OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacodynamics of different approaches of using low peptide of E’ jiao. METHODS: Anemia model rabbits and immunosuppressed model mice were induced by injecting with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride subcutaneously and hydrocortisone via i.p. respectively then treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k and 5% E’ jiao solution via i.g. The values of Hb, RBC, WBC in model rabbits were measured after 7 days of medication and spleen weigh index was detected after 6 days of medication. The healthy mice were treated with low peptide of E’ jiao (1～3 kD) via i.p., low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k via i.g. and glucose solution via i.g. Then the load swimming time was determined after 14 days of medication. RESULTS: Chemical medicine-induced anemia was improved by 1～3 kD low peptide of E’ jiao increasing the amount of Hb. Low peptide of E’ jiao of lower than 5 k could not produce such an good effect on anemia but was eaqul to oral E’ jian in increasing the value of RBC, WBC. Low peptide of E’ jiao was helpful to or had effect on anti-fatigue and remarkably increased spleen index of mice. CONCLUSION: Low peptide of E’ jiao used by different approaches can strengthen immunity.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on post-stroke dysphagia treated with acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty patients were randomized into an acupuncture A group, an acupuncture B group and a rehabilitation group, 60 cases in each one. On the basis of the conventional medication, in the acupuncture A group, acupuncture was applied at Lianquan (CV 23); in the acupuncture B group, acupuncture was applied at Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) and in the rehabilitation group, the swallowing rehabilitation training was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week, and the 4 weeks of treatment was required in all of the groups. The national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and TV X-ray fluoroscope swallowing scale (VFSS) were used to evaluate neurologic deficit and swallowing function before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The morbidity of pneumonia and clinical efficacy were compared among the groups.

RESULTSThe scores of NIHSS and VFSS were improved apparently after treatment in the patients of the three groups (all P < 0.05) and the results in the acupuncture A group were superior to those in the other two groups (all P < 0.05). The morbidity of pneumonia in the acupuncture A group was lower than that in the acupuncture B group and the rehabilitation group [3.3% (2/60) vs 6.7% (4/60), 8.3% (5/60), both P < 0.05]. The effective rate in the acupuncture A group was better than that in either of the other two groups [95.0% (57/60) vs 81.7% (49/ 60), 75.0% (45/60), both P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the conventional medication, acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) effectively improves the swallowing function, relieves neurological deficit and reduces the morbidity of pneumonia in the patients of post-stroke dysphagia.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the different characteristics of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (LT)and hepatectomy(HC)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The literatures about tumor recurrence of HCC after LT and HC were reviewed and their characteristics were compared.Results There are distinctions of recurrence rates,time,common sites between the recurred tumors after LT and HC,and their correlation factors and mechanisms of recurrence are also different.Conclusion Preventive measures should be strengthened and treatments should be more targeted according to the different characteristics of tumor recurrence after LT and HC to improve postoperative life quality and increase the survival rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of thrombospondin-1(TSP1)and transfor ming growth factor-β1 (TGF-131)in the kidney of diabetic rats.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control(NC),streptozocin-induced diabetic mellitus(DM),diabetic rats treated with pioglitazone(DP)and normal control rats treated with pioglitazone(NP).24-h urine protein quantity,serum creatinine(Scr) and kidney hypertrophy index were measured after treatment for 10 weeks,and the expression of TSP1 and TGF-β1 in the kidney was detected by using RT-PCR and immuohistochemistry.Results As compared with DM group,urine protein level and kidney hypertrophy index were significantly attenuated in DP group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in plasma glucose between them(P>0.05).As compared with NC and NP groups,the expression of TSP1 and TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in the kidney of DM and DP groups(P<0.01).Both TSP1 and TGF-β1 expression in DP group was lower than in DM group(P<0.05).Conclusion Pioglitazone can exert a direct protective effect on the kidney in diabetic rats,which is independent of the role of insulin sensitizer,and the mechanism may be associated with the decreased TSP1 expression in the kidney.

BACKGROUND:Cord tissues,which immune system is relatively non-development with low expression of MHC,rely on the protection of the mother's immune system.Accordingly,studies underlying biological characteristics of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) arouse more and more attention.OBJECTIVE:To isolate,separate,and culture MSCs from the tissues of umbilical cord,and to explore the ability of multi-directional differentiation.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro cytology experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University from October 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS:The umbilical cord of healthy neonate with 37-40 weeks gestational age was obtained from delivery room of the Second West China Hospital,Sichuan University.METHODS:Pieces of umbilical cord were dissected along its long axis,vessel was pulled away,then cord was tied together with a suture creating "loops",then it was placed into collagenase solution,after 6-8 hours,suspended cells obtained from the loops suspension were centrifuged and cultured with adherent method,pass,aged when single cell-derived colonies were appeared.Finally,the 5th generation of cells was induced differentiation towards osteoblasts and lipoblasts.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphology,growth,surface antigen expression,as well as the multiple differentiation potential of umbilical cord MSCs.RESULTS:The adherent cells obtained from umbilical cord after removal vessels showed short rod-like or fusiform shape,which can be proliferated and form single cell-derived colonies.Cells isolated from the umbilical cord high expressed integrin markers (CD29,CD51,CD71) but not hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR).These colonies can differentiate into osteoblasts that produce mineralized matrices,stained by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase,and differentiate adipocytes that accumulate lipid vacuoles and are demonstrated by morphology,stained by oil red.CONCLUSION:Umbilical cord tissue contains a high number of MSC-like elements forming colonies that may be successfully expanded in culture.The proliferation colonies present matrix ceil immunophenotypes,and can differentiate into osteobiasts and adipocytes.

Objective To measure 95% effective doses (ED95) of propofol and etomidate by using up-down intravenous administration method, and compare the potency ratio and the anesthesia duration of them. Methods Twenty eight male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly: the propofol group and the etomidate group. Loss of righting reflex was regarded as the judgment index of unconsciousness. The dose-response curve was made according to the formula of Y=Ymin+(Ymax-Ymin)/ [1+10log(ED50-X)× m]. Values of ED95 of propofol and etomidate were calculated, and the anesthesia duration periods after administration of the two equivalent dose drugs were measured respectively. Results The values of ED95 were 9 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg for propofol and etomidate. The ED95 ratio for propofol and etomidate was 6. There was a significant difference in anesthesia duration between propofol group (465.6±18.5)s and etomidate group (233.7±9.3)s (P<0.05). Conclusion The anesthesia duration of propofol is longer than that of etomidate, taking the ED95 as equivalent dose.

AIM: To study the protective effect of hyperpolarized cardioplegic arrest on reperfused rat heart performance and to investigate the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels(mitoKATP) opening in the protection of hyperpolarized cardioplegia against ischemia/reperfusion damage.METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(n=8 in each group): control group(Con);depolarized arrest group(D);hyperpolarized arrest group(H);depolarized cardioplegia with 5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD) group(5HD+D);hyperpolarized cardioplegia with 5-HD group(5HD+H).The rat hearts were quickly removed to Langendorff apparatus.The heart perfusion was performed for 20 min with 37 ℃ Krebs-Henseleit buffer balanced with gas mixture(O2∶CO2=95%∶5%) at 5.8 kPa perfusion pressure,then cardial arrest was induced by different cardioplegic solution.Hearts were subjected to ischemia at 37 ℃ for 40 min followed by 30 min reperfusion.(1) The hemodynamics was detected at recovery after 30 min reperfusion.(2) Before ischemia and at the end-reperfusion,tissue was harvested for mitochondrial isolation and ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).(3) Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was also determined at different time points.RESULTS:(1) Compared with end-equilibration,30 min reperfusion caused significant differences in left ventricular developed pressure(LADP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),double product(DP),heart rate (HR),coronary flow(CF)(P

The zebra fish model, as an integral animal model, features small volume, high throughput, low cost, short cycle and reliable experimental results, thus has been widely used in medical studies. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) constitute a complex system, their active ingredients and action mechanisms are among study hotspots in during the development of modern TCMs. Along with the constant improvement of advanced technologies and methods, zebra fishes have been increasingly applied in studies on TCMs and shown advantages in active screening, and toxicity and metabolism studies. In this paper, TCM studies by using zebra fishes in recent years are summarized to provide new ideas and methods for basic studies on TCMs.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Zebrafish ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

Adenosine ; metabolism ; Adenosine Kinase ; metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; methods ; Diet, Ketogenic ; Energy Metabolism ; Epilepsy ; diet therapy ; metabolism ; Humans

Objective To investigate the etiology,clinical charactieristics,treatment and prognosis in pediatric hemoptysis to provide reference for its diagnosis and treatment to pediatric doctors .Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical manifestations ,laboratory tests ,imagiological and bronchoscopic manifestations ,treatment methods and outcomes in the children patients with hemoptysis as the chief complaint admitted to our hospital from April 2009 and December 2014 .Results A-mong 102 children cases of hemoptysis ,55 cases were male and 47 cases were female .The median age was (7 .05 ± 1 .2) years old . Mild hemoptysis was in 87 cases(85 .3% ) ,moderate hemoptysis was in 10 cases(9 .8% ) and massive hemoptysis was in 5 cases (4 .9% ) .The relatively exact causes of hemoptysis were found in 88 cases ,in which the lower respiratory tract infection was most common ,the top 3 causes were pneumonia ,pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchitis .In the non-infection causes ,idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis(IPH) was most common ,while connective tissue diseases ,pulmonary vascular malformation and airway foreign body were rare .85 cases showed different pathological lesions on chest CT scan .Among the 35 cases underwent the bronchoscopy ,3 ca-ses of bronchial stenosis caused by granulation proliferation was improved after bronchoscopic cryotherapy ,5 cases of active bleed-ing under endoscopic stopped bleeding by topical hemostasis ,among 10 cases of suspected tuberculosis with negative sputum bacte-ria ,acid-fast bacilli was found in 8 cases by bronchofiberscopic lavage .The treatment of pediatric hemoptysis was dominated by the medical etiological and symptomatic therapy .Conclusion Chest CT scan can provide a very important basis for the etiological diag-nosis of hemoptysis and the bronchoscopy examination also has an important value in the diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis . The etiological and symptomatic treatment is predominat in pediatric hemoptysis ,and the majority have good prognosis .