Because preterm infants are premature,the rates of refractive errors and visual abnormalities are significantly higher than those normal full-term infants.By understanding their refractive characteristics and the factors those affect visual development,meanwhile,recognizing that premature birth also plays a role in the refractive or visual development of preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),we can establish the strict follow-up system,then early detection and be early in time for premature children with clinical intervention or treatment which is beneficial for normal visual development.It is extremely important to reduce abnormal visual development in preterm children,and to improve the visual quality of patients and quality of life.This paper summarizes the researches of refractive and visual development in preterm infants.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of the three operation mode in treatment of ovarian cyst. Methods According to the digital table,138 patients with ovarian cyst were divided into three groups,the group A (n=46 cases)were operated through open operation,group B (n =46 cases)were operated through transvaginal operation,group C(n=46 cases)were operated through laparoscopic operation.The three groups were observed the situation of operation (operation time,bleeding volume,the first exhaust time,hospitalizationtime ),complications (infection,hemorrhage,perimenopausal changes ),postoperative follow -up for 1 years.The recurrence rate was observed.Results Group A of 46 patients were successfully completed surgery,B,C groups of 1 patients was con-versed to laparotomy due to severe adhesion.B,C groups in the operation time,amount of bleeding during the opera-tion,the time of hospitalization were significantly less than that of group A (t=4.306,5.172,3.012,3.926,3.776, 2.168,P<0.05,P<0.01).B group was significantly less than those of A,C group in the first exhaust time (t=3.014,2.446,all P<0.05).In the operation time of group B was obviously less than that of group C (t=2.748,P<0.05).A,B,C three groups of postoperative complication rates were 39.1%,11.1%,15.6% respectively;the incidence of complications of B,C groups was lower than that in A group (χ2 =9.82,8.64,all P<0.01 ).After 1years follow-up,the recurrence rate in group B was significantly higher than that of A and C groups (χ2 =6.72, 6.72,all P<0.01).Conclusion Treatment of ovarian cyst vaginal surgery and laparoscopic surgery wound is small, but the person that weigh should be performed open adhesion treatment,individualized treatment.

Pancreatic cancer was one of common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, early diagnosis of which was difficult and surgical resection rate was low. The prognosis was poor, and its incidence increased year by year. Conventional treatment of pancreatic cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but 90％ of the patients had lost the surgical opportunity when they see a doctor, and not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Relative to these traditional treatments, gene therapy is an innovative approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and had attracted wide attention in recent years. Many gene therapy drugs for pancreatic cancer had now entered Ⅰ / Ⅱ clinical trials. The gene therapy techniques for pancreatic cancer included antisense gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. In this article, we reviewed recent advances in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To investigate the impact of clopidogrel or aspirin resistance on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to explore the application value of thromboelastogram (TEG) in antiplatelet therapy. Methods: A total of 177 ACS patients admitted in our hospital from 2012-09 to 2014-12 were enrolled. The patients were at the mean age of (70.4±10.7) years, all of them received TEG and coagulation function test. Based on the reaction of antiplatelet therapy, they were divided into 2 groups: Non-resistance group,n=98 and Resistance group,n=70, which was further divided into 2 subgroups as Maintenance dose subgroup,n=39 and Increased dose subgroup,n=40. The patients were followed-up for 3 months to observe MACE occurrence including cardiovascular death, angina recurrence, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute thrombosis and hemorrhage. Results: In Resistance group, there were 50/79 (63.3%) patients with aspirin resistance and 29 (36.7%) with clopidogrel resistance. Compared with Non-resistance group, Resistance group showed decreased coagulation time, clot formation time, TEG reducing rate after 30 minutes maximum amplitude (LY30), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and international normalized ratio (INR), allP<0.05; while increased levels angle, maximum amplitude of TEG, coagulationindex, ifbrinogen and D-dimer, allP<0.05. Compared with Non-resistance group, Resistance group had the higher MACE rate 21.5% vs 7.1%,P<0.05; in addition, Increased dose subgroup had the lower MACE rate than Maintenance dose subgroup 17.5 vs 25.6%,P<0.05. Conclusion: Clopidogrel or aspirin resistance had the higher incidence of MACE in elder ACS patients; TEG was helpful for guiding antiplatelet therapy and reducing MACE incidence.

BACKGROUND:Existing studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can significantly improve islet function in diabetic rats to decrease excessively high blood glucose level, which may be related to the enhancement of differentiation ability of autologou pancreatic stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor gene eukaryotic expression vector (PEGFP-C3-BFGF) transfection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in diabetic rats.
METHODS:Recombinant adenovirus (Ad.aFGF) mediated PEGFP-C3-BFGF was transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, and PEGFP-C3-BFGF expression was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group, transplantation group, gene transfection group, with 20 rats in each group. After modeling, rats in different groups were given portal vein injection of normal saline, PBS, 1 mL of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension, and 1 mL of PEGFP-C3-BFGF-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension. RT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of matrix metal oproteinases in pancreatic tissue of rats in each group. Blood glucose levels of rats were detected at 24 hours, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after transplantation. ELISA method was used to detect plasma insulin levels in rats. Pathological changes of the pancreas were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the fluorescence microscope, PEGFP-C3-BFGF transfected into cel s after 48 hours showed significant specific red fluorescence. Two weeks after transplantation, matrix metal oproteinases mRNA expression was significantly increased in the diabetes group compared with the control group (P<0.05), while it was decreased in the transplantation and gene transfection groups compared with the diabetes group (P<0.05). After transplantation, the blood glucose levels in rats were ranked as fol ows:control groupgene transfection group>transplantation group>diabetes group (P<0.05). Pathological findings of the pancreas showed that the transplantation group was superior to the diabetes group, but inferior to the gene transfection group that was similar to the control group. Al these findings indicate that PEGFP-C3-BFGF-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve blood glucose levels and stimulate insulin secretion in diabetic rats, which may improve the severity of diabetes mel itus by decreasing the mRNA expression of matrix metal oproteinases.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders is a common functional disease without organic pathologic changes, mainly including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.As the dissatisfaction, side effects and recurrence with drug treatment, transcutaneous electrical stimulation has taken an important role in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in recent years.This article reviewed the progress of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in treatment of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase Ⅰ type (HSV 1\|tk) and Ganciclovir(GCV) in animal model of human glioma. Methods We demonstrated that tk gene was stably integrated into the genome of retrovirus vector producing cell line pN 2A\|tk/VPC(VPC) by Southern blot hybridization; then we established the nude mice model of glioma by inoculating the VPC and the human glioma cells DBTRG\|05MG(05MG) at 1∶1,1∶4 ratios respectively(only inoculated 05MG cells as control group), then GCV treatment was administrated i.p.,30mg/(kg\5d), twice daily for 14 days. A week later, the nude mice were sacrificed and the pathological sections of tumor tissues were observed by light microscopy. Results The tumor mass of 1∶1 group decreased remarkably compared with 1∶4 group or control group respectively ( P

Objective:To test the reliability of BMDC-NPTB-CR. Method: 182 elderlies were tested with the BMDC-NPTB-CR. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale were calculated. Result:70% of the items in BMDC-NPTB-CR were moderate in difficulty. The correlation between total score and subscores were in 0.50～0.88(P

Objective　To discuss the long-term curative effect of botulinum toxin A(BTXA) for treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle.Methods　Ninty-two patients with spasm of eyelid and facial muscle were treated with BTXA and observed for a long term.Results　After being injected with BTXA for 1～4 days, the spasm relieved gradually. Sixteen weeks later, the spasm symptoms relapsed. The relapse began mostly from eyelid spasm. The facial spasm's relief time was longer. lt might be up to 24 weeks. After injection, the patients had some slight complications of facial expression numb, ptosis and fissura palpebrae. The above complication symptoms recovered by themselves after two weeks. Conclusion　The curative effect of BTXA on treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle is reliable.

Objective To establish an intelligent nutritional diet analysis system in the hospital to guide and monitor the patient's diets and nutrition.Methods Individual health report and nutrition prescription were output intelligently through an intelligent nutritional diet knowledge-based system as well as the interfaces between the modules of electronic record interchange,intelligent nutrition analysis and diet management,and the modules were all interfaced with HIS and LIS respectively.Results The patient's diets and satisfaction were all enhanced by the system.Conclusion The system integrates computer technology into nutritional diet management to realize whole-course traceable closed-loop management.