High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.
Drug Discovery ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods

The 109th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association was held in Orlando, Florida, USA in May 2014, which received more than 1,000 abstracts on prostate cancer (PCa), covering new epidemiological data about PCa, new theories of early screening, novel molecular markers, new surgical methods, new ideas of diagnosis and treatment of castration-resistant PCa, and progress in basic researches. This paper focuses on the new theories of early screening and novel molecular markers of PCa, including the risk factors of PCa, a revolutionary understanding of the relationship between testosterone and PCa, and new application of PSA, new imaging techniques and molecular markers in the early diagnosis of PCa.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Florida ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Societies, Medical ; Testosterone ; blood ; United States ; Urology

Objective To assess the impact of recombinant pigment epithelium-derived factor (rPEDF) on the growth and invasion of the glioma cells.Methods The level of vascular enthothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA); cell proliferation assays were performed by MTT assay; the cell migratory assay was used for evaluating its inhibitory migration rate.Results The VEGF expression (0.29?0.03) of A172_ PEDF (added the PEDF to the A_ 172 cells) decreased 4.4 times compared with the A172_ con (not added the PEDF to the A_ 172 cells, 1.31?0.02, P

Objective To assess the impact of pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)on the proliferation and apoptosis of the glioma cells by detecting expression of apoptosis related proteins.Methods U87 cells were treated with PEDF(1000μg/ml,U87PEDF),or without PEDF(U87com0),cell proliferation assays were performed by MTT assay to test the effect of PEDF on proliferation of glioma cells;Apoptosis assays were performed by flow-cytometric analysis;Western-blot Was used for evaluating the expression of p16 protein.Results The induced inhibitony rates of glioma cells by PEDF were(54.29±0.62)% Compaxed with the control(t=2.63,P<0.05).The apoptosis assay showed that(21.84±0.36)% of PI- negative/annexin V-positive Was present in the U87 PEDF cells.The appoptosis was associated with the incteases of p16 protein(0.82±0.09)compared with tlle control(0.43±0.03,P<0.05).Conciusion PEDF may play a significant role in apoptosis regulation and proliferation of glioma cell accompanied with the increase of the p16 protein.

Objective To assess the impact of pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF) on the migration of the glioma cells.Methods PEDF(100 ng/ml)was added to U87 cells(U87PFDF),and VEGF of 0.25μg/ml was added to U87PEDF+VEGF while U87 cells as control(U87con).The cell migratory assav was used tbr evaluating its inhibitory migration rate of PEDF.Real time RT-PCR was used for evaluating the expression of Laminin-8 gene.Results The number of migratory cells was higher than those with added PEDF,and the inhibitory rate of migratory was 38% even in the presence of VEGF.Real time RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels of α4,β1,γl were(1.043±0.090),(0.823±0.012).(0.762±0.05) copy/μl,which were higher than those treated by PEDF(0.633±0.004),(0.442±0.005).(0.424±0.002)copy/μl,respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion PEDF could decrease the migmtory capacity of the glioma cells even in the presence of VEGF because of the regulation of Laminin-8 in part.

Sarcopenia is a series of syndromes featured by the steady and involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging.It can lower the quality of life and increase the risk of disability and mortality.Deficiency in some nutrients such as amino acids and proteins and accordingly the decreased in the synthesis of muscle protein and changes in muscle tissues may contribute to the development of sarcopenia.Therefore,nutritional interventions may play a role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Objective To study proliferation,secreted cytokines,immune phenotypes and cytotoxicity on Raji cells by cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells co-cultured with dendritic cells (DC).Methods The mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of healthy individuals were extracted,then cultured the cells under 5 ％ CO2 at 37 ℃ for 2 hours.DC were induced from suspended cells,and CIK cells were from adherent cells.After 9 days of nurturing,two types of cells were mixed.CIK cells were cultured alone as the control.The cytotoxic activity of CIK and DC-CIK cells were detected by MTT assay.The morphologies,proliferation,secreted cytokines,and immune phenotypes of the two cells in day 0,3,6,9,12,15 in culture were monitored.Results In day 12 in culture,comparing with CIK cells,DC-CIK cells significantly enhanced the proliferation rate [(42.44±2.68) fold vs (30.01±2.05) fold] (t =11.64,P ＜ 0.05) and had increased IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-12 and TNF-α secretion [(124.34±12.57) ng/L vs (56.32±6.58) ng/L,(496.60±95.32) ng/L vs (247.80± 69.45) ng/L,(84.92±6.07) ng/L vs (24.18±3.31) ng/L,(380.6±45.95) ng/L vs (196.61±24.19) ng/L] (t =15.16,P ＜ 0.05; t =6.67,P ＜ 0.05; t =27.78,P ＜ 0.05; t =11.20,P ＜ 0.05),and there were more CD3+ CD8+ cells and CD3+ CD56+ cells in the co-culture [(71.79±1.73) ％ vs (60.37±3.24) ％,(48.54±3.30) ％ vs (33.07±2.22) ％](t =9.83,P ＜ 0.05; t =12.30,P ＜ 0.05),and DC-CIK cells had a significandy increased cytotoxicity on Raji cells in vitro at the same ratio of effector cells to target cells.Conclusion CIK cells have higher proliferation rate and cytotoxicity against Raji cells when co-cultured with DC.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical curative effects of bilateral bone plate with autogenous iliac bone graft for the treatment of Schatzker IV-VI complex tibial plateau fractures.

METHODSFrom December 2011 to December 2013,32 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker IV-VI) were operated by bilateral bone plate with autogenous iliac bone graft. Among them,including 20 males and 12 females with an average age of 37.4 years old ranged from 19 to 54 years old; 14 cases on the left side and 18 cases on the right side; the time from injury to operation ranged from 5 h to 9 d with an average of 3.5 d. According to Schatzker classification, 8 cases were type IV, 16 cases were type V and 8 cases were type VI; according to Oestern closed fracture classification, 5 cases were type I , 19 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III and 1 case was type IV. Postoperative complications were observed and Lysholm scoring were used to evaluate functional assessment.

RESULTSThirty-two patients were followed up from 10 to 23 months with an average of 14 months. According to Lysholm scoring, totall score was 88.91 ± 8.41, 20 cases got excellent results, 9 moderate and 3 poor. One patient occurred postoperative wound infection and exposure of tibia,while healed after dressing changing and skin flap transplantation. All patients were removed internal fixation ranged from 12 to 18 months without fracture non-union.

CONCLUSIONBilateral bone plate with autogenous iliac bone graft for the treatment of Schatzker IV-VI complex tibial plateau fractures has advantages of clear exposure, stable fixation, less trauma to the intraoperative blood supply and good fracture healing.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous

Objective] To analyze Song Xinwei’s academic ideas and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis. [Method] By following professor Song Xinwei’s clinic and recording related medical cases. It analyzes and summarizes his academic ideas and clinical experience on treating ankylosing spondylitis from etiology, pathogenesis, therapy and prescription, tested with medical cases. [Result] Professor Song Xinwei believes that the important pathogenesis of the disease is caused by underlying pathogenic factors and phlegm obstruction and blood stasis.Therefore, don’t forget to expel pathogenic factors during treatment. Consisting invigorating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and activating collaterals from the beginning to the end. Also, tonifying can disperse excess. Mostly, treatment rules are based on these therories. Professor Song Xinwei is good at using different principles and complex formula which makes significant effect in the clinic. [Conclusion] Professor Song Xinwei’s idea and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis provide a new treatment idea which makes significant clinical effect and is worthy promotion.

Objective To study the method of operation and effect of the application of resonant liposuction in the body figure reconstruction. Methods Resonant liposuction was employed in 136 cases, including local fat deposit in some part of the body. Operation's safety, mircotrauma, speediness, and effect after operation were observed. Results The follow-up for 6 to 24 months showed that the reconstructed body figure was very satisfactory. Conclusion Resonant liposuction is an ideal method to reconstruct the body figure owing to its safety, miniinvasion, easy performance and efficacy.