Objective To explore the prognostic value of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)for target organ damage (TOD) in the elderly hypertension patients. Methods Two hundred and thirty two elderly hypertension patients who were involved at least one target- organ damage experienced 24 h ABPM. All subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the number of TOD and the clinical situation of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal complications. 24 h ABPM recordings of each group were compared with one another. Results The number of TOD were highly correlated with 24 h average systolic pressure, nighttime average diastolic pressure, abnormal circadian rhythm and pressure burden. The difference was significant between patients involved 3 TOD and those with 1 TOD(P

Objective To master of the characteristics of development and variation in plague natural foci of Marmota sibirica, and to analyze the plague monitoring results from 2004 to 2008. Methods From May to September every year, we monitored plague in Manzhouli, Chenbaerhuqi, Xinbaerhuzuoqi, Xinbaerhuyouqi,Ewenkeqi and Yakeshi city. The monitored area was 20 000 - 40 000 hm2 in every county. The density of Marmota,ground squirrel and moonlighting rats was surveyed by path method, one-day bow-clip method and a clamp was placed every five meters, respectively. The classification and identification of ectoparasite fleas were done by using low power lens. The fleas in the ground squirrel hole were collected by flannel rubber stick, then classified and identified. According to National Standard of Plague Diagnostic Criteria(GB 15991-1995), the collected rats and fleas were detected by isolation and cultured Yersinia pestis, the serums of collected rats were tested by indirect hemagglutination test. Results In five years, the density of Marmota and ground squirrel was 0.010/hm2 and 0.602/hm2, respectively. The capture rate of moonlighting rats was 2.69％ (258/9600). The flea infection rate of Marmota was 17.54％(10/57) and the fleas index was 2.54. The fleas infection rate of ground squirrel was 28.40％(213/750) and the fleas index was 1.01. Flea infection rat of ground squirrel hole was 5.60％(46/822) and the fleas index was 0.17. The total number of various hosts of Yersinia pestis detected was 1351, the groups number of the variety of cultured fleas was 127, and the pathogen test results were negative. The number of serum tested was 1064, positive number was 43, and the detection rate was 4.04％(43/1064). The highest positive titer was 1 : 1280. Other than 2006, the remaining four years were found positive for blood clotting material; positive serum was found in a total of three regions, they were Manzhouli, Xinbaerhuzuoqi, and Xinbaerhuyouqi; and 30, 12 and 1 copies of hemagglutination-positive sera were detected. Conclusions The epidemic of plague natural foci of Marmota sibirica is in a active state, and gradually expands the scope. We must continue to strengthen the inspection of the bacteria, bearing in mind the replacement of the region's main host, make every effort to prevent and control of human plague.

Objective To study whether the green fluorescent protein ( GFP) gene can be successfully expressed in green fluorescent nude mice and the tissue distribution characteristics.Methods Small animal imaging system and RT-PCR assay were used to detect the GFP tissue distribution and fluorescence expression level.Results The GFP can be expressed in multiple tissues in green fluorescent nude mice.A higher expression was observed in the pancreas, heart, brain, and skin.Conclusion Exogenous GFP can be stably expressed and inherited in green fluorescent nude mice, with the highest expression in the pancreas.

With the elucidation of structures and functions, antibodies are widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Today, therapeutic antibodies have played ever increasing roles in the treatment of cancers. In fact, there are over 20 monoclonal antibodies which have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapeutic use in cancers. For the gastric and colorectal cancers, there are at least 9 antibodies have been approved for cancer therapy or for clinical trials. These antibody drugs target to tumor associate antigens and can destroy the cancer cells through several mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, blockage of blood nutrition and crucial signaling pathways. With the progress in gene engineering technology, the diverse structures of antibodies can be created. In addition, the antibody-conjugates with radioisotopes, toxins and cytotoxins, are also designed for targeted therapy of gastric and colorectal cancers. In this article, we review the trends in the clinical development and application of antibody drugs for future research and development of the rapidly expanding therapeutic modality in gastric and colorectal cancers.
Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive

OBJECTIVETo study the risks on acute cerebral stroke (ACS) inducing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

METHODSData from 1751 patients with acute cerebral stroke were studied by prospective analysis.

RESULTSIn all of the ACS patients,the incidence rate (IR) of SIRS was 36.50% with 205 patients having ACS inducing MODS, to which the IR was 11.71%, and 93 deaths. The case fatality ratio (CFR) was 45.37%. The pathogeneses condition of patients and the MR after the occurrence of MODS had positive correlation with the numbers of dysfunction organs. Study on single factor analysis revealed that the incidence of MODS had some related risk factors in the ACS inducing MODS, including age, diseased region close to the mean line, GCS, level of blood sugar, blood white cell count and the chronic disease history etc. The IR of ACS inducing SIRS and MODS was much higher in the condition of the diseased region near the mean line and the ACS of the basilar artery system.

CONCLUSIONSIRS seemed the base for MODS while the probability and the development degree were not only involved ACS but also SIRS. MODS induced by ACS could be reduced through the second grade program of disease precaution. The detection of those risk factors in the early period of the ACS course could provide some prediction of the prognosis and turnover, thus some early use of intervention methods might be helpful in the treatment of the disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; complications ; epidemiology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology

Objective To study the extracranial scalp electroencephalography ( EEG ) and intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits .Methods To record the extracranial scalp EEG and intracranial ECoG of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits , and to compare and analyze the results of those two scanning methods .Results EEG was characteristic of 9-12 c/sαwave and 16-20 c/sβwave with an amplitude of 30-100μV as the basic rhythm .ECoG showed 10-12 c/s αwave and 16-20 c/s βwave with an amplitude of 200-300 μV as the basic rhythm.Anesthesia could attenuate the electrocerebral activity , cause brain tissue hypoxia , and induce δ wave and slow θ wave in ECoG .Conclusions EEG method is a simple , non-invasive and convenient operation , and can be made in rabbits without anesthesia .The recorded EEG waveform is highly consistent with that of ECoG , and may be used as an alternative to the traditional ECoG in neurofunctional studies .

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of the formula capable of resolving turbidity, removing toxin, activating blood circulation and dredging collectrals in improving patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia(VCIND) after stroke.MEHTODS 128 cases with VCIND after stroke were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 64 cases in each group.Patients in the treatment group were given compound Changpu Yizhi Decociton warmly both early in the morning and late in the afternoon, one bag per day.While those in the control group were treated with nimodipine, 30mg at a time, three times per day.Both groups received three-month treatment.TCM syndromes, cognitive ability, activity of daily living before and after treatment were evaluated and the levels of homocysteine and acetylcholinesterase were tested to detect the safety index and side effects.RESULTS There experienced an evident improvement of the treatment group in TCM syndrome curative effects and scores, together with obvious increases in the scores of mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and Activity of Daily Living (ADL), decreased scores in ADAS-cog and declined levels in homocysteine and acetylcholinesterase when compared to the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Neither evident abnormalities nor side effects were detected before and after treatment in the test.CONCLUSION Compound Changpu Yizhi Decoction can efficiently improve the TCM syndromes, cognitive function and daily living activity and reduce the levels of homocysteine and acetylcholinesterase of patients with VCIND after stroke.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level and distribution characteristics of anemia of the minority ethnic group children in Yunnan.

METHODThe cases with anemia were surveyed from 13 336 samples of 15 minority ethnic groups and Han children in Yunnan by Taking the method of random cluster sampling.

RESULTThe prevalence of anemia among the children under 7 years of age of 15 ethnic groups of minority in Yunnan was 13.6%. There are differences among the different ethnic groups (χ(2) = 716.33, P < 0.01), the highest was 26.6% in Jingpo, the lowest was 3.5% in Bai. There were differences among the different regions, the prevalence of anemia was high in the border regions City, the highest was 23.8% in Dehong; the prevalence of anemia was low in inland cities, the lowest was 2.7% in Fugong, and was higher in border areas. The prevalence of anemia was higher in boys (13.6%) than in girls (12.1%). There were differences among the different age in the different ethnic groups (6 months to 1 years old: χ(2) = 70.52, P < 0.01; 1 - 2 years old:χ(2) = 185.86, P < 0.01; 2 - 5 years old: χ(2) = 296.12, P < 0.01; 5 - 6 years old:χ(2) = 107.11, P < 0.01; 6 - 7 years old:χ(2) = 185.02, P < 0.01), the highest was 59.0% of Deang in 1 to 2 years old children. The trend of change was that the highest prevalence was seen in 6 months to 1 year old children, the prevalence gradually declined among older children, but rose again in children 6 years of age or older.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of anemia was 13.6% among the children of 15 ethnic minority under 7 years of age in Yunnan. There were differences among different ethnic groups of minority in different prefectures. There were differences among different ethnic groups of different age groups, but it was highest in 6 months to 1 year old children, it declined among older children, and rose in children 6 years of age or older. The prevalence of anemia was related to the ethnic and geographic factors.

Age Distribution ; Altitude ; Anemia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Minority Groups ; statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Distribution

OBJECTIVETo investigate the carrier rate of thalasaemia among the children of 10 minority ethnic groups in 3 border states (Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Nujiang) of Yunnan Province.

METHODSA total of 6562 samples of children under 10 years old were analyzed by blood cell automatic analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis.

RESULTSThe overall carrier frequency of thalasaemia was highest (46.2%) in Dehong, and lowest (30.6%) in Nujiang. The carrier frequency of beta-thalasaemia was the highest (40.6%) in Achang, and lowest (2.5%) in Dulong. The carrier frequency of alpha-thalasaemia was the highest (22.1%) in Dai from Xishuangbanna, followed by Dulong (19.1%).

CONCLUSIONThalasaemia carrier rates were high among the children of 10 minority ethnic groups in Yunnan. There were regional differences in their incidences. The results provide a valuable basis for thalasaemia prevention in Yunnan minorities in the three border states.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Minority Groups ; Prevalence ; Thalassemia ; ethnology ; genetics ; alpha-Thalassemia ; epidemiology ; genetics ; beta-Thalassemia ; epidemiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) gene expression control and the effects of different motifs of CK13 gene 5' flanking region on its transcriptional activity.

METHODSThe molecular clone technique and reporter gene analysis were used to assay the effects of different motifs of 513 bp of CK13 gene 5' flanking region on its transcriptional activity. The pCAT enhancer vectors with different motifs of CK13 gene 5' flanking region were constructed and transferred to HeLa cells with the help of lipofectin. The instant CAT expression of different clones was detected and the effects of different motifs of the CK13 gene 5' flanking region on its transcriptional activity were evaluated.

RESULTS119 bp from -nt.325 to -nt.207 upstream of the first ATG of CK13 gene 5' flanking region included a silent element. 113 bp region from -nt.206 to -nt.94 included an enhanced element.

CONCLUSION513 bp of CK13 gene 5' flanking region includes a silent element and an enhanced element. Further locating these cis elements and detecting the related trans reaction factors may unveil some important clues to the details of the mechanisms for the CK13 gene expression and tissue-specific expression.

5' Flanking Region ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Keratins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; genetics ; Transfection ; methods