The plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 81 women, including 20 in the second stage of labor, 14 in the latent period, 15 in the third trimester of pregnancy, 10 in midtrimester, and 12 postpartum women ,and 10 normal nonpregnant women served as control. The results showed that the plasma ET-1 concentrations of women in second stage of labor, latent period, normal third trimester, and midtrimester of pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the normal nonpregnant and postpartum women and increased with pregnancy and labor, with a peak level in second stage of labor. At 24 hours postpartum, the plasma ET-1 concentrations decreased abruptly to the nonpregnant levels. The ET-1 and PGE2 concentrations in amniotic fluid were significantly higher than those in plasma, both at various stages of pregnancy and during labor. The PGE2 levels in plasma and amniotic fluid varied with the ET-1 levels and there was a significant positive correlation at various stages of pregnancy and during labor. The results suggest that ET-1 concentrations in plasma and amniotic fluid increases with gestational length, and produces contractions of pregnant my-ometrium at term. The ET-1 stimulats the production of PGE2 and plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of labor.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of insulin aspart (IAsp) versus regular human insulin (RHI) used in basal bolus (BB) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus in Chinese population.Methods We searched MEDLINE (via OVID),the Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,CBM,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),and Wanfang databases from the beginning of the databases to November,2015.The randomized controlled trials comparing IAsp and RHI in DM were searched.The meta-analysis in newly diagnosed DM and treated DM was performed by RevMan 5.3.Results A total of 40 trials were included in this study,with 1087 newly diagnosed and 2395 treated DM patients.In both groups,IAsp was better in lowering 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) after breakfast,lunch and dinner (For newly diagnosed population MD=-1.22,-1.70,-1.44;95%CI:-1.79~-0.64,-2.77~-0.63,-2.12~-0.75;for treated population MD=-1.19,-1.14,-1.03;95%CI:-1.39~-0.98,-1.27~-1.02,-1.25~-0.81) and fasting plasma glucose (For newly diagnosed population MD=-0.55,95%CI:-0.97~-0.12;for treated population MD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44~-0.03) when compared with RHI.IAsp could shorten the time to achieve blood glucose target(For newly diagnosed population MD=-1.58,95%CI:-1.74~-1.42;for treated population MD=-1.73,95%CI:-2.10~-1.36) and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with RHI (For newly diagnosed population RR=0.33,95%CI:0.19~0.56;for treated population RR=0.44,95%CI:0.32~0.61) (P<0.05).Moreover,the total daily insulin dose was lower in IAsp therapy than in RHI therapy when using CSII regimen.Conclusion In Chinese DM patients,IAsp shows advantages in controlling 2 hPG,shortening the time to achieve blood glucose target and lowering the risk of hypoglycaemia when compared with RHI.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of respiratory impedance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods The impulse oscillometry(IOS) and polysomnography (PSG) indices were measured in 52 patients with OSAHS, 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 17 healthy persons. Results The levels of R20, total respiratory impedence and central airway resistance in the patients with OSAHS were significantly higher than those in healthy persons (P

BACKGROUND: The formation of long-term memory includes acquisition, consolidation and reconsolidation. Reconsolidation is very important for the new memory transforming into stable memory. Stress is an important environmental factor in the process of learning and memory. Corticosterone is very important for stress response. At present, research about the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory is less. Thus, it is very important to test the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of corticosterone on the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats.
METHODS: (1) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (0.1, 1 and 3 mg/kg) immediately after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (2) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (3 mg/kg) 6 hours after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (3) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone 3 mg/kg without reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immediate injection of corticosterone 3 mg/kg after reactivation significantly decreased the discrimination index. At 6 hours after reactivation or without reactivation, corticosterone administration did not impact the discrimination index. These results confirmed that corticosterone administration immediately after reactivation impairs the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory. The damage effect depends on the reactivation experience and the specific time window after reactivation.

Objective To investigate the biokinetics of 131 I and its absorbed dose in patients with metastatic DTC. Methods Forty?one patients with metastatic DTC who were referred to 131 I therapy were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011. Scintigraphic images were serially acquired after the ingestion of 131I (3.70-9.25 GBq) to assess the biokinetics. CT was used to measure the masses of the DTC lesions. Calculation of absorbed doses to DTC lesions was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Kruskal?Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the differences of absorbed dose among different tumor deposits. Results In total, 59 io?dine?avid metastatic lesions (35 in cervical lymph node, 17 in lung and 7 in bone) in 41 patients were evalu?ated and the mean absorbed dose of DTC lesions was (10.4±6.5) Gy/GBq, with range of 0.1 to 136.2 Gy/GBq. The median absorbed dose was 11.3 Gy/GBq for lymph node metastase, 10.1 Gy/GBq for lung metastases and 9.6 Gy/GBq for bone metastases. There were no statistically significant differences in absorbed doses a?mong the metastases of lymph node, lung and bone ( Z=0.907, P>0.05) . Conclusion A wide inter?lesion variation of absorbed dose to metastatic DTC is observed.

Diagnostic whole body scan (Dx-WBS) with 131I and serum Tg level are the main parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of thyroid remnant ablation in patients with DTC.Undetectable Tg and positive radioiodine uptake in the thyroid bed (Tg-/Dx-WBS+) may be found in some patients.However,the clinical significance is uncertain.A small amount of thyroidal remnant,a small DTC lesion,increased expression of NIS gene and autoimmune inflammation may all result in Tg-/Dx-WBS+.A wait-and-watch approach without rushing for high-dose radioiodine treatment might be a more reasonable approach for these patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the absorbed dose to the thyroid remnant and the outcome of m I ablation in patients after operation for DTC.Methods Seventy-two patients (14 males,58 females; age range:16-67 years,average age:(41±16) years) with DTC,prepared for thyroid remnant ablation,were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011.Scintigraphic images of the head and neck were serially acquired after oral administration of 3.7 GBq of 131I to assess the biokinetics of this tracer in thyroid remnant.Ultrasound was used to measure the mass of the thyroid remnant.Calculation of absorbed dose to thyroid remnant was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine.The outcome of 131 I ablation was evaluated on the basis of stimulated Tg measurements and neck ultrasound at 6-9 months after ablation.Patients with stimulated Tg levels less than 1 μg/L and with no detectable thyroid tissue on neck ultrasound were considered successful ablation of thyroid remnant.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results The 131I uptake ratios at 24 h were 0.9％-6.3％ in 72 patients and the effective half-lives of 131I were 12.0-146.4 h.The thyroid remnant masses were 1.0-6.9 g; absorbed doses were 23-2 197 Gy,and absorbed dose rates at 24 h were 0.5-8.1 Gy/h.No significant difference was observed in absorbed doses to thyroid remnants in 43 patients having successful ablation and 29 patients having unsuccessful ablation ((363± 148) Gy vs (341± 167) Gy,t =15.097,P＞0.05).However,the absorbed dose-rates of thyroid remnants at 24 h were significantly higher in patients with successful ablation than those in patients with unsuccessful ablation ((3.7±2.1) Gy/h vs (2.9±1.6) Gy/h,t=7.908,P＜0.05).Conclusion A successful ablation is strongly dependent on the absorbed dose-rate of thyroid remnant.

For patients with DTC,the side effect of 131I therapy on fertility and offspring is an important issue since genital tissues are highly sensitive to radiation.Exposure to 131 I radiation may result in transient impairment of gonadal function in male patients caused by elevated levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone,low sperm count and motility.In female patients,exposure to 131I radiation may be complicated with delay of menstruation,oligomenorrhea and transient cessation of menstrual period.Most of these symptoms may resolve within one year after 131 I therapy.A slightly earlier menopause is the only reported long-term side effect of 131I therapy on ovarian function.Currently available data do not indicate that exposure to 131I may cause permanent infertility in male patients with DTC.For female patients with DTC,131 I therapy does not affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes beyond one year.

Reproductive medicine is one of the most promising subjects in this century. Our country starts the education in reproductive medicine late and progress is slow.The institutions who recruit reproductive medical students adopt self-determine subjects, self-compile outline and self-compile teaching materials. As a result, the quality of teaching is affected. There is an urgent need to prepare a national high-level professional series of textbooks for reproductive medicine. The article discusses the construction of unified compiling professional series teaching materials for reproductive medicine from necessity, main ideas, compsition, principles of preparation and basic content.

AIM To investigate the effects of frost-like powder,steaming,stir-frying with wine,stir-frying with salt-water and stir-frying with vinegar on compositions and contents of fatty oils in Descurainiae Semen.METHODS Descurainiae Semen was processed by five methods,respectively.The fatty oils were extracted from various processed products by petroleum ether,which were then derivatized.GC-MS was adopted in the qualitative identification and quantitative determination.RESULTS Except for frost-like powder,various processing methods could increase the extraction rate of fatty oils.Compared with raw product,the quantities of fatty oils in various processed products were decreased,together with the increased contents.The main compositions of obtained fatty oils were unsaturated fatty acids,whose contents in various processed products (except stir-frying with vinegar product) were higher than those in the raw product.CONCLUSION The effects of different processing methods on compositions and contents of fatty oils in Descurainiae Semen show obvious differences,among which the processing effect of stir-frying with vinegar is not satisfactory.