Background: Rate of anemia is quite high in hospitals. This condition occurs in all age groups, genders, occupations and all areas of the country. The assessment of the situation, degree, nature as well as classification of anemia is necessary for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Objectives: To study the features of anemia on the patients treated in Thai Binh General hospital. Subjects and methods: the analytic descriptive study was carried out on 3522 cases who were treated in Thaibinh General hospital from May 1st, 2004 to April 30th, 2005. Results: The percentage of the anemic patients was 14.16% of the total patients in Thaibinh General hospital. The rate of the anemia of children was 57.61 % and the elderly was 19% of all anemic patients. The rate of mild anemia was 64.2% and the sever anemia was 14.9%. The rate of chronic anemia was 72.9%. The microcytic anemia was 45.94%, the macrocytic anemia was 0.57%. The anemia in the blood diseases and hematopoietic diseases were 8.38% including thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, leukemia, aplastic anemia and hemophilia. Conclusions: The rate of patients with anemia in Thai Binh General Hospital in period of 2004 - 2005 was 14.16% in the total patients treated; among them the rate of anemia in children was high. This problem needs to be interested in children \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Anemia/ epidemiology

Background: In the past decades, preventive medicine had achieved significant success by promoting the effective prevention. However, we were facing with the rising again of dangerous infectious diseases that had been controlled. Ministry of Health had approved the development support project for preventive medicine system to strengthen early detection and control diseases in time. Objectives: To survey the manpower and the demand for training in basic microbiology technique of Centres for preventive medicine. Subjects and method: Technicians of 29 centres for preventive medicine in North provinces were surveyed and the results were studied by the described cross method. Results: Number of technicians graduated difference, fluctuated from 3 to 14 person per unit. The women were 80.4%; men were 19.6%. The staff who have degrees of postgraduate was 5.3%; University graduated was 41.2%; middle-ranking was 53.6%. Their specialities were very different: medicine doctor was 15.2%; biologists were 8.8%. The rest were nurse, technicians convalesce nurse, Medical Public Health...(34.4%). Among the demand for obtain the train in Microbiology, basic and advance labiratory techniques, 19.4% were the requests for training in basic microbiology; 16.4% were for molecular technology; 21.4% were for bacterium isolate technology and 19.4% were for virus technology. Conclusion: The results were the basis of creating a appropriate technical training strategy to contribute to the success of the project.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Education

Introduction: Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic rheumatic arthritis with specifically related to lumbar spine and femoral neck. The disease is more common in young men. Inflame and inactive condition of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis leads to a low bone mineral density. Determining osteomalacia has clinical significance because of the relation to bone density.\r\n', u'Objectives: To study the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Ankylosing Spondylitis and to investigate correlation between bone mineral density and age at the beginning of the disease, BASDAI, BMI\r\n', u'Subjects and methods:119 male patients with ankylosing spondylitis, mean age of 29.0 \xb1 10.8 as defined by New York criteria modified in 1984. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip with Unigamma X ray - Plus. Results: 26.1 % of patients had lumbar spine osteopenia and osteoporosis, while 41.2% had femoral neck osteopenia and osteoporosis. The beginning of the disease was 22.1 \xb1 7.8 and had correlation with bone density in lumbar spine. Low BMI group had decreased bone density in lumbar spine and femoral neck (BMI < 18.5), (p=0.0001 and p=0,005, respectively). Patients with active disease had lower bone density than those with stable disease.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Ankylosing spondylitis patients have decreased BMD values at both the spine and femur. Bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femoral neck had correlation with the BMI, Bone mineral density at femoral neck had correlation with BASDAI. \r\n', u'
Ankylosing spondylitis ; Bone mineral density ; Osteoporosis ; DXA.

Background: The method of immunoelectron microscopy has been found more than 20 years. It is widely applied to detect and identify some types of virus in medical waste samples.\r\n', u'Objectives: To identify antigen location of Rota virus in organelle of the Vero cell and primary monkey kidney cells after infecting and to study the interaction between the virus and host cells.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on Rota virus G1P8 (KH0118) isolated from patients with symptoms of acute diarrhea, primary monkey kidney cells collected from Macaca mulatta monkey and the Vero cell of WHO. \r\n', u'Results: Gold particles (10nm) coated protein A and polyclonal antibodies were used to interact directly with Rotavirus proteins \r\n', u'These gold particles with high electron density revealed the antigen location of the Rota virus in the lysosome, pouch and other compartments of the cytoplasm.\r\n', u'Newly assembled viral particles could be identified only after 18-20hours post-infection. It is also noteworthy that viral particles and empty capsides (virus like particles) were comprised into cytoplasmic vesicles associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system.\r\n', u'Conclusion: In order to better understand the interaction mechanism of virus and host cells, the use of this method together with specific monoclonal antibodies for each protein component of viruses and cells is essential.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Rotavirus ; Vero Cells ;

Background: In recent years, some arbo viruses which causes acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been identified in serveral countries in the world such as Chandipura virus belonging to Rhabdoviridae family in India, Banna virus belonging to Reoviridae family in China. In Vietnam, apart from Japanese Encephalitis Virus which is considered as main cause of AES, there are a few intestinal viruses like Herpes symplex virus type 1 and 4 and Nam Dinh virus considering other causes of AES. Objective: To identify the hyppothesis that one virus strain parasitizing in mosquito in Gia Lai province causes AES in order to provide more information about virus strains which cause AES in Vietnam. Subjects and method: Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36 was used for the isolation of virus in 43 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who were treated in Gia Lai hospital, from January/2005 to July/2005. Result and Conclusion: One virus strain from a 3-year old girl in Gia Lai province was isolated in 2005. The virus coded 05VN225 has the morphology similar to other viruses belonging to Reoviridea family.The nucleic acid sequence of the virus was checked with specific primers of alphavirus and flavirus groups, Nam Dinh virus and Conti virus group B (reovirus) of the Reoviridae. The positive result was confirmed with reovirus primers. This member of the Reoviridae family was isolated from acute encephalitis syndrome in Vietnam in 2005. Further study on pathology of the virus is very necessary.
Encephalitis ; Arbovirus/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Reoviridae/ growth & ; development ; pathogenicity ;

Background: Open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes haemostatic abnormalities which result in postoperative excessive bleeding. Objectives: To investigate haemostatic disorders before - after CPB and postoperative bleeding. Subjects and methods: Sixty congenital cardiac patients with and without cyanosis were recruited consecutively. Hematology and coagulation tests were done 1 day before operation, 15 minutes after protamine administration, 2 and 6 hours after the operation in the intensive care unit (lCU). Mediastinal chest tube drainage (MCTO) was measured for the first 6h in the ICU. Results: Significant differences between 2 groups could be found for red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products (FOP), von Kaulla and platelet aggregation to epinephrine before operation (p < 0.05). There were not significant differences in platelets, PT, APTT, platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (AOP) in the acyanotic and cyanotic patients (p > 0.05). Most hematology parameters were decreased significantly and hemostasis measurements were prolonged after operation in both groups (p < 0.05). There was also the significant difference in MCTO between 2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coagulation, hemostasis and fibrinolysis disorders; thrombocytopenia and acquired transient platelet dysfunction may be responsible for bleeding complications after CBP \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ pathology ; epidemiology ; Hemostatic Disorders/ pathology ; diagnosis

Background: In countries that cholera outbreaks commonly occurs, surveillance of surface water is important to control the epidemics. Kappa phage (K139) of Vibrio cholerae is related to epidemic El Tor and O139 strains in various countries. Objectives: To study the relationships between V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water in Thai Binh and Hai Phong city and to determine the predictors of cholera outbreaks. Subjects and method: Total of 82 water samples were collected by shrimp swab method in Hai Phong and Thai Binh in June and September 2007, where cholera outbreaks occurred. The enriched culture method and direct peR were applied to define the relationships between vibriophages and V. cholerae 01 in surface water. Results: The rates of detecting kappa junction with chromosomes of V. cholerae 01 in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 10% and 15% in June 2007, 35% and 41% in September 2007. The rates of detecting vibriophages in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 15% and 15% in June 2007, 25% and 36% in September 2007. The rates of Fs1 and Fs2 detected by PCR method were 70% and 100% in Hai Phong at June and September 2007, and were 57% and 100% in Thai Binh at June and September 2007, respectively. V. cholerae 01, O139 weren\u2019t found in water samples. Conclusion: The presences of vibriophages (kappa phage and fs1 fs2) in surface water contaminated with V. cholerae 01 were dependent on the ability of the vibriophages to infect and lyse these bacteria. Vibriophages played a role in the transfer of cholera toxin and pathogenic factors. Surveillance by detecting V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water may be a feasible means of predicting outbreaks of cholera before a significant number of cases occur.
Vibrio cholerae 01 ; vibriophages ; surface water ; cholera outbreaks

Vietnam boasts a rich and diverse flora, with many endemic species. Among them, Ngoc Linh ginseng (Vietnamese ginseng; scientific name: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.), a high-value endemic ginseng species, has been recognized as a national treasure. While numerous studies have been conducted on its rhizomes and roots, research on its leaves remains limited. In this study, six compounds (1–6) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of P. vietnamensis. Their structures were elucidated using ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, and comparisons with known literature data. The identified compounds are: 12β,20(R),25-β trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1); 12β,20(R),25-trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2); notoginsenoside SFt1 (3); ginsenoside Rh2 (4); ginsenoside Rg3 (5) and notoginsenoside L1 (6). Except for compound 3, which was isolated from the leaves for the first time, the other five compounds are reported from this species for the first time. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay of the pure isolated compounds revealed that compounds 1, 4, and 6 exhibited significant activities, with IC50 values of 133.5, 105.5, and 14.9, respectively. For comparison, the positive control, acarbose, had an IC50 value of 138.2 µM.

Vietnam boasts a rich and diverse flora, with many endemic species. Among them, Ngoc Linh ginseng (Vietnamese ginseng; scientific name: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.), a high-value endemic ginseng species, has been recognized as a national treasure. While numerous studies have been conducted on its rhizomes and roots, research on its leaves remains limited. In this study, six compounds (1–6) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of P. vietnamensis. Their structures were elucidated using ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, and comparisons with known literature data. The identified compounds are: 12β,20(R),25-β trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1); 12β,20(R),25-trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2); notoginsenoside SFt1 (3); ginsenoside Rh2 (4); ginsenoside Rg3 (5) and notoginsenoside L1 (6). Except for compound 3, which was isolated from the leaves for the first time, the other five compounds are reported from this species for the first time. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay of the pure isolated compounds revealed that compounds 1, 4, and 6 exhibited significant activities, with IC50 values of 133.5, 105.5, and 14.9, respectively. For comparison, the positive control, acarbose, had an IC50 value of 138.2 µM.

Vietnam boasts a rich and diverse flora, with many endemic species. Among them, Ngoc Linh ginseng (Vietnamese ginseng; scientific name: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.), a high-value endemic ginseng species, has been recognized as a national treasure. While numerous studies have been conducted on its rhizomes and roots, research on its leaves remains limited. In this study, six compounds (1–6) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of P. vietnamensis. Their structures were elucidated using ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, and comparisons with known literature data. The identified compounds are: 12β,20(R),25-β trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1); 12β,20(R),25-trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2); notoginsenoside SFt1 (3); ginsenoside Rh2 (4); ginsenoside Rg3 (5) and notoginsenoside L1 (6). Except for compound 3, which was isolated from the leaves for the first time, the other five compounds are reported from this species for the first time. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay of the pure isolated compounds revealed that compounds 1, 4, and 6 exhibited significant activities, with IC50 values of 133.5, 105.5, and 14.9, respectively. For comparison, the positive control, acarbose, had an IC50 value of 138.2 µM.