System suitability tests are an integral part of liquid chromatographic technique. They are used to verify the resolution (R) and reproducibility of the analysis to be done. HPLC method for assaying the related substances test of Cefaclor in raw material as well as in pharmaceutical dosage forms introduced to some pharmacopoeia such as EP, USP need to use Delta- 3 cefaclor as the internal standard to verify the suitability of chromatographic system. In case of lacking it to use, Cephalexin can be used as the internal standard in place of Delta-3 cefaclor. cell
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cefaclor

Phyllanthoideae is a primitive subfamily of Euphorbiaceae in Vietnam. This subfamily consists of 9 sorts, 17 genera and 192 species. Among which 46 species (23,96%) of the total 192 species used medicinally, most of which are in the Phyllanthus (10 species), Glochidion (9 species), Antidesma (7 species)...Among these, 60.87% are trees, the rest are shrubs and herbs, but no lianas. The most parts for treatment are leaves, and then the roots, the barks, the fruits and the whole trees.
Plants, Medicinal ; Euphorbiaceae ; Biochemistry

Background: Paracheck F.test is rapid diagnostic test that use to determine presence of histidine rich protein 2-HPR-2, a component of Plasmodium falciparum in total blood. Paracheck F.test producted by India\r\n', u'Objective: To study the sensitivity, specificity and diagnosed conformity of Rapid Diagnosis Test (Paracheck F test) compared with microscopic method for detecting P.falciparum \r\n', u'Subject and method: The study was conducted in 5 communes of Quang Tri province and 1 commune of Quang Binh province from September to November in 2006. A total of 470 blood samples were collected and examined with 2 methods for detecting P falciparum (Microscopy and Rapid Diagnosis Test- Paracheck). \r\n', u'Results:Among these blood samples, there were 438 samples having complete conformity in both two methods. 29 samples were negative with microscopy but positive with Paracheck. 3 samples were positive with Paracheck but negative with microscopy.\r\n', u'Conclusion: the sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck is 99% and 82%, respectively. Both microscopic and Paracheck methods have a high conformity in detecting P falciparum with the Kappa index of 0.84. \r\n', u'
Sensitivity ; specificity ; diagnosed conformity ; Paracheck F test ; microscopy

Background: Sciatic neuralgia syndrome is a quite common condition in clinical of internal medicine diseases. The syndrome is not life threatening but reduce the ability to work and activities of the patients. The disease is more common in men than women and most of working age.\r\n', u'Objectives: To define the clinical characteristics of sciatic neuralgia syndrome. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The cross sectional study was carried out on 48 sciatic neuralgia patients aged from 16 to 70, treated at Bach Mai hospital. The research indices were clinical and traditional medicine characteristics of sciatic neuralgia syndrome.\r\n', u'Results: Sciatic neuralgia was common in the 20-39 year old (87.5%) age group. The male to female ratio was 1.7 (p<0.01). The sciatic neuralgia syndrome rose after excessive exercise (50%). In almost hernia cases of vertebral disc on spinal column was detected by MRI (83.3%). The impaired nerve root was L5 (64.6%). Acupuncture sites were on gallbladder meridian (50.0%), bladder meridian (20.8%) and coordinated (29.2%)\r\n', u'Conclusion: The sciatic neuralgia syndrome causing hernia on spinal column was common at 20-59 year old age. The male number was higher than female. Almost sciatic neuralgia patients had noticed pain on the gallbladder meridian (p<0.05).\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
sciatic neuralgia syndrome ; clinical characteristic

Background: In many studies on aplastic anemic patients, hemorrhage syndrome is expressed in mainly subcutaneous hemorrhage, gum hemorrhage and menorrhagia in women. In traditional medicine, there are many remedies to treat the hemorrhage syndrome in aplastic anemic patients, such as \u201cBao nguyen thang\u201d, \u201cNhi tien thang\u201d, \u201cNhi chi hoan\u201d, \u201cO ke bach Phuong hoan\u201d, \u201cQuy ty thang\u201d herbal remedies\u2026 Objectives: To research the effects of supplemental treatment for hemorrhage syndrome by \u201cDuong quy bo huyet thang\u201d herbal remedy on aplastic anemic patients. Subjects and method: A study was carried out on 60 aplastic anemic patients at Bach Mai Hospital from October 2006 to October 2007. The subjects were divided into two groups: group I was treated with blood transfusion, corticoid and supplemental treatment by \u201cDuong quy bo huyet thang\u201d remedy; group II was only treated with blood transfusion and corticoid. This was a controlled, randomized clinical trial. Results: The average age of the patients was 40.57 +/- 16.77 years in group I and 41.73 +/- 17.14 years in group II (p>0.05). The male-female ratio was 1.07. The number of patients with hemorrhage syndrome decreased from 66.7% to 36.7% after 60 days of treatment. The platelet counts increased from 20.85 +/- 13.57 g/l to 28.94 +/- 16.92 g/l (p<0.05). Conclusions: The \u201cDuong quy bo huyet thang\u201d herbal remedy decreased hemorrhage syndrome in aplastic anemic patients.
\u201cDuong quy bo huyet thang\u201d remedy ; hemorrhage syndrome ; aplastic anemia

To investigated the protective potential of ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis ) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Methods: Dried roots of S. baicalensis were extracted with ethanol and concentrated to yield a dry residue. Mice were administered 200 mg/kg of the ethanol extracts orally once daily for one week. Animals were subsequently administered a single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection). Both protein and mRNA levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in liver tissues were evaluated by ELISA assay and quantitative PCR. Cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB protein levels in liver tissues were analyzed by western blotting. Results: Liver injury induced by LPS significantly increased necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB in liver tissues. Treatment with ethanol extracts of S. baicalensis prevented all of these observed changes associated with LPS-induced injury in liver mice. Conclusions: Our study showed that S. baicalensis is potentially protective against LPS-induced liver injury in mice.

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.
HIP expression ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a common disease in developing countries. Morbidity and mortality of ARI are high, especially among children under 15 years old. Objectives: To describe socio-graphic factors, seasonal patterns, risky areas and determine the morbidity and mortality rates of acute respiratory infections in Thai Binh province. Subjects and method: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 4,585 hospital admitted patients who were diagnosed with ARI including upper and lower respiratory infections such as sore throat, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchitis-pneumonia at 8 district hospitals and 1 provincial hospital in Thai Binh province during 2002-2005. The selected medical records were based on the available check list and two standard screening tests. Results:Morbidity and mortality of ARI in Thai Binh province were 61.6 and 0.52, respectively. ARI mainly occurred among children under 5 years old, of which the highest mortality was among those under 12 months of age. Male children were at higher risk of acquiring ARI, but less prone to death than female. Occupation did not significantly associate with the risk of ARI. The morbidity increased sharply during inter-season, e.g. March and October. Thai Binh city, Kien Xuong and Tien Hai district were reported with the highest morbidity in accompany of the high mortality as consequences. Conclusion: The prevention and control methods were recommended to annually focus on the male children aged less than 5 years old during March and October in Thai Binh city, Kien Xuong and Tien Hai district.
morbidity ; mortality ; acute respiratory infections

Objective: To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay. For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential, saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, for 30 days. Results: Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract. The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47μg/mL and 47.97μg/mL, respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18μg/mL and 86.24μg/mL, respectively. In vivo experiments, administration of saponin, saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel (positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume, the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight, and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of su-peroxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue. Conclusions: Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer, especially breast cancer.

Background: In countries that cholera outbreaks commonly occurs, surveillance of surface water is important to control the epidemics. Kappa phage (K139) of Vibrio cholerae is related to epidemic El Tor and O139 strains in various countries. Objectives: To study the relationships between V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water in Thai Binh and Hai Phong city and to determine the predictors of cholera outbreaks. Subjects and method: Total of 82 water samples were collected by shrimp swab method in Hai Phong and Thai Binh in June and September 2007, where cholera outbreaks occurred. The enriched culture method and direct peR were applied to define the relationships between vibriophages and V. cholerae 01 in surface water. Results: The rates of detecting kappa junction with chromosomes of V. cholerae 01 in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 10% and 15% in June 2007, 35% and 41% in September 2007. The rates of detecting vibriophages in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 15% and 15% in June 2007, 25% and 36% in September 2007. The rates of Fs1 and Fs2 detected by PCR method were 70% and 100% in Hai Phong at June and September 2007, and were 57% and 100% in Thai Binh at June and September 2007, respectively. V. cholerae 01, O139 weren\u2019t found in water samples. Conclusion: The presences of vibriophages (kappa phage and fs1 fs2) in surface water contaminated with V. cholerae 01 were dependent on the ability of the vibriophages to infect and lyse these bacteria. Vibriophages played a role in the transfer of cholera toxin and pathogenic factors. Surveillance by detecting V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water may be a feasible means of predicting outbreaks of cholera before a significant number of cases occur.
Vibrio cholerae 01 ; vibriophages ; surface water ; cholera outbreaks