Ocular surface diseases are common diseases in ophthalmology.It is difficult for clinicians to make early and accurate diagnosis based on symptoms, signs and serologic examination.Compared with the blood test, the tear test can reflect the condition of the local ocular surface and it has the characteristics of being non-invasive, having high diagnostic accuracy and fast diagnostic speed.Tear detection uses modern detection techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene chip and protein chip to detect the pathogen and immune components in tear, including microbial nucleic acid, tear antibody (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, antinuclear antibody, etc.) and cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, interference factor, transforming growth factor, epidermal growth factor, etc.). Tear detection provides information about the pathogen infection and immune response on the ocular surface.At present, a large number of domestic and foreign tear detection studies show that there are certain regular changes in tear composition, not only in ocular surface diseases, uveitis, fundus diseases, thyroid related ophthalmopathy, but even in systemic diseases such as diabetes, hepatitis B, acquired immune deficiency syndrome etc.In addition, the research of tear pathogen and immune components is of great significance to study the cause, biochemical and immune process, treatment of diseases.In this paper, the latest research progress of tear collection, the clinical significance of tear pathogen and immune components and the characteristics of tear in various diseases was summarized and analyzed to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of seretide (fluticasone/salmeterol) in treatment of patients with cough variant asthma(CVA). Methods 86 CVA patients were treated with fluticasone/salmeterol propionate 8 weeks, after 8 weeks, 86 patients were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group, each group with 43 patients, the treatment group continued medicine for 4 weeks, the control group without any treatment.The two groups of patients FENO measurement values, cough symptom score before treatment and after treatment for 8 weeks, 12 weeks were compared. Results After treatment for 8 weeks, cough symptom scores and FeNO in the two groups values decreased significantly compared with those before treatment(P<0.05), 12 weeks after treatment, treatment group cough product, FeNO values, were lower than in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Fluticasone salmeterol powder inhalation can effectively improve the symptoms of cough cough variant asthma.Symptom score and FENO value can be used as a monitoring index to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CVA, and the FENO value is more effective, which has the advantages of non-invasive, simple, safe, rapid and repeatable.

Objective To investigate the influences of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum and operation position on intraocular pressure (IOP) during laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Thirty-six patients were divided into two groups of udergoing laparoscopic pelvic surgeries (group A) and udergoing laparoscopic cholecytectomies(group B) with 18 cases each. The patients in group A were operated under 25 degrees head-down position and those in group B under 25 degrees head-up position. IOP was recorded before surgery(T0), at 5 min after tracheal intubation (T1), 5 min after CO2 pneumoperitoneum(T2), 5 min(T3) and 30 min(T4) after body position changed and the time of normal PETCO2 regained(T5). Results IOP was remarkably decreased after induction of general anesthesia in both groups. IOP of group A raised to (21.0±1.6) mm Hg at T4, which was dropped to (14. 6±1.6) mm Hg at T5. IOP of group B raised to (12.1±2.9) mm Hg at T4,which was dropped to (11.1±1.2) mm Hg at T5. Changes of IOP of both groups were positively correlated with the changes of PETCO2. Conclusion IOP can be decreased remarkably after induction of general anesthesia with propofol. The head-up position and normal range of PETCO2 are the two important factors to avoid an increase of IOP in surgical patients under general anesthesia.

Child ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Dust ; analysis ; Environment Design ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVE To compare the results of three kinds of Candida albicans biofilm model systems in vitro,and observe the dynamic course of C.albicans biofilm formation.METHODS C.albicans model strain ATCC 90038 formed biofilm structure on 96 well microtiter plates,on the glass plates in 6 well cell culture plates,and on the continuous culture systems-chemostat,which was observed by fluorescent microscope,and by XTT reduction method to quantitatively analyze the formation of biofilm.RESULTS All of the three kinds of biofilm model systems could form mature biofilm structure,and the quantitative analysis of biofilm formation indicated that three methods were significantly correlated.CONCLUSIONS These three model systems are all ideal methods for studying the C.albicans biofilm,we should choose the appropriate method according to objective of the study.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Alatan Wuwei Pill. Methods Chebulae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were identified by TLC. Gallic acid and ellagic acid in Gardeniae Fructus and Granatii Fructus were determined by HPLC. Results The TLC spots developed were clear. Gallic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.058 72-1.056 96 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 99.15%(RSD=1.3%). Ellagic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.079 64-1.194 6 mg (r=1.000 0), the average recovery was 100.02% (RSD=2.3%). Conclusion The method is simple and reproducible. It can be used to control the quality of Alatan Wuwei Pill.

Objective To investigate the possible role and mechanism of the neurotoxic effect of dexamethasone on adult rats after having focal cerebral ischemia. Methods The rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) One hour after ishemia,the experimental groups were treated with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) while the control groups were treated with saline TUNEL staining and In-suit RT-PCR were used to show the changes of apoptosis and the expression of Fas mRNA at ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. Results TUNEL positive cells were present in a time from 48 h to 72 h, localizing at peripheral ischemic area The expression of Fas mRNA at peripheral ischemic area in control groups began at 12 h, peaked at 24 h, and decreased to a lower level at 48 h and 72 h, and returned to the baseline at 120 h Treatment with dexamethasone after ischemia made apoptosis present at 24 h and the number of TUNEL positive cells at 48 h exceeded that in the control group at 48 h ( P

Objective To study the expression of TGF ? 1 protein and the changes of microglia of adult rats' brain treated with dexamethasone following permanent focal cerebral ischemia as to elucidating the neurotoxic effect of dexamethasone. Methods The adult rat's models of permanent focal cerebral ischemia were established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.One hour after ischemia experimental groups were treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg?kg -1?d -1) where as the control groups were treated with saline. The size of infarct was detected by Q570 image analysis system. Immunohistochemistry and picture analyses were performed to observe the expression of TGF ? 1 protein. The microglia was demonstrated by histochemical staining with isolectin-B4.? Result Dexamethasone treatment after ischemia increases the infarct volume significantly. The expression of TGF ? 1 and the changes of microglia were mainly located at the border zone of the infarct. The accumulation of the isolectin-positive microglia began at 12 h,peaked at 2d, decreased at 5 d. The densities of microglia in the groups treated with dexamethasone after ischemia decreased significantly at 12 h,24 h and 3 d as compared with the control groups, and disappeared at 5 d.The expression time-course of TGF ? 1 protein was two-phase. The first peak of expression was at 6 h; the second was from 24 h to 72h. The significant decrease in expression of TGF? 1 protein in rats treated with dexamethasone was observed at 6 h,24 h and 72h compared with that of control group. Conclusion The exceeding inhibition of the response of microglia and the two-phase expression of TGF ? 1 protein at the border zone of infarct may play a role in the neurotoxic effect of dexamethasone on cerebral ischemia.

[Objective] To compare the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)induced by alumina and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)wear particles,and investigate the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the mechanism of the periprosthetic osteolysis induced by wear debris during aseptic loosening.[Methods]Seventy-two Kunmin mice were divided into 3 groups(24 per group)in a murine air pouch model of inflammation.The air pouches were injected with 3ml of suspension containing 1?108 /ml alumina particles in group A,while UHMWPE particles in group B,and control pouches received 3ml of sterile PBS.All animals were sacrificed at 3、7、14 days after injection.Histological changes and cell counting were assessed by light microscope.RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method were applied to detect the gene and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the pouches.[Results]Increased cell infiltration and MMP-2,MMP-9 mRNA and immunoreactivity expression were detected in group A and B,and compared to control group,cell number and gene and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in group A and B was significantly higher(P