Type 2 diabetic patients are usually accompanied by dyslipidemia.The cardiovascular residual risk is still high in these patients,even with glycemia,blood pressure,and plasma lipids well controlled.In this review,the relationship of plasma lipids and changes in lipoprotein particles with cardiovascular risk is discussed.

PTEN gene is considered to be the first discovered tumor suppressor gene with dual specificity phosphatase activity.The research has shown that the increasing popularity of PTEN rests on its important roles in cancer cell growth,differentiation,signaling transduction and cell apoptosis.Besides,the mutation of PTEN is related to cancer initiation and progression.The recent advances on PTEN gene in malignant tumors will be reviewed in this paper.

Objective To explore relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance and lipid levels in pa-tients with lacunar infarction (LI) .Methods 68 patients with LI were retrospectively analyzed ,62 cases patients without heart ce-rebrovascular disease in the same period were choosen as control group ,the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between MRI performance ,the changed level of lipid .Results A total of 299 lacunar lesions were detected by MRI ,in which there were 58(19 .40% )in the left cerebral hemisphere ,26(8 .70% ) in the right hemisphere ,73(24 .41% ) in the bilateral basal ganglia ,27 (9 .03% ) in thalamus ,54 (18 .06% ) in the lateral ventricles corona radiata ,39 (13 .04% ) in brainstem ,and 22 (7 .36% ) in cerebellum .TC ,TG ,LDL-C and Ox-LDL levels in LI patients were significantly higher than the controls (P<0 .05) , while HDL-C levels were significantly lower than the controls (P<0 .05) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that relative risk of TC ,TG ,LDL-C ,HDL-C and Ox-LDL to LI were 1 .56 ,1 .27 ,1 .39 ,1 .46 and 1 .44 .Conclusion The MRI manifestations and lipid levels of LI have a certain degree of correlation ,and elevated blood lipid levels may be important risk factors for LI .

Objective:To study the variation of X chromosome centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal individuals and to discuss the mechanism of Klinefelter's syndrome X chromosome nondisjunction.Methods:The multi-copies of a 2Kb tandem repeat unit on X chromosome of centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA were simultaneously amplified with reasonable primers by (representative sampling of multiple repetitive units,rep)PCR,and the mechanism of X chromosome aneuploidy resulted by abnormal structure of centromere was investigated.Results:1774bp,570bp and 1410bp,583bp,220 bp (three short fragments are resulted by deletion in alpha satellite DNA) were detected in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal karyotype controls.There were 1774bp and 1410bp DNA fragments in all of samples.The relative frequencies of 570bp and 583 bp were significantly higher in Klinefelter's syndrome patients than in normal karyotype controls,the 220bp was not found significantly different in the three groups.Conclusion:Deletion in the region of Alpha Satellite DNA is present at centromeres of all human X chromosome,while Klinefelter's syndrome patients and their parents show higher frequency than normal individuals.These results imply that analysis of deletion on X-specific ?satellite of the parents during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy plays a important role either in estimating the risk of repruducing Klinefelter's syndrome or in providing the guideline for prenatal chromosome diagnosis of villus and amniotic fluid.

The roots ofApium graveolens L. have been widely used in Uighur Medicine. Research has shown that roots ofApium graveolens L. has good clinical efficacy in the aspects of liver protection and lipid decreasing, hyperlipidemia treatment and so on. This article reviewed research on the chemical components, extraction process, and pharmacological action of roots ofApium graveolens L. so far, with purposes to better develop and utilize roots of Apium graveolens L., and provide references for follow-up study.

Endotoxemia is due to the infection of bacteria or lesions which release a lot of toxins into the blood,or the infusing of large amount of endotoxin-contaminated liquid.It can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome,sepsis,or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Endotoxemia is a common and complex problem in modern emergency medicine.Early diagnosis and timely blocking not only can prevent further infection but also plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and its complications.In recent years,progresses have been made in the treatments of endotoxemia by hemoporfusion.The direct adsorption of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in blood can quickly reduce their concentration.This can not only weaken their own activity but also inhibit the release of other harmful cytokines,so as to improve the symptoms of infection.So far,the specific hishaffinity adsorbents having the clinical value are still at the exploratory stage.Although these materials were found effective in the treatments of endotoxemia,in-depth study need to be carried out on their clinical criteria in order to acquiremore satisfied results.

Objective To determine intra-operative changes in blood coagulation and the applicability of SCA in liver transplantation. Methods Twenty-four patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing or-thotopic Liver transplantation (OLT) were studied. Arterial blood samples were drawn for determination of celite-activated TEG, glass bead-activated SCA and RCT at 6 intervals: before anesthesia induction (T0), 60 min after operation was started (T1), 30 miu in anhepatic phase (T2), 30 min in neohepatic phase (T3) ,120 min in neohepatic phase (T4) and the end of the operation (T5) ; the variables of TEG includ-ed: reaction time(R) ,coagulation time(K), alpha angles (α) and maximal amplitude (MA) ; the variables of SCA included: activated clotting time (ACT), clot rate (CR) and platelet function(PF) ;RCT included: Plt, PT, INR, APTT, Fbg. Results The Kappa values of SCA and TEG diagnosing the deficiency of blood coagulation factors, the gel formation speed of fibrin and the function of platelet were respectively 0.371 (P < 0.05) ,0. 363 (P < 0.05) ,0.438 (P < 0.05). gbACT and R, CR and α, PF and MA were positive-ly correlative (r = 0. 790, P < 0.05 ; r = 0. 766, P < 0. 05 ; r = 0. 502, P < 0.05 ; respectively) ; CR and K were negatively correlative(r = -0. 588,P <0.05). Compared with T0, PT, INR, gbACT and R were pro-longed, FBG, CR, α and MA were decreased at T3-5 (P < 0.05). APTT was prolonged at T1 ～ T5 (P < 0.05). K was prolonged at T3 (P < 0.05) and PF was decreased at T2 ～ T4. Conclusion SCA can exactly monitor changes of blood coagulation in liver transplantation.

Objective To deeply explore coping style of persons with acute myocardial infarctionfrom incidence to hospital admission. Methods A qualitative research with cross-sectional and retro-spective multiple-case study was used. Ten persons with confirmed acute myocardial infarction were recruit-ed from a large hospital in Wuhan. Semi-structured interviews and conceptual framework for this study wereconducted based on a guide developed hom a review of the literatures pertaining to coping ability and ex-pert opinion. Interviews were audiotape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative date were analyzedby using thematic analysis. Results Coping ability influenced patients" decisions in seeking treatment,associated with patients" geographic area, culture and economy but not education. Analysis of the data re-vealed coping ability included three sub-themes: remaining routine life as usual,seeking resources and helpand confirming the disease. Conclusions Systemic health education should be supplied to high-risk pop-ulation to improve their ability to cope with disease.Effective measures should be adopted to reduce timedelay so that the disease incidence rate,death rate and disability rate will be reduced.

The pathological changes in myocardial cell of diabetic rats were consistent with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The levels of adiponectin and the expression of T-cadherin in diabetic group were increased gradually,and higher than in normal control group

Objective To explore the effect of bcl 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) apoptosis induced by nitric oxide(NO),we investigated the effect of NO on Bcl 2 protein expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),and effect of Bcl 2 over expression on apoptosis is(VSMCs) induced by NO. Methods Cultured rat VSMCs at passage 5 to 8 were used for experiments,S nitroso N acetypenicillamine(SNAP) was used as NO donor.Cells were preincubated for 24-48 hours in special culture dish with conditioned medium to reach quiescent,and then incubated in conditioned medium containing 0 5 mmol/L SNAP.After 8 to 10 hours,the cells were fixed and Bcl 2 expression was analyzed by ACAS 570 through fluorescent immunochemistry.Vascular smooth muscle cells were transfected with bcl 2 gene through retrovirus to allow overexpression of Bcl 2 in VSMCs.Finally,we observed the apoptosis in normal VSMCs and VSMCs infected with bcl 2. Results SNAP downregulated Bcl 2 expression in VSMCs.PCR and Southern hybridization confirmed the integration of the bcl 2 retrovirus vector into vascular smooth muscle cells genomic DNA.And fluorescence immunohistochemistry confirmed that Bcl 2 protein was overexpressed in VSMCs infected with bcl 2.And ratio of apoptosis become lower in VSMCs infected with bcl 2. Conclusion bcl 2 can inhibit apoptosis of VSMCs induced by SNAP.It is suggested that downregulation of Bcl 2 protein is one of the ways in which SNAP induces VSMCs apoptosis,and apoptosis in VSMCs induced by SNAP is regulated by bcl 2.;