Purpose To study the effect of China cobra venom active factor(CCVAF) from China cobra venom on endothelial cells and its mechanism.Methods MTT experiment was adopted to evaluate the effect of CCVAF on bovine arteria pulmonalis vascular endothelial cells(BAVEC).The Eosin-Coomassie brillient blue and rhodamine-phalloidin method was used for actin cytoskeleton.Flow cytometry for [Ca~(2+)]_i and spectrophotometry were used for lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and nitrogen oxide(NO) levels in cell culture supernatant.Results CCVAF(0.625-20 μg/mL) inhibited the proliferation of BAVEC in dose-dependent manner,and IC50 of CCVAF on BAVEC was 2.45 μg/mL. After CCVAF and BAVEC coincubation, it was showed that regression of intercellular conjunctions and disorder of F-actin distribution occurred. The content of [Ca~(2+)]_i, [LDH] and [NO] increased respectively.Conclusion CCVAF can inhibit BAVEC proliferation and it maybe associated with the change of cytoskeleton and increasing of [Ca~(2+)]_i,[LDH] aod [NO].

Objective:To investigate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve.Methods:From July 2010 to July 2020, 12 patients with hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve diagnosed in Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of the high-frequency ultrasonographic images were summarized and compared with clinical surgery.Results:The hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve were all located in the median nerve of the distal upper arm in 12 patients, including 9 cases of single hourglass change and 3 cases of multiple hourglass like changes. High-frequency ultrasound can accurately locate the location of the hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve and the extent of neuropathy. The sonogram of hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve showed single or multiple hourglass-like changes in the median nerve of the distal upper arm. The nerve fasciculars on both sides of hourglass-like changes were thickened. There was significant difference between the diameter of the affected fascicular and the corresponding position of the contralateral fascicular[(0.20±0.04)cm vs (0.11±0.03)cm, P<0.01]. There was significant difference between the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the widest part of the lesion side and the corresponding position of the contralateral side[(0.14±0.03)cm 2 vs (0.09±0.03)cm 2, P<0.01]. Conclusions:High-frequency ultrasound is the preferred image method for the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constrictions of the anterior interosseous nerve.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing tendon xanthoma.Methods The ultrasonographic images of 17 patients with tendon xanthomas confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The ultrasonographic features were summarized.Results The ultrasonographic images showed the location,number,size,shape,boundary,internal echo,involvement and blood supply of tendon xanthomas clearly.Tendon xanthomas showed hypoechoic masses within the tendons,mostly located on the extensor aspect of the hands,feet or bilateral Achilles tendons,symmetric growth,irregular-shaped and inhomogeneous,with loss of the normal fibrillar pattern in longitudinal plane.The abundant blood flow inside the tendon can be detected by color Doppler examination.Conclusions High frequency sonography is the preferred imaging method for diagnosis of tendon xanthomas.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in lung adenocarcinoma and its correlation with tumor metastasis. Methods SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect GLUT1 and HIF-1α protein expression in 125 lung adenocarcinoma, including 41 cases without metastasis, 38 cases with lymphatic metastasis and 46 cases with brain metastasis. The correlation of GLUT1 and HIF-1α in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis was analyzed by using x 2 test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Most lung adenocarcinoma were histologically heterogeneous, which contained more than one adenocarcinoma type. 73.2 % (30/41) cases were acinar predominant adenocarcinoma in lung adenocarcinoma without metastasis; 53.6 % (15/38) cases were acinar predominant adenocarcinoma and 26.3 % (10/38) cases were solid predominant adenocarcinoma in lung adenocarcinoma with lymphatic metastasis; 47.8 % (22/46) cases were papillary predominant adenocarcinoma and 34.8 % (16/46) cases were solid predominant adenocarcinoma in lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases. The expression level of GLUT1 and HIF-1α in lung adenocarcinoma with lymphatic metastasis group was higher than that of the group without tumor metastasis (P< 0.05); the expression of GLUT1 and HIF-1α were positively correlated (r=0.407, P=0.000). Conclusions Papillary adenocarcinoma is the most histological type in lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis, suggesting that papillary adenocarcinoma is more prone to brain metastasis. The expression of GLUT1 and HIF-1α play an important role in lymph node metastasis and brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To optimize the parameters of the equation of sagittal craniofacial structures with different classes of malocclusion using genetic algorithms(GAS), and to explore the rules .Methods:A total of 240 patients with average angle malocclusion aged 8-18 years old were divided into three groups: Angle Class Ⅰ(n=79), Angle Class Ⅱ(n=76)and Angle Class Ⅲ(n=85) groups.In each group 10 cases were randomly selected as the test samples, the rest as the experimental samples.The cephalometric analysis was performed on all the patients'' cephalograms, and the results of Ba-N,Ba-A,Ba-S,S-Ptm,Ptm-A,Ba-Ar,Ar-Go,Go-PoG,Ba-PoG and N-S-Ar were analyzed by two independent samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The relevant influencing factors of craniofacial structures were found.The parameters of the equation was optimized to obtain the relevant equations using GAS.The predicted values of the optimized equation were compared with the measured values.Results:There were no significant differences in sex between Angle Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ groups(P> 0.05);when the men and women with the same type were combined,the Ba-A,Ptm-A,Ar-Go,and Ba-PoG had statistically significant differences between Angle Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ groups (P<0.05).The correlation analysis results showed that in Angle Class Ⅰgroup:Ba-A was positively correlated with Ba-N (r=0.683),Ptm-A was positively correlated with Go-PoG (r=0.738), Ar-Go was positively correlated with Ba-PoG (r=0.833), and negatively correlated with Go-PoG (r=-0.560) and Ba-PoG was positively correlated with Go-PoG (r=0.669);in Angle class Ⅱ group,Ba-A was positively correlated with Ba-PoG and Ba-N(r=0.884,r=0.883), Ptm-A was positively correlated with Ba-A (r=0.742),Ar-Go was positively correlated with Ba-PoG (r=0.401)and negatively correlated with Go-PoG (r=-0.317) and Ba-PoG was positively correlated with Ba-A and Go-PoG(r=0.883,r=0.488);in Angle Class Ⅲ group,Ba-A was positively correlated with Ba-N and Ba-PoG(r=0.891,r=0.829),Ptm-A was positively correlated with Ba-A (r=0.807)and negatively correlated with Ba-S (r=-0.404),Ar-Go was positively correlated with S-Ptm (r=0.548) and Ba-PoG was positively correlated with Ba-A (r=0.829).The equation of sagittal craniofacial structure with different occlusal classes was established by GAS.In Angle Class Ⅰgroup:Ba-A(mm)=10.963 9+0.859 8×Ba-N,Ptm-A(mm)=6.897 6+0.557 0×Go-PoG,Ar-Go(mm)=-2.548 2+0.511 8×Ba-PoG-0.5272×Go-PoG,Ba-PoG(mm)=17.515 6+1.021 3×GO-POG;in Angle Class Ⅱ group:Ba-A(mm)=-2.121 3+0.567 6× Ba-PoG+0.513 2× Ba-N,Ptm-A(mm)=13.788 7+0.349 4×Ba-A,Ar-Go(mm)=2.447 7+0.368 8×Ba-PoG-0.427 9×Go-PoG,Ba-PoG(mm)=-7.140 2+0.751 3×Ba-A+0.295 4×Go-PoG;in Angle Class Ⅲgroup:Ba-A(mm)=3.281 0+0.545 3×Ba-N+0.394 4× Ba-PoG,Ptm-A(mm)=3.535 8+0.63 1×Ba-A-0.614 2×Ba-S,Ar-Go(mm)=-9.002 1+1.004 3×S-Ptm,Ba-PoG(mm)=-2.091 2+1.057 5×Ba-A.There were no significant differences between the predicted values of GAS and the measured data (P> 0.05), and the error was small.Conclusion: The optimal relation equation of craniofacial structure of sagittal malocclusion is established by GAS with the quantitative regularity.

Objective:To establish the quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal classⅡ malocclusion patients with various vertical types by using genetic algorithms method,and to express the measured values in the patients with different gender with the same formula.Methods:A total of 155 skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion patients without treatment,aged from 10 to 18 years old,were selected and divided into high-angle group(n=50),average-angle group(n=58),low-angle group(n=47);5 samples were randomly selected in each group as the test samples,the rest as the experimental sample.The cephalometic radiographs were performed and measured.The relevant influencing factors of craniofacial structure were ensured.The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the equation parameters to obtain the correlation equation.The error between the predicted value and the measured value was compared.Results:The various parameters had no significant differences between different gender in high-angle,average-angle and low-angle groups(P>0.05);then the men and the women with same type were combined,most of the indicators had statistically significant differences between three groups (P<0.05).The correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive correlation between age and Ans-U1(r=0.470),there was a positive correlation between N-Me and Ans-Me(r=0.964);for Ans-U1 ,there was a positive correlation with Ans-Me(r=0.805)and negative correlation with facial angle;there was a positive correlation between N-Go and N-Me (r=0.926);for L1-Me,there was a positive correlation with Ans-Me(r=0.898)and negative correlation with the angle of Go(r=-0.468)in high-angle group. In average-angle group,there was a positive correlation between age and N-Me (r=0.531);for Ans-U1,there was a positive correlation with Ans-Me(r=0.878)and negative correlation with the facial angle(r=-0.262);for Ans-Me,there was a positive correlation with N-Me(r=0.920), negative correlation with N-Ans(r=-0.560)and negative correlation with Ar-Go(r=-0.652);for N-Go,there was a positive correlation with S-Go(r=0.867), positive correlation with N-Ans(r=0.252)and positive correlation with L1-Me(r=0.754).For S-Ar,there was a positive correlation with S-Go(r=0.671), negative correlation with Ar-Go(r=-0.250),and positive correlation with L1-Me(r=0.552).In low-angle group,for age,there was a positive correlation with S-Go(r=0.602), negative correlation with the angle of Go(r=-0.346),and positive correlation with L1-Me(r=0.576);for N-Me,there was a positive correlation with Ans-Me(r=0.869),and positive correlation with N-Go(r=0.859),and negative correlation with the facial angle(r=-0.177);for N-Ans,there was a positive correlation with N-Me(r=0.605) and negative correlation with Ans-U1(r=-0.113);for Ans-Me,there was a positive correlation with N-Me(r=0.869),positive correlation with the facial angle(r=0.070),and positive correlation with Ans-U1(r=0.785);for N-Go,there was a positive correlation with N-Me(r=0.859)and positive correlation with S-Go(r=0.829).The quantitative relationship equations of the crantiofacial vertical points in skeletal class Ⅱmalocclusion patients with various vertical types in each group were established by using genetic algorithms.In high-angle group:Age=5.883 6+0.269×Ans-U1,N-M=22.026 6+1.494 5×Ans-Me,Ans-U1=34.959 4+0.454 5×Ans-Me-0.409 7×Facial angle,N-Go=-4.588 2+0.472 4×N-Me,L1-Me=-12.590 5+0.5322×Ans-Me+0.124 3×∠Go.In average-angle group:Age=-2.944 1+0.146 8×N-Me,Ans-U1=18.917+0.476 4×Ans-Me-0.230 2×Facial angle,Ans-Me=-0.620 5+1.014 5×N-Me-0.974 1×N-Ans-0.057 6×Ar-Go,N-Go=1.631 1+0.897 8×S-Go+0.919 7×N-S+0.168 8×L1-Me,S-Ar=-1.823 1+0.845 3×S-Go-0.867 0×Ar-Go+0.202 4×L1-Me.In low-angle group:Age=11.740 6+0.152 7×S-Go-0.169 9×∠Go+0.252 5×L1-Me,N-Me=61.153 0+0.964 3×Ans-Me+0.628 6×N-Go-0.689 2×Facialangle,N-Ans=-4.949 2+1.065 8×N-Me-2.316 5×Ans-U1,Ans-Me=-25.180 0+0.418 4×N-Me+0.280 3×Facial angle+0.477 6×Ans-U1,N-Go=8.684 2+0.409 9×N-Me+0.403 3×S-Go.There was no significant difference between the predicted values of equation established with genetic algorithms and the measured data (P>0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal class Ⅱmalocclusion patients with various vertical types established with genetic algorithms may show the vertical quantitative relationship and predict the growth to a certain degree.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of stereotactic wire-localized biopsy(SWLB)in digital mammography in the detection of microcalcification of the breast.Methods:A total of 45 patients with nonpalpable breast lesions which were positive for microcalcification by mammography but could not be detected clinically underwent SWLB.Their mammography fndings were analyzed in detail with pathology.Results:Among the 45 cases,13 cases(28.9%)had malignant lesions including ductal carcinoma in situ in 3 cases (20.1%),ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion in 4 cases(30.8%),invasive ductal carcinoma in 5 cases (38.5%)and intraductal papillary carcinoma in 1 case(7.7%).Thirty-two cases(71.1%)had benign lesions,2 cases(6.3%)of which were severe atypical hyperplasia.Conclusion:SWLB can accurately guide the surgical excision of nonpalpable breast microcalcification lesions and diagnose microcalcifications exactly,which is helpful for increasing the detection rate of eady-stage breast cancer.

Biodiesel is renewable and environmentally friendly; however, there are still many challenges for its commercial production as an alternative of petroleum-based transportation fuels, particularly in China with very limited resources for its biofuels development. In this article, the update progress of biodiesel R & D and production is reviewed, with a focus on its feedstock supply, manufacturing processes, quality control and byproduct utilization. It is concluded that the strategy of biorefinery to ultimately explore feedstock potentials will make biodiesel production more economically competitive.
Biofuels ; economics ; Biotechnology ; trends ; Catalysis ; China ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; metabolism ; Plants ; chemistry ; genetics