Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent cancer of endocrine tumors. Its correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis play very important roles in its treatment and prognosis. Ultrasonography, as its powerful tool, is clinically widely used. This article made a review about its main diagnostic methods, including conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasonic elastography, in order to relfect their panorama.

Objective: Using the implicit association test to examine the implicit attitude-difference of Chinese students towards their father and mother.Methods: The experiment followed the standard paradigm of IAT.77 college students(43 women,34 men) participated the research.Results: The results indicated that there were implicit attitude-differences held by Chinese students towards their father and mother.Besides,gender dissociation existed.Conclusion: There is implicit attitude-difference in Chinese students towards their father and mother.

Objective To explore the changes in ionic pump functions of cardiomyocyte cell membrane and the effects of compound hyperosmotic saline solution. Method Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: hyperosmotic saline solution (HES, n=48) and 0.9% sodium chloride solution injection (NS, n=48). Hemorrhagic shock model was reproduced by a gradient volume-control phase exsanguination, combined with an adjustment phase, from femoral artery, with mean arterial pressure kept at 40kPa. At each time-point (pre-shock stage, shock, and 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min post-resuscitation), eight rats were used for various tests. The ATPase activity of cardiomyocyte cell membrane and the myocardial pathologic changes were investigated at different time points. Results Compared with shock stage, the ATPase activity of group HSH was significantly different (P

Objective To investigate the correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PON1 (Paraoxonase-1) gene rs854572 to the occurrence of clopidogrel resistance (CR). Methods A case-control method was employed in present study. A total of 850 hospitalized patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) in General Hospital of Shenyang Command were enrolled. The residual platelet aggregation rate (RPA) induced by 20μmol/L of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was detected by optical nephelometry, and RPA≥70% was defined as CR. Accordingly, all the enrolled 850 patients were then divided into CR group (n=215) and non-CR (NCR) group (n=635). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrophosphate sequencing were executed to determine the genotypes and the allele frequencies of PON1 gene rs854572. Results The genotype frequencies in rs854572 of PON1 gene conformed well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both CR group and NCR group. Three frequencies of genotype CC, CG and GG were 23.7%, 49.3%, 27.0% in CR group, and 24.1%, 50.2%, 25.7% in NCR groups, respectively. No significant difference in genotype and allele frequency existed between CR group and NCR group (P=0.93 and 0.76, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that no correlation between rs854572 SNP of PON1 gene and the formation of CR in patients with CAD after adjustment of correspondent factors including age, gender, body mess index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Conclusions It is considered that no correlation exists between PON1 gene rs854572 polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance in patients with coronary heart disease.

Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy

Backgroud EDTA is an important calcium chelator,commonly used as an ophthalmic additive,its role in promoting corneal penetration of drug may facilitate transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking.However,there were few reports about the penetration of riboflavin to corneal stroma enhanced by EDTA both home and abroad.Objective To determine the concentrations of riboflavin in corneal intrastromal under different interventions using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).To ensure the efficacy and safety of 0.5％ EDTA in riboflavin penetrating to corneal stroma by the transepithelial procedures.Methods Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into three groups,corneal epithelium of 5 rabbits were debrided,corneal epithelium of another 5 rabbits were left in situ and 0.5％ EDTA-Na2 was topically applied for 1 hour,and the corneal epithelium of last 5 rabbits were just left in situ,after those procedures 0.1％ riboflavin + 20％ dextran was applied topically to the corneas for 30 minutes(1 drop every 3 minutes).Then,the epithelium in the corneas of EDTA and epi-situ group were carefully removed before all the corneas were punched with an 8.5 mm diameter blade and homogenized subsequently.Ultimately,the riboflavin concentrations were determined by HPLC.Results After treated with riboflavin for 30minutes,the mean concentration of riboflavin in the epi-removed group was (23.54± 1.61)μg/g tissue,the EDTA group was (2.04 ±0.25)μg/g tissue and the epi-situ group was (1.44 ±0.06)μg/g tissue,showing significant difference among them (F =1792.839,P =0.000).There were statistically significant differences between any two groups (t =41.780,7.484,43.408,all at P ＜ 0.05).However,the riboflavin concentration of other two groups were failed to meet the theoretical value 15 μg/g tissue,excepted for epi-removed group.Conclusions The diffusion of riboflavin to the corneal stroma can be fully enhanced by removing the epithelium preoperatively,penetration enhancer EDTA can effectively promote the penetration of riboflavin to the cornea,but it still can not replace the role of removing epithelium on the penetration of riboflavin to the cornea.

Objective To explore the changes in Ca2+ concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured myocytes in rat subjected to hypovolemia shock.Methods 84 Wistar rats were randomized into two groups:hypertonic solution resuscitation(HES,n=42)and 0.9% sodium chloride resuscitation(NS,n=42).At different timepoint(pre-shock stage,shock,post-resuscitation 5min,15min,30min,60min and 90min),the cultured cardiac myocytes,some were stained with JC-1,used fluo-4/AM as calcium probe,the others were assayed for Ca2+ mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytomety.Results Ca2+ concentration of group HES at shock,post-resuscitation 5min,15min and 30min was higher than that of pre-shock stage,but mitochondrial membrane potential at post-resuscitation 60min and 90min was lower(P0.05).Ca2+ concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential of group HES at post-resuscitation 60min and 90min were more significantly different than that of group NS(P

By sorting out the action and the application of Astragalus in the main works about Chinese herb during the different historical period, the experience that the physician had applied Astragalus could be known, the whole process that Astragalus had been applied from begin has been understood. Based on that study, its beneficial to reasonably apply Astragalus in the clinical application, further to deeply find and succeed the potential and the loosed action and the applied experience of Astragalus. That study provides the theory foundation for further expanding the applied scope of Astragalus, also presents a kind of train of thought for the research and develop of new Chinese herbs.

Lynch syndrome.(LS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation in the mismatch repair genes (MMR).Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common extra-colonic cancers of LS Ⅱ type.Among the female members of LS family with the MMR gene mutation,EC has an overall lifetime risk more than 35％.LS-associated EC is more likely present as the clinical pathological characteristics of early age of onset,endometrioid adenocarcinoma,lower grade,lower uterine segment involvement,and better prognosis.LS patients with family history and early age of onset should be performed with a combined screening and genetic testing,while high-risk patients should be taken clinical monitoring methods as endometrial biopsy.Oral contraceptives mav be reasonable chemopreventive agents in the patients with LS.Although prophylactic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is an effective strategy to prevent EC in women with LS,preoperative counseling should address the trade-offs between the reduction in the risk of cancer,and the risks and side effects of surgery.The patients need hormone replacement therapy after surgery.

Objective: Self-enhancement is a kind of motive that urges people to attend exclusively to the positive aspects of himself,it is so intense that individuals even tend to distort the threatening information to some degree so that they can maintain a positive self-view. This research is to investigate the pattern of self-enhancement of Chinese people. Methods: Self-enhancement was measured by requiring participants to make self attribution as well as other attribution of their success and failure on eight factors. Results: There existed strong self-enhancement motive in Chinese individuals. Specifically,Chinese undergraduates attribute their success to inner factors such as personality and effort. This trends also evident in the conditions in which participants were asked to speculate the attribute pattern of other people like his/her mother on their own success and failure. Conclusion: Chinese undergraduates tend to enhance the self-image in other people's eyes.