Free fatty acids(FFAs) provide an important energy source and also act as signaling molecules.Medium to long-chain free fatty acids can activate the intracellular signal pathways in the pancreatic ?-cells and play a role in regulating insulin secretion as an extracellular signal molecular via binding to the FFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 40(GPR40). Furthermore,GPR40 is associated with several biological effects including cell proliferation and antiapoptosis of nerve cells.GPR40 act an important role in the connection of obesity and diabetes or cancers.GPR40 will probably become a novel kind of antidiabetic and anticancer drugs.

Animal model of aged rat nephrotoxicity was induced by i. p. administrationof gentamycin in a dose of 140mg/kg/day. Part of those rats were treated with CordycepsSinensis(CS), Epimedium(Ep) and Astragalus Membranaccus (AM) in form of decoc-tion per Os and others seryed as control. The results were summarized as. 1. The nephro-toxicity of gentamycin was aggrevated with age. CS, Ep and AM are effective drugs inpreventing the tdeular damage caused by gentamycin in rats. The pathological changes ofrenal tuoules of the rat groups which treated with CS, Ep and AM were less severe thanthat of the control. 2. CS, Ep and AM could prevent the decline of renal cortical Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity of aged rat induced by gentamycin.

ve To assess the protective effect of fentanyl on primary cultured myocardial cells against injury induced by anoxia-reoxygenation. Methods Ventricular myocardial cells enzymatically isolated and cultured in 1640 culture medium for 6 days were randomly divided into 5 groups: group A received no anoxia served as control; group B received 2 hours anoxia followed by half an hour reoxygenation; and group C, D and E received 10ng ? ml-1, 30 ng ? ml-1 and 50 ng? ml-1 fentanyl respectively before anoxia-reoxygenation. The cell viability, myocardial intracellular content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) were measured at the end of the experiment. Results Anoxia-reoxygenation caused dramatic decrease in cell viability, and increases in myocardial intracellular MDA content and the LDH and CK activities as compared with those in control group. Fentanyl 30 ng?ml-1 and 50 ng?ml-1 significantly attenuated the increases in LDH, CK activities and MDA content, and decrease in cell viability caused by anoxia-reoxygenation. Fentanyl 10ng?ml-1 did not produce any significant changes. Conclusions Fentanyl can produce protective effects on primary cultured cardiomyocytes against anoxia-reoxygenation injury.

As for pediatric patients,antibacterial drugs are the most common prescription drugs.These agents play a significant role in reducing the incidence and mortality of human infections.However,at the same time,some related adverse reactions appeared,such as the impact on intestinal microflora colonization.Intestinal microbial population has great importance in regulating body's metabolism.If early use of antibiotics in life,the composition of the intestinal microbiota will be destroyed,and resulting in obesity.Animal experiments showed that low-dose antibiotics may promote an increase in body weight,and the use of antimicrobial drugs in the early life was more effective than that in late stage.Currently,available human epidemiological investigation indicated that antibacterial drugs had a similar effect in human.Gut flora in early life is essential for the later metabolism of body,but it is susceptible to interference.Using probiotics after the application of antimicrobial drug may be beneficial to improve the balance of intestinal microflora.This may be a new direction to prevent obesity after the early use of antimicrobial drugs.Now,the domestic and foreign reports were combined to elaborate the antibacterial drug metabolism in animals,the influence of body quality on the quality of the human body and the corresponding measures after application of antimicrobial agents.

Objective:To investigate the anti-gout capsule ( AGC) effect on acute gouty arthritis ( AGA) rat tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)level.Methods: Selected 60 SD rats,were randomly divided into normal group,model group,colchicine group(0.8 mg/kg),AGC low dose group (0.3 g/kg) and AGC high dose group (1.2 g/kg),12 rats in each group,detected each group articular cartilage,serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent,observed rats ankle swelling.Results: The model group 24 h,48 h gait behavior scores were(2.57±0.43)point and(2.11±0.50)point,significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05);colchicine group,AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group 24 h,48 h gait behavior score were significantly lower than that of model group (P<0.05).The model group began to swell after modeling 2 h,reached the peak at 12-24 h.The rats in the modeling 72 h each period ,the model group ankle swelling rate were significantly higher than the normal group , the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) .Colchicine group 12 h,24 h and 48 h ankle swelling rate was significantly lower than that of model group ( P<0.05 ) ,AGC high dose group 12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h ankle swelling rate was significantly lower than that of model group ( P<0.05 ) ,AGC low dose group ankle swelling rate was lower than that of the model group only in 24 h ( P<0.05 ) .The model group articular cartilage TNF-αexpression significantly increased compared with normal group ( P<0.05 ) ,but model group and colchicine group difference were no statistically significant ( P>0.05 );AGC high dose group and low dose group articular cartilage TNF-αexpression significantly decreased than model group ( P<0.05).The model group serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent were significantly higher than the normal group (P<0.05);colchicine group,AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent reduced compared with the model group (P<0.05);AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group serum TNF-αwere(0.81±0.27)ng/ml and(0.79±0.31)ng/ml,lower than the colchicines group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:AGC can significantly improve the joint symptoms of AGA rats ,decrease AGA rats articular cartilage tissue ,serum and synovial fluid TNF-αlevel.

Objective:To analyze whether medical insurance and environment protective behaviors could alleviate the influence of environmental pollutions on individual health status.Methods:Using the data of CGSS(2010) to conduct the empirical analysis based on Logit model.Results:Residents' choice on medical insurance and environment protective behaviors could alleviate the damage of environmental pollutions on health.Compared with the young and middle-aged,the elderly effectively alleviated the damage brought by environment pollutions through participating medical insurance.Compared with the low-educated individuals the high-educated inviduals' choices for environment protective behavior could effec tively release the damages brought by environmental pollutions.Conclusion:The government should advocate environmental protective behaviors,provide full coverage of medical insurances to let individuals alleviate the damages of environmental pollutions by their rational choice.More emphasis should be paid to the damage of environmental pollutions on the elderly group and individuals with lower education.

Neural stem cells are a study hot spot in neurobiological science and neurosurgery in the near future. The transplantation of neural stem cells already became a new way which be used for treating the injury and degenerative disease in the nervous system, because of the self-renewal and cell differentiation bionomics. However, how to get massive neural stem cells, which can be used in animal experiment and clinical application, has constrainted the development of stem cell technique.This article introduced the harvesting methods of embryonic stem cells, adult neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, in order to lead cellular transplant treatment into clinical treatment plan by a safe and effective mode.

Based on concerns during stents manufacturing, the tubing purchase specifications of coronary stents have been proposed, and the key role of process inspection for judging the qualified tubing have been justified. By comparing the incoming inspection and the process inspection, it is concluded that the process inspection, as basis for optimizing tubing, is indispensable for selecting and confirming the tubing.

Amino acids (AA) as substrates of gluconeogenesis could promote endogenous glucose production.Some AA can enhance insulin secretion. Recently,many studies have found that some AA can also activate mammalian target of rapamycin-S6 kinase 1 ( mTOR-S6K1 ) pathway,resulting in maintaining pancreatic β cell function on one hand,and on the other hand,inhibiting insulin signal transduction of insulin-sensitive cells and thus causing insulin resistance.

Diabetes mellitus impacts patient survival and quality of life mainly due to its acute and chronic complications.Pancreas transplantation may restore normoglycemia and reduce the complication of insulin-dependent diabetes,thus improving the quality of life and prolonging patient's survival.Although pancreas transplantation requires major surgery and life-long immunosuppression therapy,it currently remains the gold stand for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus,who do not respond to conventional therapy.Meanwhile,potential of the islet transplantation,insulin-producing cells replacement therapy,and artificial pancreas as the alternative to pancreas transplantation are under investigation.