Hematopoiesis starts from the embryo and runs through the entire life of a living body, which is a multi-stage and complex dynamic process that is regulated by multiple pathways, involving a variety of cells and hematopoietic anatomical locations. During the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system, the currently known hematopoietic anatomical locations mainly include yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros, fetal liver, bone marrow, and thymus. The first three are mainly responsible for hematopoiesis during the embryonic and fetal period, while bone marrow is the main place for postnatal hematopoiesis, and thymus is mainly responsible for the differentiation of T lymphocytes. Integrating flow cytometry, in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal transplantation models, early researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of the differentiation pathways of hematopoietic cells. However, due to technical limitations, it is difficult to track the single-cell hematopoietic activity of hematopoietic organs. Transcriptome sequencing at the single-cell level provides researchers with a unique perspective, making it possible to draw the most detailed cell fate transition maps of the hematopoietic development of living organisms, and providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of hematological tumors. In this article, we reviewed the research progress in the use of large-scale single-cell transcriptome sequencing in the field of physiological hematopoiesis in recent years.
Technology

In 10 years recently, there is a big effort in the activities for investment of technological science, modernization of manufacture line and improvement the quality of the production. However, how does the effect of these activities that impact to each enterprise in particular and pharmacy in general still make a question without answer. So, researching and applying effectively evaluation methods in activities for investment for each enterprise in particular and pharmacy in general are necessary and useful matter
Pharmacy, Technology

No abstract available.
Biomedical Technology*

Aims: Developing HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) in yogurt and soy milk-making process at 4 kitchens of Hoa Hong, Hoa My, Anh Sao and Hoa Mai kindergartens, based on 7 principles of FAO/WHO. Subject: yogurt and soy milk making process at each place. Result: HACCP had benefits for food hygiene and safety activities of kindergartens and help its food to be safer: 100% of yogurt samples met requirements and there was only 1/17 of soy milk samples contaminated with microorganism. Difficulty: All kitchen staffs access to HACCP in the first time, therefore the external support is needed to develop HACCP.
Technology ; Research

AIM: The purposes are to (a) examine the emerging concepts of connection within nursing practice and education; (b) evaluate current measures of connections within nursing practice and education; and c) identify strategies for enhancing connections between nursing educators and students and for nurses and patients.

BACKGROUND: Nursing and other disciplines rely on connections, although the term has evolved significantly in recent years due to changes of perceptions and expectations within other disciplines and within society. The lack of an empirical tool and defined attributes has constrained research and knowledge development. The initial exploration provided the first step in understanding the context and meaning of the word connect within the nursing profession. Three specific components were identified in this initial exploration within the nursing perspective: (a) respect, (b) trust, and (c) mutuality. Although the foundation of nursing care is based on the relationship and connections between the nurse and the patient, it is further identified in the first article that the need to further investigate the emerging ideas of connection within nursing practice and education.

METHODS: A detailed literature review was used to explore the phenomena of connection. The review of literature was performed through searches of CINAHL, EBSCO, and PubMed utilizing resources from the disciplines of transportation, business, technology, and nursing. Criteria for inclusion were (a) peer--reviewed articles; (b) articles published in English; and c) articles published between 2000 and 2014. Search terms included: connect, connection, connected, connectedness, and nursing. The search yielded a total of 114 articles; 33 were selected for inclusion. Definitions and related attributes were organized and classified based on relevance and frequency within the literature.

RESULTS: The attributes that were consistently found in the literature within the nurse to patient connection were: (a) interactions between the person and the object of connection; (b) an inherent need to be part of a social system; (c) use of communication in verbal, written, non­verbal, physical or virtual format; (d) the occurrence of meaningfulness, trust, mutuality and respect; (e) polychronicity; and (f) technology based emphasis. Instruments that measure connections and connectedness provide valuable insight into the concept. However, they do not adequately address the concept of connection as it relates to nursing practice and education with current technological.

CONCLUSIONS: While connection is a common term and fundamental to the role of the nurse/patient relationship, the defining attributes of connect have dynamically changed, and therefore require new understanding. It is critical to restructure the nurse to patient connection and to redefine the term within nursing practice and education with the inclusion of the multifaceted technological advances that define our current generations. Strategies that would enhance the nursing educator and student connection include: a) creation of additional nursing educational based Apps and Apps that focus on self-instruction tutorials and remediation techniques for non-successful students; b) integration of technological learning modalities into nursing curricula in both undergraduate and graduate programs; c) reduction of use of textbooks and inclusion of technology based learning; d) development of learning communities inside and outside of the classroom; e) creation of virtual resource support with simultaneous communication and valuable nursing information; f) and increased use of virtual environment and virtual communication.

Concept analysis on adaptation to technology was done to give emphasis to its use in the nursing profession towards quality care. The constant changing environment not to mention the sudden existence of COVID-19 surprised the world alongside with arising technology that led to the idea of adaptation of nurses to meet the patient and/or client's needs. The method used in the concept was the Walker and Avant's approach. This approach is achieved through eight phases: choosing a concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying borderline, related, and contrary cases, identifying antecedents and consequences, and defining empirical referents. The attributes of adaptation of nurses were successful interaction of nursing population with the technological environment and changes in function of the Nurse as to get used to daily routine and technology.
Nurses ; Technology ;

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of extended reality (XR) technology in clinical surgeries for improving the success rate of surgeries. METHODS: To assist the surgeons to better understand the location, size and geometric shape of the lesions and reduce potential radiation exposure in minimally invasive surgical navigation based on two-dimensional images, we constructed three-dimensional models based on CT data and used XR technology to achieve intraoperative navigation. An improved quaternion method was used to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic positioning, with which the system error of positioning accuracy was reduced to below 2 mm. A 5G network was used to optimize the server GPU programming algorithm, and real-time video stream coding strategy and network design were adopted to reduce data transmission jam and delay in the remote surgery network, which achieved an average delay of less than 60 ms. A Gaussian distribution deformation model was used to simulate collision detection and stress deformation of the tissues to achieve a tactile perception effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The intraoperative navigation system based on XR technology allowed more accurate determination of the location of the lesions, effectively reduced the surgical risk, and avoided the risk of intraoperative radiation exposure. The low latency and high fidelity of 5G network achieved real-time interaction during the surgery to provide a technical basis for multi-terminal remote cooperative surgery. The combination of force feedback technology and XR technology enables the surgeons to conduct deep immersion preoperative planning and virtual surgery to improve the success rate of surgery and shorten the learning curve.
Algorithms ; Technology

The number of combination products is increasing, and the cutting-edge and innovative technologies are constantly being used. How to evaluate combination products become difficult points. This study team summarizes the supervision conditions of the combination products and analyzes the common problems of these products application from the perspective of technical review, in order to provide reference for Chinese manufacturers and investigators in these products registration.
Biomedical Technology

With the progress of science and technology and the increase of clinical demand, medical robots have developed rapidly and played a important role in promoting the medical cause. Service robot is a branch of medical robot, which is mainly oriented to medical service and assistance needs, and has been applied in many medical scenarios and achieved demonstration effects. This research first describes the development of medical service robots, and then summarizes the key technologies and clinical applications of robots. Finally, it points out the challenges and directions that medical service robots face at present, and puts forward prospects for their further development in the medical field.
Robotics ; Technology

No abstract available.
Biomedical Technology* ; Informatics* ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical*