Objective To improve the quality and santdard of medical French bilingual teaching and promote the learning ability of the students in medical universities. Medthods Analogy between English and French was applied to the intervention of bilingual teaching in the clinical students who were learning medical French. The advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.Results The students could apply their prior English to medical French learning and make progress in both languages. A series problems were found during the practice:arrangement of teaching contents, lack of teaching materials and shortage of teaching staff. Conclusion Analogy between English and French is an effective teaching method in both foreign language teaching and bilingual teaching. But the expected teaching goals can be achieved only by formulating reasonable teaching contents and strategies and mproving teachers’ quality.

Objective:To investigate whether celecoxib(CXB), a specific COX-2 inhibitor,can inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cells through blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signal transduction pathway.Methods: Primarily cultured cells were treated with different concentrations of CXB(0,2.5?10~(-6),5?10~(-6),1?10~(-5),2?10~(-5),3?10~(-5),4?10~(-5),5?10~(-5)mol/L) and the proliferative status was evaluated by BrdU assay.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);the production of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and phosphoMAPK were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay;and the expression of PCNA,MAPK and phospho-MAPK protein was detected by Western blotting.Results: BrdU assay revealed that CXB inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner;the maximum inhibition rate([63.9?1.2]%) was found when cells were treated with 2?10~(-5) mol/L CXB for 24 h.VEGF secretion by cyst lining epithelial cell was reduced by CXB in a concentration and time-dependent manner.The mRNA and protein levels of PCNA,phospho-MAPK in CXBtreated group were lower than those in control group(with no CXB treatment).Conclusion: CXB can obviously inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cell and the secretion of VEGF,which might be through interfering with the phosphorylation of MAPK and partly blocking MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effect of celecoxib (CXB), a specific COX-2 inhibitor, on the proliferation of Han: SPRD-cy rats' renal cyst, and to probe into the related mechanism. Methods: Totally 57 3-week-old male Han: SPRD heterozygous(cy/+) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=19): control group (fed with normal forage), low dosage CXB group (3 mg·kg -1·d-1) and high dosage CXB (10 mg·kg -1·d-1) treatment groups. The animals and their bilateral kidneys were weighed; the 2-kidney weight/total body weight (2K/TBW) ratio was calculated. The renal cystic index (CI), fibrosis index, and inflammatory cell infiltration in interstitium were observed by pathologic renal tissue slices. The co-expression of PCNA and COX-2 was analyzed by double immunofluorescence labeling technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The expression of PCNA and COX-2 protein was examined by Western blotting analysis. Results: The 2K/TBW ratio of the low dosage group ([1.10±0.009] %) was significantly lower than that of the control group ([1.33±0.02]%) at the 16-week old, (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the inflammatory cell infiltration in other two groups was significantly decreased ([2.6±0.26], [2.8±0.31] vs [3.7±0.33]), P<0.05). The fluorescence intensities of COX-2, PCNA in the low dosage CXB group was significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the other two groups had significantly decreased expression of COX-2 ([0.326±0.011], [0.409±0.008] vs [0.814±0.012], P<0.05) and PCNA ([0.763±0.051], [0.925±0.042] vs [0.988±0.031], P<0.05). Conclusion: CXB at 3, 10 mg·kg -1·d-1 can reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibit the proliferation of Han: SPRD rat's renal cyst, probably through inhibition of COX-2.

Objective: To investigate whether celecoxib (CXB), a specific COX-2 inhibitor, can inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cells through blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. Methods: Primarily cultured cells were treated wi th different concentrations of CXB (0,2.5×10-6, 5×10-6, 1×10-5, 2×10-5, 3×10-5, 4×10-5, 5×10-5 mol/L) and the proliferative status was evaluated by BrdU assay. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the production of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phospho-MAPK were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay; and the expression of PCNA, MAPK and phospho-MAPK protein was detected by Western blotting. Results: BrdU as say revealed that CXB inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner; the maximum inhibition rate ([63.9±1.2]%) was found when cells were treated with 2×10-5 mol/L CXB for 24 h. VEGF secretion by cyst lining epithelial cell was reduced by CXB in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of PCNA, phospho-MAPK in CXB-treated group were lower than those in control group (with no CXB treatment). Conclusion: CXB ca n obviously inhibit the proliferation of cyst lining epithelial cell and the secretion of VEGF, which might be through interfering with the phosphorylation of MAPK and partly blocking MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective To evaluate the localization and the correlation with cardiovascular risk factors of cerebral arteries damage in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in the 97 patients with TIA. The localization, the degree of stenosis, the numbers of the arteries involved and their correlation with the cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Results DSA showed occlusive findings of cerebral arteries in 91.8% of the patients, and 68 cases (76.4%) among them were involved more than one artery. The proximal internal carotid arteries (35.5%) and the proximal vertebral arteries (28.2%) were the most frequently involved in this series. And the number of the arteries involved and the degree of stenosis were positively correlated with the level of risk factors. Conclusion There is a high incidence of cerebrovascular stenosis in patients with TIA. Most of them are involved more than one artery. The degree of the stenosis is positively related with the quantity of the risk factors.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of neuroprotective effects of aspirin after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in rats using the suture method. Forty-eight experimental rats were divided into control group (group A), low-dose group (group B; aspirin 20 mg/kg), moderate-dose group (Group C; aspirin 80 mg/kg), and high-dose group (group D; aspirin 320 mg/kg), each group had 12 rats. Aspirin were continuously injected intraperitoneally in the rats in experimental groups for 3 days as an interference factor after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. At the same day after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion, the neurological function of all the rats in each group was evaluated for 4 days by the Bederson score and was documented. All the rats in each group were killed at day 4. Cerebral infarct volume were measured by TTC stain, the apoptosis in situ labeling were detected by TUNEL, and the expressions of apoptosis-regulating proteins BCL-2 and BAX were detected by inummohistochemistry. Results: Limb function improved in the groups of A, B, and C after aspirin intervention. As compared with the group A, the neurological deficit scores decreased significantly, and the infarct volume reduced significantly (compared with the group A, the infarct volume decreased 16.3%, 19.2%, and 12.8%, respectively); the positive rate of apoptosis cells in the surrounding ischemic areas decreased, they were 58%, 37%, 35%, and 40% in groups A, B, C, and D; the protein Bcl-2 expression in the ischemic areas increased 38%, 55%, 60%, and 50% in groups A, B, C, and D; and protein Bax expression decreased 50%, 34%, 33%, and 42% in groups A, B, C, and D. Among the 3 treatment groups, the efficacy of the low-and moderate-dose groups was better than that of the high-dose group. Conclusion: Early use of aspirin may decrease neurological defic its after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats, and thus exert its neuroprotective effect.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is one of the extrapulmonary complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae infectiontion children.The clinical diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is difficult, so it is necessary to make stratified diagnosis based on the diagnosis of encephalopathy and the reliability of pathogen detection evidence.In addition to considering whether antibiotics are sensitive to mycoplasma pneumoniae, the selection of antibiotics should also consider the tissue penetration of antibiotics and the safety of children′s medication.These problems may lead to the delay in diagnosis as well as treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis in children and affect the prognosis of children.This paper intended to introduce and summarize the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis and the selection principles and characteristics of main antibiotics for mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis, hoping to be helpful to clinicians.

The preparation process of Xiaoyaosan Oral Liquid was investigated with the orthogonal test. As a result,the amount of water added was a main factor influencing the dip-extraction effect of crude Chinese medical materials when the oral liquid was made with the method of distillation and warm dip. It was suggested that the following process would be the best to ensure the extraction of active compo- nents:adding 10 times amounts of water,then dipping and extracting for 1.5h at 90℃ and repeating 3 times.

Objective To determine the stage of vitiligo according to clinical and skin computed tomography (CT) features.Methods The stage of vitiligo was determined in 200 patients according to a questionnaire-based analysis of clinical features and skin CT findings respectively.Rapid progressive stage was defined as the score for vitiligous lesions or CT findings being higher than 2,slow progressive stage as the score varying from 1 to 2,and stable stage as the score less than 1.Skin samples were obtained at lesional sites receiving CT examination from 5 patients with progressive and 5 patients with stable vitiligo,and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results No significant difference was observed between staging results based on clinical features and skin CT findings.The patients diagnosed with progressive vitiligo based on clinical features presented with grey-white or pale white patches with elevated or obscure boundaries,or trichrome vitiligo,while those with stable vitiligo presented with milky-white or porcelain-white lesions with sharp boundaries and pigmented islands.As CT showed,progressive vitiligo was characterized by a loss of integrity in dermal papillary rings at the dermo-epidermal junction level,obscure boundaries between vitiligo lesions and surrounding normal skin,presence of highly refractive cells at the dermo-epidermal junction level in the margins of vitiligo lesions,while stable vitiligo characterized by complete absence of dermal papillary rings at the dermo-epidermal junction level,sharp boundaries between the lesions and surrounding normal skin,and presence of highly refractive dendritic melanocytes.HE staining showed plenty of CD8 + T lymphocytes in the papillary dermis in the margins of progressive vitiligo lesions,but no CD8+ T lymphocyte was seen in those of stable vitiligo lesions.Conclusions Both clinical and skin CT features can be used to determine the stage of vitiligo,and the staging results are consistent with those based on histopathological findings.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO)in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods Ninety patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers were studied. All of them were assessed with glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) to detect SIBO. And number connection test (NCT-A, NCT-BC) and digit symbol test (DST) were used to diagnose MHE. Results One case (5.0%) out of 20 healthy volunteers was SIBO and none was MHE,and 28 cases (31.1%) out of 90 cirrhosis patients were SIBO and 38 cases (42.2%) were MHE. Twenty-one (55.3%,21/38) cases were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients with MHE,and 7 cases (13.5%,7/52)were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients without MHE. There was significant difference between cirrhosis with MHE and cirrhosis without MHE (x2 = 17.90,P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis have a higher prevalence of SIBO. The incidence rate of SIBO in cirrhosis patients with MHE is more than that without MHE.