BACKGROUND: Compared with the traditional organic fluorescent dyes, quantum dots present good biomarker characteristics. Especially, quantum dots for cell labeling and targeted bioimaging present unique optical properties.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with mononuclear macrophages.METHODS: The macrophages RAW264.7 were inoculated into 96-well plates containing 0, 50, 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for 1 or 2 hours. Then, the fluorescent signal was detected by flow cytometry. After 0-24 hours of culture,the fluorescence signal intensity of the macrophages cultured with 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was detected by flow cytometry. After 18 hours of culture, quantitative PCR was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages, and macrophage proliferation cell apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fluorescence signal intensity was positively correlated with the mass concentration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal was increased with the labeling time. After labeling using 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, the fluorescence signal of macrophages increased continuously with time, and reached the peak at 18 hours. Compared with 0 mg/L quantum dot group, 50, 100mg/L quantum dot groups could significantly promote the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).The level of tumor necrosis factor α in the 100 mg/L quantum dot group was higher than that in the 50 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.01). The expression of interleukin-1β showed no difference between 50 and 100 mg/L quantum dot groups.The cell proliferation in the 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dot groups was significantly higher than that in the 0 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the former two groups. In addition, 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots had no significant effect on apoptosis of macrophages. To conclude, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots could activate macrophages and promote their proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors, but did not affect their apoptosis.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the volumetric changes of upper airway after rapid maxillary expansion using Meta analysis.Methods:All literatures about volumetric changes in the upper airway after rapid maxillary expansion were searched from the database in general.The literatures were screened according to the correlation and the inclusion criteria,included the literatures were analyzed by Rev Man 5.3.Results:11 literatures were finally selected.Meta analysis indicated that,after treatment nasopharyngeal volume increased by 0.62 cm3(P=0.000 2),palatopharyngeal volume increased by 0.62 cm3(P=0.02),glossopharyngeal volume increased by 0.39 cm3(P=0.11),oropharyneal volume increased by 0.40 cm3(P=0.27).Conclusion:The existing evidence indicates that rapid maxillary expansion can increase the volume of nasopharynx and retropalatal part of upper airway.

Objective: To analyze the causes of equinus deformity caused by intramuscular venous malformation onset posterior muscles of leg, and discuss the corresponding treatment methods. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 69 cases of intramuscular venous malformations with equinus deformity from January 2012 to December 2017. Based on patient's main complain, physical examination and imaging data, the causes were divided into two categories: pain disorder and contracture disorder. Classification was on the basis of definite diagnosis of MRI. When the main complaint of medical history and physical examination indicated pain relief or passivity of the affected limb, and when the back extension of ankle joint was greater than 75 degrees, it was a pain disorder; when the medical history and physical examination indicated pain relief or passivity of the affected limb, the back extension of ankle joint was less than 15 degrees, it was a contracture disorder. Therapeutic methods included drug conservative treatment and surgical treatment. For the patients with pain disorder, the first choice was drug conservative treatment, and for the patients with contracture disorder, the first choice was surgery. Operative methods include simple venous malformation resection, venous malformation resection and Z-type Achilles tendon anastomosis lengthening. After operation patients received systematic functional rehabilitation exercise and calculated the satisfaction rate. Results: 13 cases of painful disorders were firstly treated by conservative medicine, but 4 cases were treated by operation after series of conservative treatments, satisfaction rate was 69.2%(9/13). 56 contracture cases were treated by operation, including 11 cases of simple venous malformation resection, 45 cases resection and Z-type anastomosis lengthening of Achilles tendon. All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years after operation. 53 patients recovered to normal walking after operation, and 3 patients had mild limp, satisfaction rate was 94.6%(53/56). Patient satisfaction was 100%. Conclusions The equinus deformity caused by intramuscular venous malformation onset posterior muscles of leg affect the quality of life. Muscle/tendon contracture was the main cause. Correct surgical treatment combined with early rehabilitation exercise post operation can restore normal walking posture.

Mechanical thrombectomy can improve the clinical outcome of patients with acute anterior circulation larger vessel occlusive stroke.However,a remarkable proportion of patients,even they have achieved a successful recanalization,still develop adverse outcomes,such as futile recanalization(FR).According to relevant literature reports,there are many factors that can affect futile recanalization.In this paper,a series of factors such as age,recanalization time,infarct volume,baseline severity,blood pressure that may affect futile recanalization of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with inanterior circulation large vessel occlusion will be comprehensively described and analyzed.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:321-324)

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a group of persistent organic pollutants, have been widely detected in environmental media and posed great threat to human health. The researches on environmental pollution and health concern of PFCs are the hotspot areas. Because PFCs contain lots of homologs and isomers which are detected at trace levels (ng/g or μg/L) in environment, advanced and reliable analytical methods for determination of PFCs in environment are urgently needed. At present, studies on analytical methods of trace PFCs in environmental samples have been widely carried out in China and abroad. However, systematic review on the sample pretreatment, analytical method, and matrix effect of PFCs determination in complex environmental matrixes is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper reviews the pretreatment methods, martix effects, and detection techniques (especailly isomers) of PFCs in environment samples (water, sediment/sluge, soil and plant). We hope that this review may provide valuable reference for the enviromental researches on PFCs.

Seventy two iscbemic stroke patients aged 18-45 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College from April 2014 to August 2016 were assigned to warfarin group (n =36) and dabigatran group (n =36).In warfarin group the oral warfarin started from small dose and maintained international normalized ratio (INR) as 2.0 to 3.0.In dabigatran group 110 mg dabigatran etexilate was given b.i.d.All patients were followed up for one year after treatment.Medication was discontinued in 10 cases (28％) of warfarin group and 2 cases (6％) of dabigatran group one year after treatment (P =0.02).There were 8 (22％) cases of thromboembolic events in warfarin group and 1 (3％) case in dabigatran group (P =0.03).In warfarin group 233 INR values were recorded with an average of 2.32,and the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) was 75％ (174/ 233).There were 2 deaths in warfarin group and no death in dabiga group.There were 19 (53％) cases of adverse reactions in warfarin group,including 9 cases of bleeding (6 mild bleeding and 3 serious bleeding),5 cases of nausea and vomiting,2 cases constipation or diarrhea,3 cases of headache and dizziness.There were 6 (17％) cases of adverse reactions in dabigatran group,including 2 cases of mild bleeding,2 cases of nausea and vomiting,2 cases of constipation or diarrhea.There was significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(x2 =13.3,P ＜ 0.01).The results indicate that the efficacy and safety of dabigatran is superior to that of warfarin for young ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To clarify the status of proliferation and differentiation of RCJ3.1C5.18 cells in chondrogenesis and explore insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (Igfbps) gene expression profile during the process. The results provided a research foundation for understanding the role of Igfbps in chondrogenesis. Methods: Fetal rat derived mesenchymal chondrogenic cell line RCJ3.1C5.18 was used, which progresses spontaneously to differentiated growth plate chondrocytes. The proliferation and differentiation status of cells were determined by cell staining, real-time PCR and Muse™ Cell Analyzer at days 1, 4, 7 and 10 of culture respectively. Igfbps gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Results: In the early period (1-4 days), cells proliferated rapidly and the expression of chondrocytes marker genes, such as typeⅡ collagen, SRY-box 9 and aggrecan increased gradually. Igfbp4 and Igfbp6 gene expression paralleled the expression of chondrocytes marker genes. On days 7-10 of culture, cells viability decreased and gradually developed hypertrophic-like and osteogenic-like characteristics, which was confirmed by specific staining and gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, matrix metallopeptidase 13.Igfbp1, Igfbp3 and Igfbp5 mRNA levels were up regulated gradually at this stage. Conclusions The status of proliferation and differentiation of cells are different in the process of chondrogenesis. Changes in Igfbp gene expression are associated with chondrocyte differentiation, suggesting that they have different role during chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.

BACKGROUND:With the innovation of examination technique,the number of patients with spinal metastases in different stages is increasing year by year.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an important treatment for spinal metastases;however,there is no report on the biomechanical effect in different stages and different activities after operation. OBJECTIVE:To simulate thoracic T10 bone stress and displacement of the different locations of the tumor metastasis based on the three-dimensional finite element model. METHODS:According to thoracic three-dimensional CT images of a 30-year-old healthy male,Mimics software was used to construct a three-dimensional geometric model of thoracic vertebrae(T9-T11),including ribs,ligaments and intervertebral discs.Three-dimensional models of T9-T11 vertebral bodies and different parts of the posterior thoracic vertebrae invaded by thoracic metastatic tumors were simulated,including the control group with intact vertebral structure,unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body area(experimental group 1),unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body and pedicle area(experimental group 2),unilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body,pedicle and transverse process area(experimental group 3),and bilateral metastasis involving the vertebral body,pedicle and transverse process area(experimental group 4).Abaqus software was used to create a three-dimensional finite element model.The von Mises stress distribution and the displacement of the model were analyzed under the loading condition,buckling condition,extension condition,and rotation condition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the study of the maximum total displacement of loading points in different experimental groups under loading,flexion,extension,and rotation conditions,with the increase of metastatic tumor invasion site and invasion surface,the total displacement of loading points increased,and the overall stiffness decreased,especially the total displacement of loading points in experimental group 4 was the largest.(2)Under flexion condition,the maximum Von Mises stress value increased significantly after vertebral body and pedicle destruction,while the maximum Von Mises stress value was almost unchanged when the thoracocostal joint destruction was added.(3)On the basis of finite element analysis and simulation of bone tumor model,the elements in the bone cement region were set as a single set,and the bone cement region was set as the corresponding material properties to simulate bone cement filling.The results showed that the maximum total displacement under loading,flexion,extension,and rotation conditions was less than that of each experimental group.(4)The maximum stress values of the simulated percutaneous vertebroplasty patients in the loading,flexion,extension and rotation conditions were significantly lower than those of the femoral model.(5)It is concluded that the three-dimensional finite element model based on thoracic T9-T11 conducive to the biomechanics characteristics of thoracic vertebrae tumor metastasis,and on the basis of the thoracic vertebrae tumor metastasis model can accurately simulate load point after percutaneous vertebral body under different conditions of total displacement and the maximum Von Mises stress situation.

When partial nephrectomy is performed by posterior abdominal approach, the surgical field is poorly exposed, resulting in increased surgical difficulty and risk of injury.In this study, 28 patients with T 1a stage kidney tumors underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Intraoperatively, exposure of the surgical field was achieved using the percutaneous puncture of the renal fascia suspension technique. There were no dissatisfactory exposures due to peritoneal damage during the surgery, no additional tubes were inserted, and no conversions to open surgery were needed. The operation time was (76.5±20.3) minutes, blood loss was (92.1±18.7) ml, renal artery clamping time was (19.5±4.3) minutes. Postoperatively, there were no complications such as bleeding, infection, or hematuria.

Objective:To summarize the imaging features of severe unilateral transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus thromboses, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravascular interventional therapy in them.Methods:Thirty-seven patients with severe unilateral transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus thromboses clinically mainly manifested as intracranial hypertension and accepted endovascular intervention in Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2012 to September 2022 were chosen; their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and imaging features were summarized. Short-term efficacy was evaluated according to blood flow restoration degrees and pressure gradient reduction in the occlusive sinus and modified neurological symptoms before and after endovascular intervention. Hospitalized complications were observed; safety and long-term efficacy were evaluated according to postoperative clinical follow-up and imaging results 6-12 months after endovascular intervention.Results:(1) Preoperative brain MRI and (or) CT showed different degrees of swelling of the brain tissues, with the affected side as the target; mixed signals/density shadow could be seen in the blocked transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus; venous cerebral infarction or post-infarction cerebral hemorrhage could be combined in some patients. MRV, CTV and DSA showed poor or completely occluded transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus while normal in the contralateral side; obvious thrombus filling-defect was observed in the occluded venous sinus after mechanical thrombolysis. (2) Occlusive sinus blood flow was restored in all patients after endovascular intervention, and pressure gradient of the occlusive segment decreased from (16.6±3.3) mmHg before to (2.8±0.8) mmHg after endovascular intervention. Before discharge, clinical symptoms of all patients were significantly improved (modified Rankin scale [mRS] scores of 0 in 30 patients, 1 in 5 patients, 2 in 1 patient and 3 in 1 patient), and 2 patients had unilateral limb movement disorder (muscle strength grading III and IV, respectively). All patients received clinical follow-up for (9.6±3.0) months. At the last follow-up, neurological function obviously improved compared with that before endovascular intervention, without new neurosystem-related symptoms (mRS scores of 0 in 30 patients, 1 in 6, and 2 in 1 patient). In 34 patients received MRV or DSA follow-up, 28 had complete recanalization of occlusive sinus and 6 had partial recanalization, without obvious stenosis or recurrent occlusion.Conclusions:Severe unilateral transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus thrombosis can cause local intracranial venous blood stasis, and then cause "increased regional venous sinus pressure", which is manifested as unilateral brain tissue swelling and even venous cerebral infarction or post-infarction cerebral hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and endovascular intervention can obviously improve the prognosis of these patients, enjoying good safety.