Functional gastrointestinal disorders is a common functional disease without organic pathologic changes, mainly including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.As the dissatisfaction, side effects and recurrence with drug treatment, transcutaneous electrical stimulation has taken an important role in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in recent years.This article reviewed the progress of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in treatment of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.

Bilirubin is the final product of aging red blood cells when they were destroyed and degraded. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is a kind of endogenous antioxidant, which plays an important role in anti-atherosclerosis, scavenging free radicals and protecting the tissues and organs from damage. More and more studies have focused on the correlation between bilirubin and ischemic stroke. This article summarized the relationship between the antioxidant system of bilirubin and the occurrence, development and prognosis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke.

To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yinsiwei compound (YSW) on spatial learning and memory ability in rats with sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD) and the ultrastructural basis of the hippocampal neurons.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,pathological grades,treatment and prognosis in bladder cancer patients under 40 years.Methods A retrospective review of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 40 years who had been treated from January 1994 to April 2005 were conduc- ted.The patients were divided into 2 groups(group A,20-30 years;group B,31-40 years)based on their age.The differences in pathologic grading,recurrence rate and positive rate of urine cytology were compared between the 2 groups.The statistical analyses were performed using x~2 test.Results The incidence of bladder cancer in patients under 40 years was 4.2%(92/2200).The male/female ratio was 2.7:1.0.At initial visit,86%(68.7% in group A and 91.1% in group B)of the patients presented with gross hematuri- a;and 25.0% in group A and 33.9% in group B concomitantly had frequency and dysuria.The mean disease course in the 2 groups was 3.8 months for male and 6.9 months for female.Solitary tumor occurred in 19 ca- ses(100.0%)in group A and 63(86.3%)in group B;and multiple carcinomas,in 10 cases(13.7%)in group B.All were superficial bladder cancers in group A,while 6(8.2%)were invasive carcinomas in group B.According to WHO pathological grading of bladder cancer,in group A,10 cases(52.6%)had G_1,8 (42.1%)had G_2 and 1(5.3%)had G_3 tumors;in group B,8 cases(11.0%)had G_1,49(67.1%)had G_2 and 16(21.9%)had G_3 tumors(P＜0.01).The positive rate of urine cytology was 53.3% in all 92 ca- ses(25.0% in group A and 60.7% in group B,P＜0.05).The diagnostic rates by B-ultrasound and cysto- scopy were 98.6% and 100.0%,respectively.Of the 92 patients,11(12.0%)were treated by partial cys- tectomy,73(79.3%)by TUR-Bt and 8(8.7%)by cystectomy.The follow-up was 3-115 months(mean, 39 months).The overall recurrence rate was 12.0%,with 5.3%(1/19)in group A and 13.7%(10/73)in group B.Of 10 patients with multiple carcinomas,6(60.0%)developed recurrence;and of 82 with solitary tumors,5(6.1%)developed recurrence,with significant difference between them(P＜0.01).Two of the multiple carcinoma patients developed invasive carcinoma.Conclusions In bladder cancer patients under 40 years,the positive rate of urine cytology,pathological grading and recurrence rate increase with age.Multi- ple tumors,invasive carcinoma and long-term smoking are high risk factors for tumor recurrence.TURBt is the main surgical method for treating bladder cancer patients under 40 years.

Objective To measure 95% effective doses (ED95) of propofol and etomidate by using up-down intravenous administration method, and compare the potency ratio and the anesthesia duration of them. Methods Twenty eight male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly: the propofol group and the etomidate group. Loss of righting reflex was regarded as the judgment index of unconsciousness. The dose-response curve was made according to the formula of Y=Ymin+(Ymax-Ymin)/ [1+10log(ED50-X)× m]. Values of ED95 of propofol and etomidate were calculated, and the anesthesia duration periods after administration of the two equivalent dose drugs were measured respectively. Results The values of ED95 were 9 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg for propofol and etomidate. The ED95 ratio for propofol and etomidate was 6. There was a significant difference in anesthesia duration between propofol group (465.6±18.5)s and etomidate group (233.7±9.3)s (P<0.05). Conclusion The anesthesia duration of propofol is longer than that of etomidate, taking the ED95 as equivalent dose.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of open radical mastoidectomy (ORM) combined with ear cavity angioplasty and mastoid cavity obliteration in treatment of cholesteatoma otitis media (COM). Methods Eighty-two patients with COM were divided into 2 groups according to surgical approach: control group (41 patients undergoing simple ORM) and observation group (41 patients undergoing ORM combined with ear cavity angioplasty and mastoid cavity obliteration). The clinical efficacy and recurrence rate between the 2 groups were compared. Results The total effective rate, dry ear rate and eardrum healing survival rate in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group: 95.12% (39/41) vs. 78.05% (32/41), 97.56% (40/41) vs. 75.61% (31/41) and 90.24%(37/41) vs. 73.17% (30/41), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The dry ear time and epithelialization time in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group:(31.23 ±5.69) d vs. (48.12 ± 8.97) d and (24.41±3.23) d vs. (36.24 ± 5.69) d, the postoperative pure tone audiometry (PTA) and air bone gap (ABG) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group:(25.61 ± 5.67) dB vs. (35.41 ± 8.23) dB and (13.24 ± 3.98) dB vs. (19.02 ± 5.52) dB, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group:2.44%(1/41) vs. 14.63%(6/41), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The application of ORM combined with ear cavity angioplasty and mastoid cavity obliteration in the treatment of COM has significant effect, with rapid postoperative dry ear and epithelialization, fewer complications and lower recurrence rate. It should be widely applied.

The management of medical equipment is one of the important parts in hospital management,which management quality can directly affect the hospital central task and disciplines construction.How to strengthen the management of medical equipment are studied from the plan of medical equipment,the purchase,book building and application four aspects.

Satellite cells, as the major stem cells, are responsible for postnatal skeletal muscle growth, regeneration and maintenance. As a result, satellite cells have great potential as therapeutic agents. Activation of satellite cells in vivo is a key link in the muscle regeneration processes. And their replenishment is necessary to keep the capacity of skeletal muscle to regenerate after recurrence of muscle damage. Cellular and molecular regulation of activation and replenishment for satellite cells issues were reviewed. Hoping through the points of nitric oxide-hepatocyte growth factor (NO-HGF), myostatin and Notch signaling and the niche of satellite cells to overcome the recent obstruction in cell therapy in clinic myopathy, such as Duchenne muscle destrophy.

Objective To explore the possible antiepileptic mechanism of Pingxian Powder. Methods In the experiment,Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was injected into abdomen of rat to make epileptic kindling model. The total number,percentage of positive area and integral optical density of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor1 (NMDAR1) and ?-aminobutyric acid-A receptor (GABA-AR?1) of immunoreactive cells in the temporal cortex were studied by the immunohistochemical method and image analyzing system. Results The total number,percentage of positive area and integral optical density of NMDAR1 of immunoreactive cells in the temporal cortex of model group were more than normal group (P

Objective Though immunohistochemical study on the effects of Pingxian Powder on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor1 (NMDAR1) and ?-aminobutyric acid-A receptor ?1 (GABA-AR ? 1 ) in central nervous system of pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic rats, to explore its possible antiepileptic mechanism. Methods Sixty wistar rats were divided into control group (A), model group (B), phenobarbital group (C) and Pingxian Powder small (D), middle (E), Large (F) dosage group. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was injected into abdomen of rat to reconstruct epileptic kindling model. The total number, percentage of positive area and integral optical density of NMDAR1 and GABA-AR ? 1 of immunoreactive cells in hippocampus CA 1 , CA 3 were studied by the immunohistochemical method and image analyzing system. Results The total number, percentage of positive area and integral optical density of NMDAR1 of immunoreactive cells in hippocampus formation of Group B were more than Group A (P