Objective:To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of rebamipide on non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) related small intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:A total of 21 C57BL/6 mice were selected and by random number table method, they were divided into negative control group (0.9% NaCl gavage for four days), indomethacin modeling group (20 mg/kg indomethacin gavage for four days) and rebamipide intervention group (20 mg/kg indomethacin gavage for four hours and then 320 mg·kg -1·d -1 rebamipide gavage for four days), seven mice in each group. After modeling, the injury of mice intestinal mucosa of indomethacin modeling group and rebamipide intervention group was evaluated by gross observation as well as pathological analysis. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of IL-6, IL-10, TFF3, cyclooxygenase 2( COX2) and EGF at mRNA level of mice small intestinal tissues were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). And the relative expression of TFF3, COX2 and EGF at protein level of mice small intestinal tissues were determined by Western blotting. Levene test and independent sample t test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The scores of gross observation and histopathology of mice small intestinal mucosa injury of rebamipide intervention group were both lower than those of indomethacin modeling group (2.80±0.45 vs. 4.60±1.14, 1.67±0.52 vs. 3.00±0.71), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.667 and 3.618, P=0.029 and 0.006). The mouse serum level of IL-6 and the expression of IL-6 at mRNA level in intestinal tissues of indomethacin modeling group were both higher than those of the negative control group, however the serum level of IL-10 was lower than that of the negative control group ((48.83±5.40) ng/L vs. (40.96±5.92) ng/L, 5.23±2.36 vs. 1.12±0.56, (168.50±10.57) ng/L vs. (186.30±7.77) ng/L), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.307, 3.372 and 3.366; P=0.047, 0.007 and 0.012). The expression of IL-6 at mRNA level in mice small intestinal tissues of rebamipide intervention group was lower than that of indomethacin modeling group (1.74±0.82 vs. 5.23±2.36), however, the expression of IL-10 at mRNA level was higher than that of indomethacin modeling group (6.44±3.46 vs. 1.22±0.83), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.409 and 3.025, P=0.008 and 0.014). The serum levels of TFF3, PGE2 and EGF, the expression of TFF3 at mRNA level of small intestinal tissues, the relative expression of COX2 and EGF at protein level of small intestinal tissues of indomethacin modeling group were all lower than those of the negative control group ((131.20±16.37) ng/L vs. (150.30±9.66) ng/L, (32.68±6.88) ng/L vs. (41.51±3.20) ng/L, (112.70±17.17) ng/L vs. (138.20±10.10) ng/L, 0.43±0.22 vs. 1.20±0.50, 0.33±0.25 vs. 1.30±0.43, 0.28±0.19 vs. 1.15±0.10), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.290, 2.645, 2.867, 3.097, 3.405 and 7.106; P=0.048, 0.021, 0.025, 0.017, 0.027 and 0.002). The mice serum levels of PGE2 and EGF, expression of TFF3, COX2 and EGF at mRNA level of small intestinal tissues, as well as the expression of TFF3 and EGF at protein level of small intestinal tissues of rebamipide intervention group were all higher than those of indomethacin modeling group ((43.55±5.28) ng/L vs. (32.68±6.88) ng/L, (153.30±15.66) ng/L vs. (112.70±17.17) ng/L, 2.48±1.70 vs. 0.43±0.22, 2.95±1.56 vs. 0.88±0.45, 3.97±2.54 vs. 0.98±0.76, 1.47±0.26 vs. 0.72±0.35, 1.08±0.36 vs. 0.28±0.19), and the differences were statistically significant ( t= 2.711, 3.658, 2.656, 2.856, 2.524, 3.013 and 3.435; P=0.024, 0.008, 0.026, 0.019, 0.033, 0.039 and 0.026). Conclusions:Rebamipide alleviates small intestinal mucosal injury induced by indomethacin by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and promoting the expression of intestinal mucosal protective factors suggesting that rebamipide plays a protective role in NSAID related small intestinal injury by maintaining the chemical barrier of the intestinal mucosal.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of progressive resistance exercise for improving the lower limb motor function of hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods Eighty-nine hemiplegic patients were randomly divided into a treatment group (n =46) and a control group ( n = 43 ) . Both groups received routine rehabilitation training, while the treatment group also undertook progressive resistance training. The control group received extra quadriceps femoris training. Before and after the treatment, motor function was evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer lower limb assessment, functional ambulation category (FAC) classification and the modified Barthel index (MBI). Results Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the assessments. Four weeks later, all the assessment scores obtained with the Fugl-Meyer lower limb assessment, FCA classification and MBI in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusion Progressive resistance training combined with routine rehabilitation treatment can improve motor function in the lower limbs, ambulation and ability in the activities of daily living of hemiplegic patients after stroke.

Objective To explore the effect of specific labeling method in improving the mixed placing of medical waste in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods Medical waste classification of 34 trash cans in the NICU of a hospital between July and December 2014 were investigated,July-September was pre-implementation phase of spe-cific labeling,October-December was post-implementation phase,mixed placing of medical waste between pre-and post-implementation phase was compared.Results A total of 504 cases of medical waste classification in NICU were investigated,252 cases respectively in pre-and post-implementation phase,74 cases of mixed placing were found. Mixed placing rates before implementing specific labeling was higher than after implementing (25.40%[64/252]vs 3.97%[10/252],χ2 =46.187,P <0.001 );before implementing specific labeling,57 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing,after implementing specific labeling,only 8 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing.Mixed placing were mainly performed by trainees for in-service training and interns,accounting for 39.06% before implementing and 50.00% after implementing.Conclusion The specific labeling for standardizing and managing of medical waste can improve the classification of medical waste in NICU, significantly improve the compliance of all kinds of health care workers to the standard handling of medical waste.

With redox-sensitive fluorescene probes DCFH-DA and DHR123, the formation of cytosolic and intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside immature rat cerebellar granule cells during the apoptosis induced by nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-pennicillamine (SNAP) was monitored by laser confocal scanning microscopy. The cytosolic and intramitochondrial ROS increase significantly after 0.5 mmol/L SNAP treatment for 1 h. Pre-treatment with the nitric oxide scavenger hemoglobin can effectively inhibit the formation of cytosolic and intrarnitochondrial ROS and protect neurons from apoptosis. Adding glutathione can also protect neurons from apoptosis, and the cytotoxity of nitric oxide increases significantly while the synthesis of glutathione is inhibited. The results indicated that ROS might be involved in NO-induced apoptosis in neural cells and glutathione might be the endogenesis antioxidant to protect neurons from oxidative injury.

Objective To investigate the cryoprecipitate fracture hemorrhage clinical application value in the skull fracture hemorrhage,and provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 80 patients with standard skull frac-ture hemorrhage were selected as the research subjects.The patients were randomly divided into observation group (40 cases)and the control group (40 cases).The control group was given hemostasis,dehydration,protecting stom-ach,antibacterial,nerve nutrition,reducing intracranial pressure,head up in bed and other symptomatic treatment.The observation group received the treatment besides in the control group and added the cryoprecipitate hemostasis,every time given 10U,every 6 -8h 1 time.According to the condition,they were given the cold sediment of 1 -3 times. Then,the cases that fit to give surgery we must cured them by the operation.After treatment 24h,the coagulation inde-xes were examined [prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),thrombin time (TT),two D -dimer],plasma fibrinogen (Fbg),International Glasgow (GOS).Finally,we observed clinical prognosis in two groups.Results PT,APTT,TT were significantly shorter than before treatment in the observation group and the con-trol group(t =6.654,5.746,6.193 and 3.342,3.552,3.646,P <0.01 or P <0.05).The PT,APTT and TT of the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (t =3.322,3.406,3.315,all P <0.05). Plasma Fbg was significantly higher than before treatment in two groups(t =5.762,3.592,P <0.01 or P <0.05). Fbg in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(t =3.407,P <0.05).The clinical prog-nosis in the observation group was significantly better than the control group(χ2 =8.747,P <0.05).Conclusion Cryoprecipitate is a safe and efficient drug.It can effectively improve the blood coagulation dysfunction of patients with fracture of skull base,active endogenous coagulation system,improve hemostatic effect,and reduce the occurrence of progressive cerebral hemorrhage.Therefore,it can improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To explore the correlation between ascending aortic elasticity and coronary blood flow reserve (CFR)in patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 60 patients with essential hypertension were regarded as hypertension group,another 50 normotensive subjects were enrolled as normal control group during the same period. Ascending aortic dilation (D),stiffness (β)and CFR were measured and calculated by tissue Doppler ultrasound,then compared between two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation amongβ,D and CFR.Results:Compared with normal control group,there were significant reductions in D [(3.59±0.30)10-6 cm2/d vs.(2.88±0.77)10-6 cm2/d]and CFR [(3.23±1.16)vs.(2.02±0.63)],and significant rise inβ[(3.54 ±1.52)vs.(5.46±1.98)]in hypertension group,P<0.05 or<0.01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated thatβwas significant inversely correlated with CFR (r=-0.413,P=0.005),while D was significant positively correla- ted with CFR (r=0.384,P=0.003 ).Conclusion:Reduced ascending aortic elasticity is significantly correlated with coronary blood flow reserve.

ObjectiveTo verify the reliability of the mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy and to explore its pathological changes.MethodsSeventeen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a microinfarct group (n=11) or a sham operation group (n=6).A thinned cranial window of 3 mm diameter was performed over the cerebral cortex with a high-speed micro-drill until the small blood vessels were clearly observed under a dissecting microscope.Then, a permanent single cortical penetrating arteriole occlusion was induced with a gradually enhanced ultrashort laser irradiation through the thinned cranial window with two-photon microscopy.At 7 days after modeling, the cerebral microinfarct volume was measured with HE staining, and the neuron loss, activation of glial cells and deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine were assessed using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe target vessels of cerebral cortex in 8 (72.7%) mice were occluded and the microinfarcts formed in the microinfarct group, and the average microinfarct volume was 317.23±20.29 μm3.There were remarkable neuron loss and microglia infiltration in the infarcted core, a large number of reactive astrocytes surrounding the infarcted lesion, and massive deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the peri-infarct area.No infarcts were observed in the sham operation group.The deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the sham operation group was significantly less than that in the microinfarct group (8.00±1.48 vs.98.38±9.10;t=23.962, P<0.001).Conclusions The mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy is reliable, and its histopathologic changes are consistent with the pathologic features of cerebral microinfarct.

Objective To observe the effects of systems of progressive resistance exercise on lower limb extensors （quadriceps femoris） of stroke patients. Methods 89 stroke patients with weak lower limbs were randomly divided into progressive resistance exercise group (n=46) and control group (n=43), both receiving corresponding treatment for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Manual Muscle Test (MMT), integrated electromyogram (iEMG) and root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography on quadriceps femoris before and after the treatment. Results The incidence of improvement with MMT was 94.3% in progressive resistance exercise group, and 63.8% in control group （P<0.01）. The iEMG and RMS of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control （P<0.01）. Conclusion The systems of progressive resistance exercise could improve the muscle strength of lower limbs extensors of stroke patients more effectively.

Objective:To improve the standard and quality of clinical trials, the possible risks of Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial(IIT) approvals based on drug supply and security were discussed and suggestions were put forward.Methods:According to the laws and regulations and literature review, concerning experimental drug supply and security during project negotiation, the risk points of IIT approvals were comprehensively analyzed and suggestions were put forward.Results:There are four main types of risks in assessing IIT approvals in terms of drug supply and security: drug entry and sales, drug promotion, discounts of observation fees, and concept confusion. Healthcare institutions should pay attention to and coordinate the IIT approvals.Conclusions:IIT is a supplement and extension of Industry Sponsored Trial(IST), which should be actively carried out by healthcare institutions while also paying attention to the security and risk prevention of drug supply, ensuring a standardized and orderly manner.

We reported a case of trisomy 18 with Abernethy malformation diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound, which was confirmed by chromosome karyotyping after cordocentesis and fetal autopsy. At 24 gestational weeks, fetal sonography revealed a fetus with multiple malformations (cleft lip/cleft palate of left side, left radial dysplasia, hooked hands, bilateral pes valgus, ventricular septal defect, and congenital extrahepatic portocaval shunt), which was diagnosed as trisomy 18 syndrome with Abernethy malformation. The fetus's karyotype was 47, XX+18.