Defibrillator is the most important therapeutic for ventricular fibrillation.The preconditions for successful defibrillation include short defibrillated time,adoption of biphasic wave,appropriate electrode placement and shocked energy,as well as reasonable chest wall impedance.The defibrillation opportunity is the critical one of all factors for defibrillation.

To appraise the preventive and improvable effects of different movements on OA joints,animal models by fixing the left posterior knee joint in extention using plaster cast for 8 weeks in Newzealand rabbits were carried out. The rabbits were randomly divided into different groups, and the X-RAY、range of motion and ligament biomechanical features of the joint were observed.The results showed that proper movement improved the range of motion, restored tensile strength of the ligament around the OA joint.It is evident that movement improves the function of the OA joint and delays the OA exacerbation.The combination of active and passive movement is the best way to achieve good result.

Bone marrow stromal stem cells have been used in cartilage tissue engineering for nearly 20 years. This has been a key focus in stem cell research. This article serves to review application, progress and facing problems of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cartilage tissue engineering by retrieving publications. With the development of molecular biology, biomaterial, computer and nano-biotechnology, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with BMSCs as seed cells combined with biomaterial stent has a widely application perspective in repairing articular cartilage defect.

BACKGROUND: To understand mechanism, biological property and morphological component of nanometer bone material and discuss present status and applied prospect.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about mechanism, biological property and morphological component of nanometer bone material in English from January 1966 to February 2006, and the key works were novel bioactive materials and bone tissue engineering; meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles were retrieved in Chinese in Tsinghua database from January 2001 toOctober 2004, and the key words were nanometer bone and clinical application.STUDY SELECTION: Articles in disposal group and control group were retrieved firstly. Those obviously non-random and repetitive researches were excluded. Full text of the rest articles was looked up finally.DATA EXTRACTION: Tlere were 124 articles about mechanism, biological property and morphological component of nanometer bone material. Among them, 27 experiments or clinical researches were included.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nanometer bone has favorable conductibility and induction of bone; meanwhile, it is characterized by human-like grading structure and multi-well structure of rangu, favorable biocompatibility and stable biodegradation.Nanometer bone material also can be used in confluence of vertebral body, the buccal surgery fields, the gene therapy of uncompleted osteogenesis, rheumatic arthritis (RA) and malignant tumor. Nanometer bone material is tendency to perfection through improvement of technology.CONCLUSION: Nanometer bone material with many particular properties overcomes many difficulties and achieves a satisfactory effect at clinical pilot phase.

Islet transplantation is an effective method treating insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which is apt to supersede pancreas transplantation currently. Although human islet transplantation has already performed successfully, its long-term effect is still unsatisfying. Reasons causing loss of islet function is still not fully understood to date. Thus, deep research of factors influencing transplanted islet survival is of importance to improve long-term effect of islet transplantation. Patient selection and tissue matching, collection, preservation and transport of pancreatic organ, isolation and purification of islet cells, implement of islet transplantation, blood glucose control and immunosuppressive drug application during islet transplantation period, functional assessment after islet transplantation, etc. completion quality of each of these technical links is the factor influencing islet transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistance and nosocomial infections status of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and provide scientific evidence for diseasis diagnose and reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective review was performed to analyze the clinical distribution of 321 isolates of SAU. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and drug-resistance results were analyzed. RESULTS SAU was found been resistant to the diverse antibiotics in different degree. However, the drug sensitivity rate to glycopeptide antibiotics was 100.0%, as well as to new type antibiotic of linezolid. The isolating rate of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) reached 57.6%. CONCLUSIONS S. aureus shows multidrug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. We should strengthen monitoring and controlling of it.

Objective To explore the diagnosis reliability of the 64-slice spiral CT to the patency of coronary arterial stents after PCI .Methods From September 2009 to December 2012 ,84 patients with 132 coronary artery stents accepted 64-slice spiral CT coronary artetry imaging and coronary angiography .The patency of the stents and the vascular were assessed compared with coro-nary angiography images ,and the diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy were analyzed and compared .Results By calculat-ed the number of patients ,the stent occlusion sensitivity and accuracy of 64-slice spiral CT coronary artetry imaging were both 100% .The stent occlusion and stenosis (>50% ) sensitivity ,false negative and positive predictive value were 96 .7% ,3 .4% and 100% .64-slice spiral CT reconstruction imaging of the stent occlusion and stenosis (>50% ) compared with coronary angiography had no statistical difference(χ2 =0 .022 ,P=0 .883) .Conclusion Compared with coronary angiography ,64-slice spiral CT coronary artetry imaging has the higher accuracy and reliability .

The division of specialists and general practitioners is the important of the establishment of a GP system. According to the theory of labor division, the study analyzes the evolution mechanism on the division of spe-cialists and general practitioners and discusses the main factors influencing the division in China. It is found that transaction costs of general practices are not much lower than that of specialist medical care, which encourages outpa-tients to visit specialists in hospitals. Additionally, transaction costs of referral are much higher than profits. There-fore, while there is no division of specialists and general practitioners, it has been difficult to address competition between them and the quality and the efficiency of general practice care in community health centers. Moreover, the income gap does not attract medical students to work in general practices, which has worsened the quality and effi-ciency of general practices. Finally, the transaction costs of general practices have continually increased. This vicious cycle has hindered the division of specialists and general practitioners in China.

The biological threat is an important component of national security threats .Developed countries attach great importance to biodefense capability building .This paper analyzed the particularity of biological threats , explained the necessi-ty of biosecurity strategic research and development in China , and proposed establishing an integrated biodefense system .

Thirty cases of obesity were treated by acupuncture plus auricular point-embedding method based upon pattern identification, and another 30 cases were treated by single auricular point-embedding method for control study. After the treatments for 30 days, the effective rate was respectively 90.0% and 66.7%, with the statistic significance (P＜0. 05) between the therapeutic effects of the two groups.