A molecular epidemiological analysis of newly isolated strains of EV71 in West Pacific Region was carried out. VP1 region of recently isolated EV71 were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis had revealed 2 major genogroup B and C. Basing on nucleotid sequences in VP1 region, those 2 genogroups were divided into sub-groups of B1,B2,B3,B4 and C2,C2,C3,C4. North Vietnam isolated EV71 strains and 4 Shanghai isolate EV71 strains had composed a new genogroup belonging to C4 sub-group genes. South Vietnam isolated EV1 strains and Thailand recently isolated EV71 strains had composed special genogroup belonging C1 sub-group genes
Epidemiology, Molecular ; Enterovirus ; epidemiology ; viruses

498 healthy children aged from 1 to 10 years were examined on the relationships between immunized status and a number of received OPV doses as well as the period of time after the last OPV dose. The results showed that the mixed antibody rate of 3 types was 86.5%; the monotype antibody rate was 97.8% in type 1, 99.7% in type 2 and 89.3% in type 3. Antibody titer was very high in all ages, GMTs of type 1 and type 2 were 143 and 146, respectively while that of type 3 was 31. Antibody rate and antibody titer with poliovirus had decreased year by year, have relationship with the number of received OPV doses, as well as the duration after the last OPV dose
Poliovirus ; Immunization ; child

On 200 samples of CSF with negative reaction to cephalitis virus from children suffering from acute cephalitis at National Institute of Pediatry and 250 fecal samples of healthy children aged of 2-6 years in kindergartens and creches, an investigation was performed in the year 2001. 44% of CSF sample had positive reaction to enteroviruses, among them 96.6% were ECHO 30/virus, the rest samples were ECHO 6. The incidence was 1.7 time higher in boys than in girls, their 97% were 3-14 years old. The epidemy appeared in June-July. Clinical symptoms were headache 100%, fever and nausea 90%, stiff nape 72.7%. The rate of enterovirus in healthy children accounted for 70% in 2 year old age children and 6% in 5 years old children
Enteroviruses, Porcine ; Meningitis ; Child

At the National Institute of Pediatrics, the cause of acute respiratory inflammation was studied. Most of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with pneumonia and bronchitis were S.pneumoniae (48%) and H.influenzae (44%). The methods using antibiotics dilution on agar to determine the minimum concentration of bacteria and PCR to determine the penicillin resistant gene sequences were used. Results showed that 58% of strains of S.pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin with a sensitivity 19%; 74% resistant to cefotaxin, sensitivity 16%. Other beta-lactamase antibiotics except ampicillin (resistance 35%, sensitivity 30%)
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; bacteria ; Respiratory Tract Diseases

ELISA technique was used to determine promtly the specific antibodies in equine sera. The results were comparable to these of mouse neutralization test. This method was recommended to monitor the antibody response in horse and to determine the titers of rabies antibody
Rabies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Diseases

A retrospective study on the budget and fee utility for 1000 patients in Thuû nguyªn, Tiªn l·ng district hospital from March 1998 to April 1998 has shown that the state budget allocated for district hospitals mainly were low level (66% and 69% total budget of Thuû nguyªn and Tiªn l·ng, respectively). This did not facilitate to poor people who can receive the health services in district hospitals. There has not been the budget which allocated to poor people. And there has not been the equity in hospital fee between subjects with different income.
Hospitals ; Hospital Costs ; Family Characteristics

Background: Bacteria are among the common pathogens in Vietnam and other developing countries. Antibiotics are effective in the treatment, but the antibiotics gradually become ineffective due to drug resistance of bacteria, especially in children. The study on influenza virus in 2001-2003 has resulted in preventative activities against the acute respiratory tract infections in children.\r\n', u'Objectives: Determine the root cause bacterial infections and often determine the extent of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in Hai Phong pediatric Hospital.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: At Microorganism Department of Hai Phong pediatric Hospital from January 2003 to December 2004, 558 trains of common pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 0 -15 year old children clinical samples such as: blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool...These samples of isolated microorganisms were also tested on their sensitiveness to several antibiotics.\r\n', u'Results:Findings showed that the 3 most frequently recognized bacterier out of 11 antibiotic sensitive tested species were: streptococcus pneumoniae (20.61%), neisseria (18.1%), E.coli (15.95%); and the most resisted antibiotics included: Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ampiciline. The staph was resistant to general Chlora, phenicol, Co-trimoxazol, and also sensitive to cefotacim, Amikacin. In the bacillus bacteria tested were resistant blue latex all, only works with Amikacin.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Its also found that every kind of tested bacterium had got various levels of sensitivity to different of antibiotics.\r\n', u'
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; Adenoviridae ; Influenza ; Human ;

Subject: patients with ages of 65 and lower from 1/3-15/4/1998 in Thñy nguyªn and Tiªn l·ng district hospitals, Hi phßng province. Method: cross sectional study; sample size: 1000 patients. Results: 10% patients with health insurance complain about the physician’s attitude in the out patient consultation where as no patients without health insurance complains about the physician’s attitude. In both hospitals, there are 50% out patient with health insurance and 10% in patients with health insurance who said that the prescribed drugs are mainly the domestic drugs, even not enough drugs so patients with health insurance must buy additional drugs
therapeutics ; Referral and Consultation

In 2004, 10 poliovirus strains were isolated from 4 acute flaccid paralytic cases (AFP). All these poliovirus strains were confirmed as Sabin-like strains. 66 other non-polio enterovirus strains were also isolated including 29 echoviruses, coxsackie B viruses and 30 untyped enteroviruses. These virus strains were isolated from 489 stool specimens of 245 AFP cases. The results confirmed the free status of the stable sustaining poliomyelitis in Viet nam.
Viruses ; Enterovirus ; Poliomyelitis, Patients

In the period from 2000 to 2004, 393 non-polio enterovirus strains were isolated containing 140 Echoviruses, 35 coxsackie viruses and 218 untyped enteroviruses. These viral strains were isolated from 2,232 stool specimens of 1,116 patients with acute flaccid paralysis. 32 poliovirus isolates were all Sabin viruses. The result confirmed the free status of the sustaining of poliomyelitis between 2000 and 2004 in Vietnam.
Enterovirus ; Poliomyelitis, Patients