Objective:To investigate whether celecoxib(CXB), a specific COX-2 inhibitor,can inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cells through blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signal transduction pathway.Methods: Primarily cultured cells were treated with different concentrations of CXB(0,2.5?10~(-6),5?10~(-6),1?10~(-5),2?10~(-5),3?10~(-5),4?10~(-5),5?10~(-5)mol/L) and the proliferative status was evaluated by BrdU assay.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);the production of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and phosphoMAPK were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay;and the expression of PCNA,MAPK and phospho-MAPK protein was detected by Western blotting.Results: BrdU assay revealed that CXB inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner;the maximum inhibition rate([63.9?1.2]%) was found when cells were treated with 2?10~(-5) mol/L CXB for 24 h.VEGF secretion by cyst lining epithelial cell was reduced by CXB in a concentration and time-dependent manner.The mRNA and protein levels of PCNA,phospho-MAPK in CXBtreated group were lower than those in control group(with no CXB treatment).Conclusion: CXB can obviously inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cell and the secretion of VEGF,which might be through interfering with the phosphorylation of MAPK and partly blocking MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective To improve the quality and santdard of medical French bilingual teaching and promote the learning ability of the students in medical universities. Medthods Analogy between English and French was applied to the intervention of bilingual teaching in the clinical students who were learning medical French. The advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.Results The students could apply their prior English to medical French learning and make progress in both languages. A series problems were found during the practice:arrangement of teaching contents, lack of teaching materials and shortage of teaching staff. Conclusion Analogy between English and French is an effective teaching method in both foreign language teaching and bilingual teaching. But the expected teaching goals can be achieved only by formulating reasonable teaching contents and strategies and mproving teachers’ quality.

Objective To investigate the status of urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection and their drug tolerance in our area,so as to guide rational administration for the clinic.Methods Mycoplasma culture and drug susceptibility test were performed for 771 patients with urogenital infaction. The culture,identification and drug resistance of mycoplasma were carried out with one complex mycoplasma kit.Results The positive rate of Uu was 49.9%. The proportional percentage of males was 12.5% and the Uu positive rate was 22.3%,for females,the proportional percentage and Uu positive rate was 87.5% and 60.6% respectively. The population aged 21-40 was susceptible to Uu infection. The most sensitive antibioties to Uu was clindamycin (95.12%),followed by doxycycline (87.57%) and roxithromycin (86.24%).Conclusion The difference of Uu drug sensitivty was significant in different areas. So it is necessary to select antibioties by drug sensitivity. Clindamycin,doxycycline and roxithromycin may are used as preferred antibioties in treating Uu infection in our area. The drug-resistance status of spectinomycin and lincomycin was serious.

In order to get more nutrition from outside the erythrocyte,new channels were induced by malaria par-asite.These channels play an important role in physiology of the parasitized cell.They are of interest both as potential targets in their own right and as potential drug targeting routes capable of mediating the entry of cytotoxic drugs into the app-ropriate compartment of the infected cell.It is hoped that this new anti-malarial strategy will help to create a sustainable anti-malaria-drug-development portfolio for the treatment of malaria.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for reasonably designing package inserts of ointment for manufacturers. METH-ODS:According to items included in Management Regulation for Package Insert and Label and Specification for Chemicals and Bi-ological Products for Treatment,labeled items in package inserts of 51 kinds of ointment for external use during Jan.-Jun. 2016 in our hospital were analyzed. RESULTS:Among the 51 kinds of ointment,39 were domestic varieties and 12 were imported variet-ies. In the package inserts of 39 domestic varieties,items with lower labeling rates were overdose,pharmacokinetics,use guid-ance,pharmacology and toxicology,with labeling rates of 2.6%,5.1%,15.4%,28.2%;while the labeling rates of imported vari-eties were 16.7%,83.3%,75.0%,100%. Compared with package inserts of imported ointment,composition,dosage and usage, adverse reactions,contraindications,precautions,drug interactions,medication for special populations were not enough detailed in domestic ointments. CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested that manufacturers consult medicine experts, list all auxiliary materials through Management Regulation for Drug Description and Label,refine and improve the labeling contents of dosage and usage,ad-verse reactions,precautions,medication for special populations,pharmacology and toxicology,overdose,etc. In addition,admin-istrative departments should strengthen the regulatory approval efforts.

Objective: To evaluate the development, safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) for management of upper urinary tract calculi in pediatric patients.Methods: In the study, 77 pediatric patients undergoing 87 PNLs through mini or standard tract for upper urinary tract calculi between January 2005 and December 2016 in Peking University People''s hospital were reviewed, including 69 renal calculi, 6 upper ureteral calculi, 12 renal and upper ureteral calculi, 35 single calculi, 43 multiple calculi and 9 staghorn calculi.The development and efficacy of PNL in pediatric patients were studied by analyzing the characteristics and clinical indexes, and by reviewing the associated literature.The Clavien classification system was used to evaluate the complications after PNL.Results: A total of 87 PNLs were performed in 77 pediatric patients.Eighty-one upper urinary tract calculi were managed through a single tract(93.1%), 5 pediatric patients were managed through 2 tracts(5.7%), and 1 pe-diatric patient was managed through 3 tracts(1.2%).The mean operating time was (77.0±29.8) min.The stone-free rate after one session was 100% for single calculi and 71.2% for multiple or staghorn calculi, 5(5.8%) children underwent auxiliary procedure to remove the residual calculi and the final stone-free rate of PNL was 88.5%.One of the main complications of pediatric PNL was fever.Sixteen(18.4%) had moderate fever(38-39 ℃), 5(5.7%) had high fever(39-40 ℃) and there were no severe complications of infection, such as sepsis or septic shock.The mean hemoglobin loss was (10.3±16.1) g/L and the serum creatinine rise was (7.0±13.3) μmol/L.One(1.2%) pediatric patient suffered ureteroscopic lithotripsy because of the obstruction by the residual stone in ureter.No injury of organs or retroperitoneal urinary extravasation occurred.General assessment of the complications showed Clavien grade Ⅰ complications in 14 (16.1%) pediatric patients, grade Ⅱ in 7(8.0%) children and grade Ⅲ in 1(1.2%) children.There was no grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ complications.The overall complication rate was 25.3%.Conclusion: PNL for management of upper urinary tract calculi in pediatric patients is effective.Complications after PNL, as assessed with Clavien classification system, are mild and PNL in pediatric patients is safe.

Objective To obtain panorama X-ray images of the lower extremity with a simple method,eliminate the mosai-cing error,and apply this manual stitching technique for digital radiography to the measurement of the force line in total knee arthroplasty.Methods The track of X-ray tube was preset,and Dicom format data were collected by using digital X-ray ima-ging.Then,the data were imported to photoshop CS4 for manual image registration and image fusion.The reliability of the film was tested by comparing the vertical length of the body symbols proj ection in the coronal plane with that on the panorama X-ray (AutoCAD 2010)images.Moreover,the hip-knee-ankle angle was compared before and after operation.Results The matching sample t-test showed there were no significant differences in the length(4 groups of data)between the greater trochanter femur and the fibular head,and between the fibular head and the lateral malleolus between before and after operation(P>0.05 for all) .The hip-knee-ankles angle was much greater after operation than that before operation.Conclusion This manual stitching technique for digital radiography can produce seamless and precise panorama X-ray images,which can be used to reflect the length and angle of the lower extremity before and after operation.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of cesarean section operation incision infection ,so as to provide refer‐ence for preventing and controlling cesarean section operation incision infection effectively .Methods A total of 29 cases were se‐lected who hospitalized in our hospital during December 2011 and December 2012 and whose incision of cesarean operation was in‐fected as the observation group .They were retrospectively analyzed .Then another 29 cases were chosen whose incision of cesarean operation was not infected as the control group .The clinical data in two groups were compared and the risk of infected incision were investigated .Results The incision infection occurred in 29 of 589 cases undergoing cesarean section with the infection rate 4 .9% . Univariate analysis showed that ,the maternal BMI in observation group was (25 .9 ± 1 .1)kg /m2 ,uterine scar for 6 cases ,emergency operation for 18 cases ,operation time was(1 .2 ± 0 .6) h ,the hospitalization time was (7 .1 ± 2 .3) d ,6 cases with underlying disease , premature rupture of membranes for 12 cases ,the vagina and anus diagnosis number was(3 .3 ± 0 .6) times ,the comparison with the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed ,BMI (OR =2 .802) ,operation time (OR = 5 .813) ,with basic diseases (OR = 6 .182) ,premature rupture of membranes (OR = 11 .219) were risk factors for cesarean section operation incision infection .Conclusion There are many factors that can influence the surgical incision infections .It is necessary for the high‐risk population to take effective measures to prevent surgical incision infections .

Objective:To investigate and compare the influences of Ghrelin and growth hormone releasing peptide 6(GHRP-6) on the contractility of stomach smooth muscle in guinea pigs,and to study the related mechanism.Methods: The myenteric plexuses of gastric fundus and antrium in guinea pigs were stimulated with electrical field stimulation(EFS) to observe the influence of Ghrelin and GHRP-6 on the contractility of stomach smooth muscle.The influences of N-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) and L-Arginine(L-AA) on the effect of Ghrelin and GHRP-6 were studied to disclose the mechanism of the effects of Ghrelin and GHRP-6.Results: The circular muscle tissues of the gastric fundus generated on-relaxations and off-contractions when stimulating myenteric plexuses with 1-16 Hz electrical field;the on-responses induced relaxation could be reduced by L-NNA and the off-contractions induced contraction could be blocked by atropine and guanethidine.In fundic strips,ghrelin and GHRP-6 could decrease the on-response induced relaxation and increase off-response induced contraction of the muscle,with the effect of Ghrelin obviously stronger than that of GHRP-6.L-NNA could increase the effects of Ghrelin and GHRP-6-induced muscle contraction,and L-AA could decrease their effects.In the antral strips,electrical field stimulation of myenteric plexuses led to disappearance of relaxation wave,only leaving off-contractions.Both ghrelin and GHRP-6 could increase that contraction.Conclusion: Both ghrelin and GHRP-6 can promote the contractility of stomach smooth muscle in guinea pigs through stimulating myenteric plexuses of gastric fundus and antrium,which might be related to the NO pathway.

The preparation process of Xiaoyaosan Oral Liquid was investigated with the orthogonal test. As a result,the amount of water added was a main factor influencing the dip-extraction effect of crude Chinese medical materials when the oral liquid was made with the method of distillation and warm dip. It was suggested that the following process would be the best to ensure the extraction of active compo- nents:adding 10 times amounts of water,then dipping and extracting for 1.5h at 90℃ and repeating 3 times.