seconds ; MALAYSIAN ; Prevalence aspects ; Tooth ; Tetracyclines

Although the decreased susceptibility of gonococci to penicillin and tetracycline is a worldwide problem in the treatment of gonorrhea, the gonococci in the West Pacific region are particulary notorious in their resistance. Using a plate dilution method, susceptibility of the gonococci isolated at this institution during 1970 to 1975 was tested to penicillin and tetracycline, which are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea. The data of this susceptibility, together with that of the strains isolated during 1966 to 1969 from prostitutes, were analyzed and herewith reported. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin was 0.01 to 2.0U/ml. Among the 191strains, 87.9% required MIC of 1.0U/ml and over, and 29.3% required 1.0U/ ml and over. The range of MIC of tetracycline was from 0.125 to over 2 microgram/ml. Among the 120 strains, 60% required MIC of 1 microgram/ml and over. This in vitro evidence indicates wide prevalence of less susceptible strains which are difficult to cure with conventional doses of penicillin or with tetracycline. Comparison of the degree and the frequency of less susceptible strains by the year of isolation showed some variation, which may however have been induced by the difference of sources, rather than by the difference of time of isolation.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects* ; Penicillins/pharmacology* ; Tetracyclines/pharmacology*

Fixed drug eruption normally presents as single or multiple sharply demarcated erythematous lesions that recur at the same location upon re-exposure to the offending agent. When the acute inflammation subsides, it often leaves residual hyperpigmentation. Commonly implicated substances are phenolphthalein, barbiturates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, salicylates, gold and pyrazolone derivatives. Despite frequent use of acetaminophen, drug eruptions, especially fixed drug eruptions, due to acetaminophen are extrernely rare. We report here a childhood case of fixed drug eruption caused by acetaminophen, which is extensively used as an over-the-counter drug, as well as in medical therapy.
Acetaminophen* ; Barbiturates ; Drug Eruptions* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Inflammation ; Phenolphthalein ; Salicylates ; Sulfonamides ; Tetracyclines

In recent years, an increasing number of drugs have been reported to cause direct esophageal damage. More than 30 cases on tetracyclines induced esophageal ulcer have been reported since the first description of tetracycline induced esophageal ulcer by Bokey and Hugh in 1975. In Korea, only one case of doxycycline-unduced esophageal ulcer has been reported. Authors have experienced 3 cases of esophageal ulcer probably caused by tetracyclines. The patients had taken their capsules just before going to bed with little fluid intake. About 6-8 hours later they had felt substernal burning sensation and epigastric discomfort. Gastrofiberscopy revealed relatively well demarcated circular ulcers on the mid esophagus. An esophagogram showed no apparent abnormality. Patients's symptoms became negligible with antacid treatment within 2-5 days. One of the causes of the esophageal ulcer is thought to be the delay in transit time of drugs and direct esophageal damage from mucosal contact when tablets are ingested in the recumbent position without an accompanying proper quantity of fluid. If only physicians endow patients with more concern about drug induced esophageal ulcer, they could find out more increasing number of drug induced esophageal ulcers by gastroscopic examination and thereby could prevent tetracycline induced esophageal ulcer.
Burns ; Capsules ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Korea ; Sensation ; Tablets ; Tetracycline ; Tetracyclines* ; Ulcer*

Cancer resistance to treatment ; Peninsular Malaysia ; Tetracyclines ; Salmonella typhi ; Chloramphenicol

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the chromatic properties and translucency of porcelain veneers made from different ceramic materials against the background of tetracycline-stained teeth. METHODS: Porcelain specimens (A1, A3, B2, B4) measuring 0.50 mm in thickness were prepared by heat-press casting and layering. The L*, a*, and b* values of the specimens against simulated tetracycline tooth and black-and-white backgrounds were measured by a spectrophotometer, and color differences ΔE RESULTS: The ΔE CONCLUSIONS When changing the color of tetracycline-stained teeth, 0.50 mm-thick IPS d.SIGN feldspathic veneers with an opaque layer provide better chromatic properties than IPS e.max Press LT glass ceramic veneers. However, the translucency of feldspathic veneers is generally poorer than that of glass ceramic veneers.
Ceramics ; Color ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Veneers ; Materials Testing ; Tetracyclines

BACKGROUND: With the time course, the cost and the amounts of produced antibiotics are increasing but it is difficult to get the exact data and there were limitations to know the trend of antibiotics usage. So we examined the trend of antibiotics usage every five year during 1981-1998 by using two parameters; the cost and the amount of antibiotics produced in South Korea. METHODS: We used the data from 'Annual products of medicine' published by Korea Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association. Every antibiotics were classified to generic names, and the cost and the amounts of produced antibiotics were compared each year. RESULTS: In 1998, the total cost of produced antibiotics was 1,150 billion won and the amount was 708.6 ton. The cost was increased by 20.0% compared to that of 1995. Cephalosporins made the largest proportion of the cost in antibiotic production that was 43.8% (503.3 billion won) in 1998. With the time course proportion of the third and the second generation cephalosporins were increased. Penicillins made the largest proportion (46%) of the total amount and were produced 325.7 ton. Among them, aminopenicillins were 86% of the total cost of penicillins and 95% of the total amount of penicillins. Especially the cost of aminopenicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor was 2.3 times increased since 1993 thus made the major cause of increase. Quinolones were increased 2.1 times and macrolides were increased 2.2 times in production cost for 5 years. Tetracyclines, lincosamides and chloramphenicols were decreased in both production cost and amount, but penicillins and macrolides were increased in production cost even though production amounts were decreased. CONCLUSION: There seemed to be an increase in the cost and the amount of antibiotic production in Korea. Especially productions of newer drugs such as aminopenicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor, third generation cephalosporins, some of macrolides and carbapenems were increased remarkably. And the use of glycopetides, anti-fungal agents, and antiviral agents were increasing also. Some drugs were thought to be an inappropriate use. More epidemiologic study and the guidelines for the proper use of antibiotics are needed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Antiviral Agents ; beta-Lactamases ; Carbapenems ; Cephalosporins ; Chloramphenicol ; Korea* ; Lincosamides ; Macrolides ; Penicillins ; Quinolones ; Tetracyclines

Hyperpigmentation caused by medication or toxic agents accounts for 10~20% of all the cases of acquired hyperpigmentations. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, amiodarone, cytotoxic drugs, tetracyclines, heavy metals and psychotropic drugs are most commonly responsible for hyperpigmentation. A 74-year-old man who had taken antituberculosis drugs (rifampin and isoniazid) for 4 months developed generalized hyperpigmentation. The histopathologic finding revealed an increased number of dermal melanophages with pigment incontinence. Eight months after termination of the antituberculosis medication, his skin lesion improved without any treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of generalized hyperpigmentation due to rifampin and isoniazid in a patient without adrenal insufficiency in the dermatological literature.
Adrenal Insufficiency ; Aged ; Amiodarone ; Antimalarials ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Isoniazid ; Metals, Heavy ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Rifampin ; Skin ; Tetracyclines

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis(CRP) is still unknown, although many theories have been suggested. It is stressed that abnormal host response to colonization of pityrosporum orbiculare might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRP, but is not completely understood. Frequently, we have observed bacterial colonies in the stratum corneum and, especially, within the hair follicles from biopsy specimens of patients with CRP. In addition, successful treatment for CRP with minocycline, a derivative of tetracyclines, has been reported continuously. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document the possible association of bacterial factors in the pathogenesis of CRP and to elucidate the effectiveness of minocycline. METHODS: We performed Brown and Brenn gram staining in 12 biopsy specimens, bacterial cultures, identification of microorganisms and antibiotics sensitivity testing including minocycline. We administered oral minocycline with an initial dose of 100mg per day for 1 to 3 months and a maintenance dose 50mg per day for I to 2 months, then evaluated the response of treatment. RESULTS: 1. On Brown and Brenn staining, the gram positive bacterial colonies that stained dark bluish or nearly black were observed within the infundibulum of hair follicles in 10 out of 12 biopsy specimens(83.3%) and on the keratotic invagination of stratum corneum in 11 out of 12 biopsy specimens(91.7%). 2. Histological features of regions where bacterial colonies were observed showed, hyperkeratosis and keratotic invagination on the stratum corneum in all cases. Hyperkeratosis(66.7%), parakeratosis(16.7%), inflammatory cell infiltration(25.0%), perifollicular fibrosis(33.3%), and abnormal keratin in sebaceous ducts(50.0%) were shown in hair follicles. 3. In anaerobic cultures, no bacteria was grown. In aerobic cultures, staphylococcus species were identified in 6 cases, streptococcus viridans in one case, sternotrophomonas maltophilia in one case. In the susceptibiliity test, minocycline was sensitive in 7 from 8 cases. 4. The therapeutic response to minocycline was observed within one month in all cases, and the time to clear the lesions was 1/2 month in 2 cases, 1 month in 4 cases, 2 months in 5 cases, 3 months in one case, respectively. CONCLUSION: Form these results, we suggest that bacterial factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRP and that the action mechanism of minocycline in the treatment of CRP may be due to antibacterial effects.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria* ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Malassezia ; Minocycline ; Papilloma* ; Staphylococcus ; Tetracyclines ; Viridans Streptococci

Generally, among the extradural spinal tumors, metastatic spinal tumor is much more common than primary spinal tumors. Thus, in the case of a spinal tumor patient with cancer history (such as lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.), we used to infer that the spinal lesion is the metastasis from, primary malignancy. We introduce an experience of a case of triple primary origin tumor in a 57-year-old man. When the spinal lesion was found on the abdominal computed tomography scan, he already had a history of colon cancer and liver cancer. Initially, it was thought that the lesion would probably be a metastatic tumor from the liver or colon cancers, and the operation was performed accordingly. In the pathologic final report, however, the mass was proven to plasmacytoma - the third primary lesion. The patient underwent chemotherapy after surgery. Globally, the triple primary origin tumor has been reported very rarely. With this report, we wish to emphasize the necessity of pathologic confirmation and adequate treatment even in a patient with known malignancies.
Breast Neoplasms ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasmacytoma ; Tetracyclines