Along with the continuous publication of a series of large-scale clinical trials results,endovascular thrombolytic therapy (or combined with intravenous thrombolysis) has been recommended as the treatment of first choice for acute ischemic stroke caused by large intracranial artery occlusion.Nevertheless,there are a variety of factors that may affect the clinical outcome of endovascular recanalization procedure.This article aims to make a comprehensive review about the factors that may affect the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke who are receiving endovascular treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiobiopsy (PTCB) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.Methods The clinical data of 826 patients with obstructive jaundice who received PTCB at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2001 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The pathological results,positive rates of PTCB and complications were analyzed.The safety and efficacy of PTCB and the pathological features of malignancy causing obstructive jaundice were summarized.The difference in the positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary malignancies was analyzed by chi-square test.Results A total of 826 patients received PTCB,and the success rate was 100％.Eighty-six patients had complications postoperatively,including transit bilhaemia in 47 patients,bile leakage in 11 patients,temporary biliary hemorrhage in 28 patients,no severe complications occurred.There were 740 patients were with malignant biliary stricture and 86 with benign biliary stricture.Seven Hundred and twenty-seven patients were with positive results of PTCB (641 were with cancerous stricture and 86 with inflammation of biliary tract or fibrogenesis),and 99 patients were with false negative results.The overall positive rate of PTCB was 88.01％ (727/826).Malignant neoplasm accounted for 89.59％ (740/826) of the factors causing obstructive jaundice,and well-,moderate-and poor-differentiated neoplasms were accounted for 57.88％ (371/641),19.97％ (128/641) and 22.15％ (142/641).Biliary adenocarcinoma was the main pathologic type,which was accounted for 96.41％ (618/641).The positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary neoplasms were 89.50％ (469/524)and 79.63％ (172/216),with significant difference (x2 =12.87,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PTCB is a safe,feasible and easy way to diagnose obstructive jaundice.Biliary neoplasms are the best indications for PTCB.Well differentiated neoplasm is the main pathological type causing the obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the effects of leptin on Th17 cells and the possible mechanism. Methods The leptin-deficient ( ob/ob) mice and their homologous wild-type mice were used in the study.The percentages of Th17 cells in peripheral blood samples, spleen tissues and lymph nodes were measured by flow cytometry ( FCM) analysis.The splenic CD4+T cells, separated from the ob/ob mice and the wild-type mice by using magnetic beads,were respectively cultured with leptin at various concentrations and with anti-leptin neu-tralization antibody to evaluate the effects of leptin on Th17 cells.The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze Th17 cell-related cytokines at transcriptional levels.The levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in the supernatants of CD4+T cell culture were measured with Luminex technology.Results Compared with the wild-type mice, the ob/ob mice showed lower percentages of Th17 cells in both peripheral blood samples and spleen tissues (0.49%±0.03%vs 1.29%±0.1%, 1.56%±0.22%vs 2.47%±0.11%).There was a decrease in the percentages of Th17 cells upon the in vitro treatment of CD4+T cells from wild-type mice with anti-leptin antibody.The per-centages of Th17 cells were increased in a dose-dependent manner upon the in vitro treatment of CD4+T cells from ob/ob mice with leptin.Moreover, the levels of IL-17A and IL-6 and the transcriptional levels of RORγt, IL-17A and IL-6 in leptin deficiency group were lower than those of wild-type group, but were increased upon the treatment with leptin.No significant difference with the transcriptional levels of TGF-βand IL-23 was ob-served between the two groups with and without intervention.Conclusion Leptin deficiency seriously hampered the generation of Th17 cells in mice and resulted in a decreased expression of RORγt, IL-17A and IL-6 at mRNA level.The treatment of CD4 T cells with leptin might promote the generation of Th17 cells through up-regulating the transcription of RORγt and IL-6.

Objective To explore the mediation effect of the peer attachment between the self-esteem and the school adjustment of the children affected by AIDS/HIV.Methods 250 children affected by the AIDS/HIV were investigated in the research in a district affected by AIDS/HIV in the Henan province.Self-esteem scale,peer attachment questionnaire and school adjustment questionnaire was adopted in the study.Results ①Self-esteem had a positive significant effect on the school adjustment (β=0.227,P＜0.01).(②)self-esteem had a positive significant effect on the peer attachment (β=0.236,P＜ 0.01).(③When controlled the indirect effect of peer attachment,the effect of the self-esteem on the school adjustment had still been significant (β =0.145,P＜0.05),it proved that the peer attachment played a partly mediation between the relationship of the self-esteem and the school adjustment.Conclusion Self-esteem has a positive significant effect on the school adjustment; and self-esteem can not only affect the school adjustment directly,but also affect the school adjustment through the peer attachment.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with contineous biliary drainage in treating benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture.Methods The clinical data and imaging materials of 49 patients with benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 2008 to March 2014 to receive treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.Before treatment,the diagnosis of benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture was confirmed in all patients by color Doppler ultrasound,MRI and/or contrast-enhanced CT scan,endoscopic or DSA-guided anastomosis biopsy.Among the 49 patients,23 patients (study group) were treated with percutaneous transhepatic step-by-step balloon dilatation (the diameter of used balloon was 8 mm initially,then 10 mm balloon was used in the second month,and 12 mm balloon was used in the third month) together with contineous biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months);26 patients (control group) were treated with single percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation (balloon diameter of 6 mm or 8 mm) plus biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months).The improvement of clinical symptoms,the incidence of postoperative complications,and the anastomotic patency rate were compared between the two groups.Results Technical success was obtained in all patients.No procedure-related complications,such as biliary tract hemorrhage and perforation,occurred.One week after the treatment,the difference in bilirubin level between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Although the difference in 3-month anastomotic patency rate between the two groups was not statistically significant,the 6-month,12-month and 24-month anastomotic patency rates of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Three patients in the study group developed recurrent jaundice at 11.2,14.3 and 17.6 months after treatment respectively;MRI and contrast-enhanced CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of anastomotic stricture recurrence,and balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement had to be carried out again.In the control group,16 patients developed recurrent jaundice within 3.1-17.1 months after balloon dilatation management,among them one patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and the remaining 15 patients received balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement again.Conclusion For benign biliary-enteric anastomosis strictures,step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with persistent biliary drainage is a safe and effective minimally-invasive treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of low kilovoltage (100 kVp)in combination with sinogram affirmed iterative re-construction (SAFIRE)of flash dual source CT in pelvic scan in comparison with routine kilovoltage (120 kVp)and filtered back projection (FBP).Methods 88 patients with suspected pelvic lesions underwent CT scan,and the range of BMI was 1 9 kg/m2

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemie shunt (TIPS)to implant the portal vein metallic stent in treatment of cavernous transformation of portal vein (CTPV).Methods Clinical and imaging data of 8 patients with CTPV were retrospectively analyzed who were treated in our hospital.All patients were treated with metallic stent implantation in portal vein including 3 patients by TIPS and 5 by percutaneous transhepatic portal vein.Results All patients were successful in the stent implantation without any occurrence of serious complications such as intra-abdominal hemorrhage and so on.Intraoperative angiography showed blood circulated freely in these stents.1 day-2 weeks later,the patients symptoms of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding were obviously relieved or disappeared.Follow up 1 month-3 years,1 patient with stent occlusion after one year of operation,the blood flow recovery after stent reimplantation,and the remaining patients,color doppler ultrasound reflected patency of blood flows in their stents.No one suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal pain again.Conclusion Implantation of portal vein metallic stent via percutaneous transhepatic portal vein or via TIPS in treatment of cavernous transformation of portal vein is safe and effective.

Objective To compare landiolol and esmolol for treatment of intraoperative arrhythmia in dogs.Methods Experiment Ⅰ Eighty-eight KM mice (44 males, 44 females) , aged 4-6 weeks, were studied.The median lethal dose (LD50) and median effective dose (ED50) of landiolol and esmolol were determined using the sequential method.Treatment index (TI) was calculated.Experiment Ⅱ Eighteen dogs (9 males, 9 females), aged 8-12 months, weighing 7-10 kg, were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups: model group (group M) , landiolol group (group L) and esmolol group (group E).Intraoperative arrhythmia model was established by using gastrointestinal surgery combined with epinephrine.When sustained ventricular arrhythmias occurred, normal saline 0.5 ml/kg, landiolol 8.3 mg/kg and esmolol 10.0 mg/kg were given intravenously in C, L and E groups, respectively.The duration of arrhythmias was recorded.If bradycardia occurred (decrease in heart rate [HR] ≥ 25％ of the baseline value) , isoprenaline 0.05 mg/kg and atropine 0.03 mg/kg were injected intravenously.The occurrence of bradycardia after the initial administration of landiolol and esmolol, and the accumulated dose of landiolol and esmolol consumed when bradycardia occurred were recorded.Isoprenaline and atropine-induced improvement in bradycardia was recorded.Results Compared with esmolol, the LD50 and TI of landiolol were significantly increased (P＜0.01), and no significant change was found in ED50 of landiolol (P＞0.05).The duration of arrhythmias was significantly shorter in L and E groups than in group C, and in group L than in group E (P＜0.01).After the initial administration of landiolol and esmolol, the incidence of bradycardia was 0 and 100％, respectively, and the accumulated dose of landiolol and esmolol consumed when bradycardia occurred was (30± 13) mg/kg.Atropine could not effectively treat bradycardia, while isoprenaline could treat bradycardia.Compared with group L, the time for HR to rise and the duration for HR returning to the baseline value were significantly prolonged in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with esmolol, landiolol provides faster improvement in intraoperative arrhythmia, weaker negative chronotropic effect, and higher safety;isoproterenol produces better efficacy in treating landiololinduced bradycardia in dogs.

Objective To explore the value of spectral imaging technique in dual-energy CT in differential diagnosis of the metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes and lymphoma in the neck.Methods In 30 patients with pathologically confirmed with a total of 79 cervical lymph nodes enlargement which were using dual energy scan .Then observed the change trend of the spectrum curve and comparison the three kinds of lymph node energy spectrum curve’s slope.Results In the 79 lymph nodes,the metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma were twenty-three,squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes were twenty-four and lymphoma were thirty-two.From 60 to 180 keV,with the increase of keV values,the three kinds of malignant lymph nodes of the corresponding CT value decreasing and the higher the keV value,the CT value decrease magnitude was small,and the spectrum curve was〞drop type〞.The slope spectrum curve of the metastatic lymph nodes of thyroid carcinoma in arterial phase and parenchymal phase were maximum,which were 1.23±0.41 and 0.85±0.33,respectively.The slope spectrum curve of lymphoma in arterial phase and parenchymal phase were least,whcih were 0.40±0.16 and 0.47 ±0.09.The slope spectrum curve of the squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes in arterial phase and parenchymal phase were 0.88±0.10 and 0.62±0.28.The energy spectrum curve slope of the three kinds of malignant lymph nodes have statistical significance.Conclusion The energy spectrum curve slope of arterial phase and parenchymal phase has some significance lymph node metastasis of in thyroid carcinoma,the metastatic lymph nodes and lymphoma in the neck.