According to the national residency training regulations in the teaching of clinical and scientific research, the department of thoracic surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University has used seminar teaching , and has collected random sampling survey questionnaire of 110 students participating in seminar from September 2014 to March 2016. The investigation shows that through seminar teaching training, doctors will cultivate their clinical and research ability, and enhance their self-confidence. Therefore, the application of seminar teaching in department of thoracic surgery is helpful to improving the quality of clinical teaching and is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.

Type-B RAF (BRAF) gene is one of the most popular genes of thyroid carcinoma in recent studies,and its mutation has significant relationships with the occurrence,development,treatment,and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).The influence of BRAFV600E mutation on the expression of iodine uptake relative proteins in PTC cells and the value of molecular targeted therapy with BRAFV600Einhibitors in the clinical treatment of PTC in the future were summarized in this review.

Abnormal eye blinking in children is a disease of frequent eye blinking in children, more than 15 times per minute, without facial spasms and neurological diseases, with relatively independent clinical symptoms. If combining with organic or neurological disease, we consider it as children eye blinking syndrome. It's a common and frequently encountered disease in pediatric ophthalmology. The etiologies include body and psychological disorders, such as refractive errors, ocular surface and ocular adnexal disease, bad habits, lead pollution, tic disorders and so on. We think that most of abnormal eye blinking in children firstly caused by oculopathy, neurological disorders and psychological illness are the important factors for increasing or making it repeatedly happen. Recognizing and identifying the etiologies of abnormal eye blinking in children, so as to take a targeted theray and avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.
Drug Discovery ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods

Objective To treat arteriosclerosis patients with a simple self-made oxygenation respirator in a re-respiration model. Methods 43 AS patients was enrolled in treatment group(Oxygenation Respirator only) and control group (drug therapy only). Results the efficacy was 92%, better than control group, the efficacy of which was 72%, and P

China ; Industry ; standards ; Occupational Health Services ; standards ; Reference Standards

BACKGROUND: In recent years, foreign scholars have found that apolipoprotein E gene was associated with osteoporosis and its complicated hip fracture. National scholars adopted polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to primarily study the correlation of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the polymorphism of apolipoprotein E gene, and analyze its correlation with primary osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang First Hospital.DESIGN: A clinical controlled observation.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty patients with primary osteoporosis (31 males and 29 females), were enrolled, including 30 cases of hip fracture, who were newly fractured and diagnosed according to radiogram, and 30 cases of simple osteoporosis; Thirty healthy subjects (16 males and 14 females)were also involved.METHODS: Sixty outpatients and inpatients with primary osteoporosis were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang First Hospital from January to December 2002, and they were divided into hip fracture group (n=30) and simple osteoporosis (n=30); Another 30 healthy physical examinees were taken as the healthy control group. All the subjects were fasted for more than 12 hours, and the samples of venous blood were collected on the next morning. DNA was extracted from the separated leucocytes. Gene site DNA amplification was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). The individual DNA templates (provided by Daan Gene Diagnosis Center of Sun Yat-sen University) of identified apolipoprotein E2/2, E3/3 and E4/4 homozygotes were analyzed with PCR-SSCP, and the band showed that E3 was in the front, E2 in the middle, followed by E4. They were in electrophoresis with DNA templates of the samples at the same time, and the apolipoprotein E genotype of the template could be identified by the migration rate of the band.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Apolipoprotein E genotypes were observed.RESULTS: All the enrolled subjects were involved in the analysis of results. ① Six genotypes were detected with PCR-SSCP in the 60 patients with primary osteoporosis and 30 healthy controls, including apolipoprotein E2/2, E3/2, 3/3, E4/2, 4/3, 4/4. ② There were very significant differences in the allele frequency of apolipoprotein E4 among the three groups (χ2=17.520, P ＜ 0.01). The allele frequencies of apolipoprotein E4 in the simple osteoporosis group and osteoporotic fracture group were obviously higher that that in the normal control group (χ2=4.904, 16.681, P ＜ 0.01),it was also markedly higher in the osteoporotic fracture group than in the simple osteoporosis group (χ2=4.658, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Apolipoprotein E4 is closely associated with primary osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Apolipoprotein E is a useful marker for primary osteoporosis, especially for osteoporotic fracture.

Background As the main cellular constituent of corneal epithelium,corneal epithelial cells play critical roles in regulating and controlling the migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells during the repair of damage.MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs, which participates in a variety of biological processes.Previous studies demonstrated that miR-204 is highly expressed in normal corneal epithelium,but its function is still unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-204 in corneal epithelial cell proliferation.Methods Corneal epithelial tissue was collected during the corneal refractive surgery from the patients with refractive error under the informed consent, and human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs) were cultured and passaged.The relative expressing levels of miR-204 mRNA in the normal corneal epithelium and HCECs were detected by real time quantitative PCR.Cultured HCECs were evenly divided into three groups.The liposome with miR-204 mimic was transfected into the cells of the miR-204 mimic group, and blank liposome was transfected in the cells of the positive control group,and regularly cultured cells served as the normal control group.Cell proliferation capability was evaluated by colony-forming assay, and the percentage of the cells in different cell cycles was analyzed by flow cytometry.Western blot assay was employed to detect the expression levels of p-RB, E2F1 ,p27,CyclinA, CDC2, p-CDC2 and CDK2 proteins in the cells.Results The relative expression levels of miR-204 mRNA were 1.077 ±0.268 in the normal corneal epithelium and 0.041 ±0.018 in the HCECs, showing a significant difference between them (t =7.700,P＜0.001).The cloning cell number was evidently decreased in the miR-204 mimic group in comparison with the positive control group and normal control group.The percentage of cells in the G1 phase was 47.75％ in the miR-204 mimic group, which was significantly higher than 37.23％ in the positive control group and 40.72％ in the normal control group.The expression levels of E2F1 and p27 proteins in the cells were elevated (t=14.87,25.11;both at P＜0.01) and those of CDK2 and p-CDC2 proteins were decreased (t=5.39,10.65;both at P＜0.01) in the miR-204 mimic group in comparison with the positive control group.Conclusions The overexpression of miR-204 in the normal corneas probably is associated with non-proliferation status of corneal epithelial cells.Transfection of miR-204 into corneal epithelial cells can inhibit the proliferation of corneal epithelial cells probably by up-regulating the expression of E2F1 and p27 and suppressing the expression of CDK2/CyclinA and p-CDC2/CyclinA,which lead to cell arrest in G1 phase.

MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in regulating diverse cellular processes.It has been reported that miRs are associated with the formation and maturation of erythrocytes, and the expression of globin genes at post-transcriptional level.Compared with normal human enrythrocytes, various miRs are altered in the patients with thalassemia.These changes also happen in the patients with diverse clinical manifestations.In this paper, we systematically summarized the recent progress about the expression dysregulation of miRs in β-thalassemia and their roles in regulating the levels of γ-globin and fetal hemoglobin.During β-like globin gene expression, miRs directly or indirectly regulate the levels of erythroid-specific transcription factors through post-transcriptional action, such as B-cell lymphoma 11A (BCL11A), myeloblastosis oncogene (MYB), specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Kruppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) and GATA1.These effects subsequently regulate the switch between γ-and β-globin gene expression and affect fetal hemoglobin production.Targeting miRs might be a novel therapeutic strategy for β-thalassmeia.