Because preterm infants are premature,the rates of refractive errors and visual abnormalities are significantly higher than those normal full-term infants.By understanding their refractive characteristics and the factors those affect visual development,meanwhile,recognizing that premature birth also plays a role in the refractive or visual development of preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),we can establish the strict follow-up system,then early detection and be early in time for premature children with clinical intervention or treatment which is beneficial for normal visual development.It is extremely important to reduce abnormal visual development in preterm children,and to improve the visual quality of patients and quality of life.This paper summarizes the researches of refractive and visual development in preterm infants.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic of autoimmune gastritis (AIG).Methods From January 1990 to April 2010,the clinical data of 55 AIG patients were retrospectively analyzed,which included hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH),gastrin,intrinsic factor antibody (IFA),parietal cell antibody (PCA),gastrointestinal endoscopy examination and 24-hour esophageal pH recording.Another 31 megaloblastic anemia (MA) patients were selected as control.Statistical analysis was performed by independent-samples t test.Results Among 55 AIG patients,49 patients were associated with MA,and three out of four cases were identified of IFA.About 43.8％ (21/48) patients were PCA positive.Before treatment,the levels of LDH and α-HBDH of AIG patients with MA were (1045.50±853.46)U/L and (853.71±824.23) U/L which significantly increased,than those of patients without MA [(166.67±41.03) U/L,(133.67±27.90) U/L],the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.665,-2.120,both P＜0.05),however there was no significant difference when compared with the control group [(1047.52±1028.31) U/L,(1050.23±1264.37) U/L,both P＞0.05)].A total of 46 patients underwent gastroendoscopy examination,63.0％ (29/46) patients had gastric body atrophy while gastric antrum not involved; 34.8％ (16/46) patients had neither gastric body nor antrum atrophy; seven patients gastric mucosal showed intestinal metaplasia and one patient showed intestinal metaplasia with atypical hyperplasia and 2.2％ (1/46) presented both the antrum and the body atrophy.Conclusions The levels of LDH and α-HBDH increased in AIG patients might be related with MA caused marrow in-situ hemolysis.IFA is recommended as a routine test for AIG.There is still some limitations of AIG diagnosis according to histopathological features of gastric endoscopy specimen.The clinical features should be taken into consideration.

Pancreatic cancer was one of common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, early diagnosis of which was difficult and surgical resection rate was low. The prognosis was poor, and its incidence increased year by year. Conventional treatment of pancreatic cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but 90％ of the patients had lost the surgical opportunity when they see a doctor, and not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Relative to these traditional treatments, gene therapy is an innovative approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and had attracted wide attention in recent years. Many gene therapy drugs for pancreatic cancer had now entered Ⅰ / Ⅱ clinical trials. The gene therapy techniques for pancreatic cancer included antisense gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. In this article, we reviewed recent advances in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the effects of peroxisome prolifterator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist on the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in the ischemia-reperfusion brain tissues. Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into: sham-operation + normal saline group (NS,n = 6 ), ischemia-reperfusion tion. The expression of ICAM-1mRNA was measured by RT-PCR at 24 h after ischemia. Results The expression of ICAM-1 mRNA of the low-dose PGZ group (0.571±0.032) and the high-dose PGZ group (0. 396±0.024)were significantly reduced compared with that of the I/R + NS group (0.847±0. 028 ) (P<0.05).Conclusion PPARγ agonists can downregulate the the expression of ICAM-1mRNA in the ischemia brain tissue.

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with Shen-fu injection on mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (△ψm) following myocardial ischemiareperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Thirty SD rats of both sexes weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into3 groups with 10 animals in each group:Ⅰ sham operation group (group S); Ⅱ IR group and Ⅲ Shen-fu injection group (group SFI). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. The chest was opened and the heart exposed. Myocardial IR was induced by temporary ligation of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery maintained for 30 min, followed by 120 min reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by decoloration of apex and elevation of S-T segment (＞ 0.1 mV) or erection of T wave. In group SFI,SFI 10 ml/kg was infused at 15 min before ischemia, while in group S and IR equal volume of normal saline was infused instead of SFI. At 120 min of reperfusion, blood samples were collected from right internal carotid artery for determination of serum concentration of cTnI. The animals were then sacrificed and the hearts were immediately removed for measurement of myocardial mitochonerial permeability transition pore (MPTP) activity (by spectrophotometry at 540 nm) and myocardial △ψm (by fluorospectrophotometer using rhodamine 123 as fluorescent probe). Results Compared with group S, serum cTnI concentration and MPTP activity were significantly increased and △ψm was decreased in group IR. SFI pretreatment significantly attenuated the IRinduced increase in serum cTnI concentration and the MPTP activity and decrease in △ψm. Conclusion SFI pretreatment can protect myocardium from IR injury by attenuating the IR induced increase in MPTP opening and decrease in △ψm.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of the three operation mode in treatment of ovarian cyst. Methods According to the digital table,138 patients with ovarian cyst were divided into three groups,the group A (n=46 cases)were operated through open operation,group B (n =46 cases)were operated through transvaginal operation,group C(n=46 cases)were operated through laparoscopic operation.The three groups were observed the situation of operation (operation time,bleeding volume,the first exhaust time,hospitalizationtime ),complications (infection,hemorrhage,perimenopausal changes ),postoperative follow -up for 1 years.The recurrence rate was observed.Results Group A of 46 patients were successfully completed surgery,B,C groups of 1 patients was con-versed to laparotomy due to severe adhesion.B,C groups in the operation time,amount of bleeding during the opera-tion,the time of hospitalization were significantly less than that of group A (t=4.306,5.172,3.012,3.926,3.776, 2.168,P<0.05,P<0.01).B group was significantly less than those of A,C group in the first exhaust time (t=3.014,2.446,all P<0.05).In the operation time of group B was obviously less than that of group C (t=2.748,P<0.05).A,B,C three groups of postoperative complication rates were 39.1%,11.1%,15.6% respectively;the incidence of complications of B,C groups was lower than that in A group (χ2 =9.82,8.64,all P<0.01 ).After 1years follow-up,the recurrence rate in group B was significantly higher than that of A and C groups (χ2 =6.72, 6.72,all P<0.01).Conclusion Treatment of ovarian cyst vaginal surgery and laparoscopic surgery wound is small, but the person that weigh should be performed open adhesion treatment,individualized treatment.

Objective:To test the reliability of BMDC-NPTB-CR. Method: 182 elderlies were tested with the BMDC-NPTB-CR. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale were calculated. Result:70% of the items in BMDC-NPTB-CR were moderate in difficulty. The correlation between total score and subscores were in 0.50～0.88(P

Objective　To discuss the long-term curative effect of botulinum toxin A(BTXA) for treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle.Methods　Ninty-two patients with spasm of eyelid and facial muscle were treated with BTXA and observed for a long term.Results　After being injected with BTXA for 1～4 days, the spasm relieved gradually. Sixteen weeks later, the spasm symptoms relapsed. The relapse began mostly from eyelid spasm. The facial spasm's relief time was longer. lt might be up to 24 weeks. After injection, the patients had some slight complications of facial expression numb, ptosis and fissura palpebrae. The above complication symptoms recovered by themselves after two weeks. Conclusion　The curative effect of BTXA on treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle is reliable.

Objective To establish an intelligent nutritional diet analysis system in the hospital to guide and monitor the patient's diets and nutrition.Methods Individual health report and nutrition prescription were output intelligently through an intelligent nutritional diet knowledge-based system as well as the interfaces between the modules of electronic record interchange,intelligent nutrition analysis and diet management,and the modules were all interfaced with HIS and LIS respectively.Results The patient's diets and satisfaction were all enhanced by the system.Conclusion The system integrates computer technology into nutritional diet management to realize whole-course traceable closed-loop management.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders is a common functional disease without organic pathologic changes, mainly including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.As the dissatisfaction, side effects and recurrence with drug treatment, transcutaneous electrical stimulation has taken an important role in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in recent years.This article reviewed the progress of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in treatment of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.