A 25-year-old man crashed his car into an electric light pole, and was brought to our hospital. Pericardial effusion inducing cardiac tamponade was detected on computed tomography, but there was no findings suggesting traumatic injuries of any other organs. Since he demonstrated shock during the examination, we performed pericardial drainage following pericardiocentesis to eliminate the cardiac tamponade. After approximately 150 ml of blood was drained, his blood pressure increased and stabilized. Blunt cardiac rupture was diagnosed after blood drainage, and midsternotomy was then performed. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was established for exploration and confirmation of the injured site. The injured site was confirmed at the junction of the right lower pulmonary vein and right basal pulmonary vein. However, surgical repair under partial circulatory support was impossible because the injury was complicated and hemorrhage was not controllable. Furthermore, there was a risk of air embolization during the process of repair. Therefore, an additional drainage tube was inserted into the superior vena cava, and then the injury was repaired by direct closure under total perfusion using another circulatory circuit with a venous reservoir. No cases of isolated injury of intrapericardial pulmonary vein injury have been reported previously. It was suspected that the development of this injury was related to air bag deployment. This case could be saved by surgical repair under total perfusion using cardiopulmonary bypass.

A 78-year-old man experienced transient palpitations. Echocardiography disclosed a mobile tumor measuring 8mm in diameter in the right atrium. Although the symptom was transient, surgical resection with cardiopulmonary bypass was performed because of the detection of multiple perfusion defects on lung perfusion scintigraphy. The tumor was found to be papillary fibroelastoma. Papillary fibroelastoma is a benign endocardiac tumor less frequent than myxoma and cardiac lipoma, and commonly arising from a heart valve. Papillary fibroelastoma arising from the right atrium is rare. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the mass has not recurred during one year of follow-up.

The diagnosis of ruptured dissecting limited abdominal aortic aneurysm was made in four cases. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1/3, and mean age was 63.5 years (from 53 to 78yr). Only one of these cases die due to intraoperative bleeding. Other three cases were discharged from our hospital. Intraluminal proximal anastomosis after fixed dissected aortic wall due to mattress suture and end to end anastomosis with reinforcement by Teflon felt were good results. The one case who was anastomosed simple intraluminal method has pseudoaneurysm in the proximal portion. It is important to diagnose preoperatively dissection and to make end to end anastomosis with Teflon felt.

A 66-year-old man suddenly fell into a state of shock on his way back to his room after emergency coronary angiography and intracoronary thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Both echocardiography and pericardiocentesis suggeted a diagnosis of cardiac rupture. The patient was transferred to an operating room with a percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system (PCPS) and intraaortic balloon pumping. Following thoracotomy and release of cardiac tamponade, blow out rupture of the left ventricular free wall was detected. The rupture was repaired using triple mattress sutures by reinforcing with felt pledgets. An infarctectomy was not added and cardiopulmonary bypass was not used. Postoperative recovery of cardiac function was satisfactory and the left ventricular ejection fraction after 2 months was 35%. PCPS and consecutive surgical therapy are effective for the treatment of blow out rupture of the left ventricular free wall.

Between Nov. 1981 and Dec. 1990, seventy-seven patients underwent surgical repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (56, non-ruptured and 21, ruptured). There were no operative and hospital deaths in the non-ruptured group and 4 deaths (19%) in the ruptured group. To improve operative results by means of decreasing hemorrhagic blood loss and operative time, we have ameliolated some points of the technical procedures as follows. Dissection of the perianeurysmal tissue was limited to only the neck and anterior peritoneal surface of the aneurysm. Taping to keep the aorta and distal iliac artery was not applied and vascular clamps were placed without dissection of the posterior walls of the aorta and distal arteries. Proximal anastomosis of the Y-vascular prostheses were performed by the inclusion technique. The end-to-side method was used in distal anastomosis to the external iliac arteries routing behind the ureter. Even when aneurysmal dilatation involved the common iliac arteries, the orifices of the common iliac arteries were closed by continuous sutures bilaterally. In ruptured cases too, this standard technique was used without application of special means for proximal cross-clamping. Postoperative arteriography or enhanced computed tomography reveald thrombosis and reduction in size of residual aneurysm of the common iliac artery. By these improved surgical techniques, 25 cases (45%) of the 56 non-ruptured group had surgical correction of the abdominal aortic aneurysm without using homologous blood transfusion. Cumulative 5-year survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method of non-ruptured and ruptured group was 87% and 49% respectively.

A 54-year-old man developed cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. Urgent coronary angiogram revealed complete occlusion at proximal portion of the right coronary artery and severe stenosis at just proximal site of the left anterior descending branch. Following thrombolytic therapy was not successful and he was sent to the operating room for coronary artery bypass surgery under external cardiac massage after 6hr from the onset. Three aorto-coronary bypasses were made to left anterior descending branch, first diagonal branch and right coronary artery using saphenous vein grafts by aortic cross-clamping of 67min. He fell into severe low cardiac output syndrome and could not be weaned from the cardiopulmonary bypass even by catecholamine infusions and IABP support. Veno-arterial bypass consisted of centrifugal pump and membranous artificial oxygenator was instituted. Venous blood was drained from the right atrium using percutaneous cannula via the right femoral vein and oxygenated blood was returned to the right subclavian artery. Hemodynamics recovered dramatically and after 71hr of this assisted circulation he was weaned from veno-arterial bypass. Activated coagulation time was maintained within 180-200sec. During this period, the centrifugal pump and oxygenator was not necessary to change and no clot was seen in the bypass system. He discharged from our hospital after 2 mo, postoperatively and now he is doing well as NYHA class-II 8 mo. postoperatively.

We experienced a 51-year-old male case of CABG whose graftography one month after CABG revealed a 0.5cm venous bypass graft aneurysm. Anginal pain recurred in the eighth month after CABG. Re-graftography showed enlargement of the aneurysm and stenosis of the graft at the same site. Re-CABG was carried out successfully and his postoperative course was good. Venous graft aneurysm is a comparatively rare complication, and that of the present case was considered to be most ascribable to the fragility of the graft, caused by mediastinitis secondary to the first CABG. Thrombus formation was noted in the aneurysm, with a risk of causing rupture or myocardial infarction. Therefore, such graft aneurysms should be treated by re-CABG as soon as possible after detection.

A 27-year-old female with Marfan's syndrome underwent successful emergency surgery for rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Annulo-aortic ectasia with a saccular aneurysm of the aortic arch was revealed by angiography after the initial operation. Cabrol's operation with replacement of the aortic arch was performed. Because bleeding from the distal anastomotic portion was uncontrollable, the segment was ligated and an extra-anatomical bypass was performed from the ascending aortic graft to the bilateral femoral arteries. Intra-graft balloon pumping was carried out in the extra-anatomical bypass graft while the patient was in low cardiac output condition after the second operation. This was considered to be an effective circulatory assist procedure.

A 58-year-old man was admitted with pulsatile abdominal mass with fever and dull pain. Abdominal aortic aneurysm with left hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the left ureter was diagnosed by CT scanning. Aortic valve replacement was performed ten years previously for aortic regurgitation and recently his cardiac function deteriorated. On the 5th day after admission he suddenly suffered from hemorrhagic shock with massive melena. Emergency laparotomy was performed and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was observed penetrating to the sigmoid colon with perianeurysmal abscess. The abdominal aorta was excluded and closed using two-layer sutures just below the renal artery, and bilateral common iliac arteries were also closed. The aneurysmal sac and the sigmoid colon were removed as a whole, and colostomy was made according to Hartmann's procedure. Permanent right axillo-bifemoral bypass graftiny was made to avoid infectious complications of the vascular graft. A successful vascular reconstruction was done without any complication of graft infection, however he died of cardiac failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy after 4 months postoperatively. We reported a successfully treated abdominal aortic aneurysm extending to the sigmoid colon with hemorrhagic schok.

A 37-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of haemoptysis. She had undergone descending thoracic aorta-abdominal aorta bypass grafting 11 years previously. Then the diagnosis was atypical coarctation due to aortitis syndrome. No follow up had been continued. Angiogram and CTscan disclosed a false aneurysm at the anastomotic site of the descending thoracic aorta, which was ruptured into the left lung. An emergency operation was performed. A new extra-anatomical ascending aorta abdominal aorta bypass was constructed using 16mm Dacron prosthesis, and three permanent clamps were employed for thromboexclusion of the descending aorta, previous bypass graft and the ruptured aneurysm. At present, three years after the operation, she is leading normal life with medication of hypotensive drugs. Pathogenesis, surgical approach and long-term postoperative care were discussed.