulation of aggrecanases expression and enzyme activities.Trace element selenium has some protective effect on cartilage proteoglycan degradation induced by T-2 toxins.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between traditional classification and Lavin-Osband criteria on Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and to evaluate the importance of the criteria in clinical management and long-term prognosis of Lavin-Osband criteria.

METHODSFrom 1992 to 2003, 25 cases of LCH were studied. All cases were divided into four types by traditional classification and graded according to Lavin-Osband criteria simultaneously. All patients were analyzed with clinical manifestation, laboratory test, diagnoses, treatment and prognosis. The case numbers distributed in different Lavin-Osband criteria were summed up, and the advantage of the criteria was analyzed.

RESULTSThe clinical manifestations according to the traditional classification (four types) overlapped mostly. The age of onset of the disease, the number of involved organs and the function of organs were all considered in the Lavin-Osband criteria, which also contained the characters of the traditional classification and could classify the cases into different severities. So Lavin-Osband criteria could predict the outcome of LCH. According to the traditional classification there were 10 cases with type I LCH, which was all graded to the criteria III and IV (100%), and there were 8 (80%) of criteria IV and none of criteria I and II. The situation was called "low type high criteria". There were 6 cases belong to LCH-II, of them 3 (50%) graded to the criteria III and 1 to the other criteria (17%), respectively. There were 4 cases with LCH-III, of them 3 (75%) graded to the criteria I and II, 1 (25%) to the criteria III and none to the criteria IV. There were 5 cases with LCH-IV, of them 4 (80%) graded to the criteria I and II, 1 (20%) to the criteria III and none to the criteria IV. This situation was called "high type low criteria".

CONCLUSIONThe Lavin-Osband criteria seemed to be simple, clear and easy to be handled and related to the severity of the disease, which will simplify the diagnoses, help the early-treatment and judge the prognosis.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVETo study the role of different lymphadenectomy in the treatment of selected clinical-stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSAll 115 postoperative patients admitted from January 1997 to May 2002 with pathologic-stage T1 who had been preoperatively diagnosed as clinical-stage I A non-small cell lung cancer were divided into a radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LA) group and a mediastinal lymph node sampling (LS) group. Impacts on morbidity, N staging, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated in each group respectively. Associations between clinical-pathological parameters (age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, pathological type and lymph node metastases) and OS, DFS were analyzed. The cumulative OS and DFS was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test.

RESULTSThe mean number of dissected lymph nodes was (15.98 +/- 3.05) in LA group and (6.48 +/- 2.16) in LS group with a significant difference (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference existed in modification of N staging, OS and DFS between LA group and LS group. However, for patients with lesions of a diameter more than 2 cm, 5-year OS in LA group was significantly higher than that in LS groups (LA vs. LS = 78.2% vs. 54.5% ,P < 0.05), also 5-year DFS was significantly higher (LA vs. LS = 75.1% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.05). For patients with lesions of 2 cm or less, 5-year OS and 5-year DFS were similar in both groups. The early surgery-related parameters (duration of surgery, drain secretion and morbidity) indicated a slighter invasion in LS group. In addition, patients with large cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma were associated with significantly poor 5-year OS (P < 0.05) , and patients with lymph node metastases were associated with poor 5-year OS as well as 5-year DFS (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter being intraoperatively identified as T1 stage, patients with lesions of more than 2 cm in clinical-stage IA non-small cell lung cancer should be performed with LA to get a better survival, and patients with lesions of 2 cm or less should be performed with LS to decrease invasion.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinum ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies