CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genome ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region and the death signaling transduction pathway initiated by CD95(Fas) molecules during cerebral vasospasm(CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). Methods SAH model was developed by injecting arterial blood twice the citernamagna.The morphological changes of the neurons were studied by light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope.RT-PCR was performed for detecting the expression changes of Fas,FasLmRNA. Results Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region after SAH showed typical apoptotic features under light microscope and confocal microscope.The expressions of Fas,FasLmRNA in hippocampus increased in SAH group,reached the highest level 3 days after SAH and still were significantly higher 7 days after SAH compared with normal group and then decreased to normal 14 days after SAH.Conclusion The death signaling transduction pathway initiated by CD95 molecules may play important roles in hippocampus neuronal apoptosis following SAH.

Currently,with the increasingly expanded enrollment of postgraduates and the development of postgraduate education,it is imperative to strengthen ideological and political education. This review analyzes the present status and the existing problems of the postgraduates ideological and political education. Besides,the author proposes concrete countermeasures from the following perspectives:reformation of the ideological and political education system,construction of education group,strengthening the role of the tutor and emphasizing non-intelligence factors and practical teaching notion.

Objective To analyze and compare the effect,safety and prognosis of early and late digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty after skull bone flap defect.Methods One hundred and twelve patients with craniocerebral trauma or cerebral hemorrhage treated by decompressive craniectomy from Jan.2012 to Dec.2013 were included.Seventy-six cases were treated by digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty after average 38.9 (32～ 52) d after decompressive craniectomy (early repair group),and thirty-six cases were given operation after 114.2 (90～153) d (advanced repair group).The operation time,skin flap free time,operation blood loss,complications,postoperative patients' activities of daily living (ADL) score,Fugl-Meyery score,neurological deficit score and the recovery of cognitive function of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results Operation time of early repair group and late repair group were (92.33±13.71) min and (141.67±18.12) min,flap free time were (13.29± 3.43) min and (38.56±7.35) min,and operation bleeding volume were (352.36 ± 21.83) ml and (523.53±32.51) ml (P＜0.01).The subdural effusion rate and the dural rupture rate during skin flap free of early repair group was significantly less than that of late repair group (P＜0.01).ADL and Fugl-Meyery scores in early repair group were increased obviously compared with advanced repair group with significant difference (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while the neurological deficit score decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The Montreal cognitive assessment suggested that cognitive function in early repair group was better than that of the late repair group with significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions Early digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty after skull bone flap defect is better than late treatment with easy soft tissue separation,reduced bleeding and improved prognosis.Digital titanium mesh shaping can ensure precise fit with skull defect,significantly shorten the operation time,and reduce the operation risk.Early digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty may have promising clinical application.

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, which has a close relationship with infectious diseases and spontaneous inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease.Gasdermin-D is the effector of pyroptosis.Inflammatory caspases cleave Gasdermin-D, break the structural autoinhibition and active the pore-forming activity of Gasdermin-D.Gasdermin-D-N domain is the active form of Gasdermin-D.Oligomerized Gasdermin-D-N domain forms membrane pores.Both pyroptosis and necroptosis can form pores.In this article, the progress of the research on pyroptosis, the involvement of Gasdermin-D in the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis, the distinguishment of pyroptosis from necroptosis and pyroptosis-related diseases are reviewed.

The investigation was conducted among eight untrained male and six well-trained male cyclists with the purpose of finding out the relationship between muscle fiber composition and lactate threshold. Muscle biopsy samples were taken of vastus lateralis to determine the composition of fiber type (Ⅰ, Ⅱ). Maximal oxygen uptake was measured in a progressive cycle ergometer test, while blood lactate threshold was determined on the basis of a systematic increase in BLa above baseline warm-up values. Analyses show that the percentage of type Ⅰ is closely correlated with lactate threshold in both groups of subjects and that muscle fiber composition plays (?) important role in determining lactate threshold. Therefore, an assessment of muscle fiber composition is useful for spotting athletes with high potential for endurance performance.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder resulting from the production of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors leading to the destruction of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction.Myasthenic crisis is defined as any myasthenia gravis exacerbation necessitating mechanical ventila-tion or post-operation extubation delayed beyond 24 hours because of respiratory weakness.Most patients presenting with myasthenic crisis have an identifiable risk factor.The diagnosis of myasthenic crisis should be suspected in all patients with respiratory failure,particularly those with unclear etiology.Acute management of myasthenic crisis includes ventilatory therapy,removal of the offending trigger and immunomodulatory treat-ments.The latter includes plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin,and high dose corticosteroids therapy.

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is defined as functional and structural disorder or signs of renal damage including any defect from blood and urine test,or tissue imaging that is less than 3 months.The current treatment for AKI includes therapeutic agents and renal replacement therapy (RRT).The goal of RRT is to remove endogenous and exogenous toxins,inflammatory mediator,pathogenic factor,and to maintain fluid,electrolyte,and acid-base balance until renal function returns.The principal methods of RRT include intermittent hemodialysis,continuous renal replacement therapy,peritoneal dialysis,plasmaphresis exchange and hemoperfusion.In this article,we discussed the timing,choice of therapeutic mode,indication and common technical issues of RRT in pediatric AKI.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of flupentixol and melitracen tablets for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods Relevant concerned with the therapeutic effect of Flupentixol and melitracen tablets and routine medicine were reviewed by China national knowledge infrastructure.All reviewed literatures were accessed by Jadad quality scale.Statistic data was analysed by RevMan5.0 and Stata.Results Twelve articles of randomized controlled trial were collected.Among these study,there were 1384 patients,which divided into treatment group (n =704) and control group (n =680).The results of heterogeneity showed that x2 =25.48,P =0.008,I2 =57％.Therefore the random effects model was selected.The combined relative risk is 1.39 and the 95％ CI was 1.27-1.53.Conclusion Compared with traditional treatment,flupentixol and melitracen tablets can obviously improve the therapeutic effect of IBS.

Objective: To study whether there is expression of the alternative splice variants of TCF19, a cell growth regulatory gene, in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and their relationship with the development of ccRCC. Methods: Alternative Splicing Database was used to predict the possible alternative splice variants of TCF19. Specific primers for amplifying the 5 predicted variants of TCF19 were designed and used to examine the corresponding variants in 32 ccRCC tissues and normal tissues adjacent to the tumors by RT-PCR technique. The amplicons were then cloned and sequenced. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression differences of the variants between the primary renal cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues. Results: Two new isoforms of TCF19 (TCF19-1 and TCF19-3) were identified in the ccRCC and the adjacent tissues. RT-PCR results showed that TCF19-1 expression was significantly higher in the primary ccRCC tissues than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). And the expression of TCF19-3 in the primary tumor was only slightly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P = 0.082). Conclusion: This study for the first time identifies the existence of two alternative splice isoforms of TCF-19, TCF19-1 and TCF19-3, in human ccRCC tissues, and the expression of TCF19-1 might be related to the development of ccRCC.