In-vivo neuroimaging of small animal models of epilepsy offers the ability to serially examine the progressive structural and functional changes that occur during the development of chronic epilepsy (i.e. epileptogenesis). Such approaches allow the correlation of imaging findings to the etiology, development, progression, treatment and prognosis of epilepsy in animal models, associations that are poorly understood clinically. MRI and PET imaging of the kindling and kainic acid models of TLE have begun to piece together the relationship of structural and functional changes in the brain during epileptogenesis and their relationship to seizure and histological outcomes.