Muscle blood flows by means of hydrogen gas clearance method were measured on hindlimb muscles in sedentary control (nE) and exercised (Ex) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) . SHR and Wistar control rats (WCR) were divided into two groups at 7 weeks of age ; SHRnE, SHREx and WCRnE, WCREx. Exercised rats were bred in cages with rotating wheels capable of running voluntarily for additional 10 weeks. Body weights of exercised groups in both SHR and WCR were lower than those of sedentary controls, whereas food consumptions of exercised rats tended to be more than those of sedentary controls. Ratios of the heart weight to the body weight of SHR and WCR were higher in exercised groups. There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure obtained by an indirect tail-cuff method between exercised and sedentary control SHR. Resting blood flows in both M. Gastrocnemius and M. Soleus showed lower values in SHR groups than those in WCR groups. Postexercise blood flows at 1 Hz and 5 Hz were higher in exercised groups. These results suggest that peripheral adaptability of blood flow control to the exercise is still normal on hindlimb muscles in SHR.

BACKGROUND : This survey examined how a physician's specialty may influence attitudes towards blood glucose control in diabetic patients.
METHODS : A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Ishikawa Medical Association (n=1,610) as well as diabetic specialists (n=36) querying their specialties, confidence in offering diabetic treatment, and treatment goals/change levels of plasma glucose levels for 5 theoretical cases.
RESULTS : 301 physicians responded. The percentage answering treatment goal/change levels was 93% of internal medicine physicians (n=145), 72% of surgeons (n=29), 52% of pediatricians (n=23) and 20% in other specialties (n=99). The percentage answering “I am confident in offering diabetic treatment” was 57% of internal medicine physicians, 14% of surgeons, 13% of pediatricians and 3% in other specialties. There were significant differences among specialties in the fasting plasma glucose levels in the treatment goal, and the postprandial plasma glucose change levels. Internal medicine specialists tended to give higher glucose levels than other specialties.
CONCLUSIONS : The majority of physicians interested in diabetes care appear to be internal medicine specialists. Physician's specialty may influence their attitude toward glucose control in diabetic patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological outcome of the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures by using short segment posterior instrumentation (SSPI) and fusion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The optimal surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures remains a matter of debate. SSPI is one of a number of possible choices, yet some studies have revealed high rates of poor radiological outcome for this SSPI. METHODS: Patients treated using the short segment instrumentation and fusion technique at the Spinal Injuries Center (Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan) from January 1, 2006 to July 31, 2012 were selected for this study. Radiographic parameters such as local sagittal angle, regional sagittal angle, disc angle, anterior or posterior height of the vertebral body at admission, postoperation and final observation were collected for radiological outcome evaluation. RESULTS: There were 31 patients who met the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up duration of 22.7 months (range, 12-48 months). The mean age of this group was 47.9 years (range, 15-77 years). The mean local sagittal angles at the time of admission, post-operation and final observation were 13.1degrees, 7.8degrees and 14.8degrees, respectively. There were 71% good cases and 29% poor cases based on our criteria for the radiological outcome evaluation. The correction loss has a strong correlation with the load sharing classification score (Spearman rho=0.64, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The loss of kyphotic correction following the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture by short segment instrumentation is common and has a close correlation with the degree of comminution of the vertebral body. Patients with high load sharing scores are more susceptible to correction loss and postoperative kyphotic deformity than those with low scores.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries