The glucose transporter(GLUT) is an energy-related carrier protein located on the cell membrane.Most researches have shown that changes of energy metabolism play an important role in the development of heart failure.This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between GLUT and heart failure.

Objective : To investigate the dynamic changes of the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA in rats myocardium with transient ischemia and reperfusion, and the relationship between the dynamic changes and the time during reperfusion. Methods : In rats, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 4 hours, 1, 3 or 7 days as ischemia reperfusion model. The relative content of GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis imaging. Results: During myocardial post-ischemia and reperfusion, the levels of GLUT1 mRNA got up to the peak at 4th hour[ (0.666?0. 003 ) vs (0. 509?0.002) controls , P 0.05). Conclusion; Transient ischemia and reperfusion induce the expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 genes in rat myocardi- um, which contribute to promote glucose utilization during ischemia, protect ischemic myocardium and improve functional recovery on reperfusion.

0.05).According to the HSS system,the mean score was 92.1(ranged from 76-97) one year after operation.No complication occurred,such as deep infection,necrosis of skin incision or loosening and breakage of internal fixators.[Conclusion]This modified posteromedial and posterolateral approaches could reduce the complications in incision successfully for the direct reduction and buttress fixation of articular fragments,as well as and soft tissue.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of endoscopic treatment for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsThe clinical data of 78 cases in our hospital with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding were retrospectively analyze.All patients were checked by gastroscopy accompanied by endoscopic treatment.Another 50 cases received ogilvy pull thiazole treatment were analyzed.ResultsAfter endoscopic therapy,all patients were successfully achieved hemostasis,success rate 100.0％.Of which 27 cases were treated by spraying drugs in conducting hemostasis,25 cases succeeded at the first time,the other two turned to injection after the failure;21 cases were treated by injection to stanch bleeding succeeded for the first time;30 cases were treated with titanium clips made it at the first course.None of the patients transferred to surgical treatment,no complications such as perforation and no death.Curative effect of Imidazole group compared with ogilvy pull is different with,a statistical significance( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionEndoscopic treatment for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding could be affirmed,and relatively safe,little trauma,and it could be used as the first method in treating non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To examine the changes in respiratory mechanics and efficacy of mechanical ventilation during perioperative period in patients undergoing valve replacement and determine the possible causes Methods Twenty ASA Ⅱ Ⅵ patients (8 male, 12 female), aged 24 65 years , undergoing valve replacement were studied The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1g, pethidine 50mg and scopolamine 0 3mg Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl and vecuronium and maintained with inhalation of low concentration of desflurane and intermittent intravenous boluses of fentanyl, midazolam and vecuronium Valve replacement was performed with moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), The patients were mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen Tidal volume was maintained at 8 10ml/kg, frequency 12 15 bpm and I∶E ratio 1∶1 5 2 During CPB airway pressure was maintained below 5 cmH 2O After operation the patients were transferred to ICU and mechanically ventilated using Siemens 900C ECG, SpO 2, BP, CVP, left auricle pressure and urine output were routinely monitored Respiratory mechanics was measured with Novametrix 8100 multifunction respiratory monitor Mean airway pressure, peak airway pressure, airway resistance, chest lung compliance and respiratory work were measured 20 min after induction of anesthesia, 10 min before CPB, 10 min after termination of CPB, at the end of operation and 2, 6 and 18h after operation Results Work of breathing and airway resistance increased gradually after induction and reached the maximum at 6h after operation Dynamic compliance decreased significantly before CPB but increased slightly after CPB, then decreased again and to the minimum at 6h after operation Mean airway pressure and peak inspiratory pressure went up significantly after operation All parameters mentioned above returned to the preoperative levels before the patients were weaned from respiratory support in ICU Couclusions Thoracotomy and CPB are the main causes of changes in respiratory mechanics in patients undergoing valve replacement The effects reached the peak at 6 h after operation Therefore mechanical respiratory support is essential for the patients until respiratory function recovers and should be maintained for more than 6h after operation

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0.05). In the HBsAg stimulus group,the proliferation activity of CD4+ CD25- T cells from HBV transgenic mice was significantly lower than that in normal mice (P0.05). In all the 2 groups,the proliferation activity of CD4+ CD25- T cells alone from HBV transgenic mice or normal mice was significantly higher than that mixed culturing (P

Objective To observe the protective effect of magnesium gluconate on myocardial apoptosis by ischemia reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts, and study the possible mechanism. Methods The hearts of 48 Sprague-Dawely rats were isolated, linked to Lange-ndorff perfusion apparatus, and randomly divided into 3 equal groups(n = 16 each) : Control group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and magnesium gheonate group. 8 rats in each group were perfused. Control group was pedused with modified KH buffer for 110min. I/B group was perfuesd with modified KH buffer for 20 min, then exposed to iscbemia for 30 min, and then reperfused with modified KH buffer for 60 min. Magnesium gheonate group was perfumed with modified KH buffer with magnesium gluconate for 20 min, then exposed to isohemia for 30 min and then reperfused with modified KH buffer with magnesium glueonate for 60 min. Lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ereatine kinase (CK) in the effluent liquid from the heart were measured after reperfusion. The concentration of Ca2+ and NO in the left ventricle were determined. The other 8 rats in each group were reperfused for 120 minutes as the method described before. After repeffusion, the myoeyte apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V-FITC/PI. After the two experiments the incidence of ventrieular arrhytlunias during reperfusion was assessed. Results Compared with I/R, magnesium glueonate decreased the incidence of ventricular an'hythmias(P <0. 01). The contents of CK and LDH in the effluent liquid from the heart in magnesium glueonate group was lower than that of I/R group (P <0. 01). The contents of Ca2+ and NO in the left ventricle in magnesium gluconate group was decreased than that of I/R group (P <0. 01). The index of myocyte apoptosis were significanfly lower in magnesium glueonate group than that of I/R group (apoptosis index :27.79±1.59 vs 33.61±2.10, P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Magnesium glueonate has protective effect on myocardial isohemia reperfusion injury in rats. The protective effect may be related to decreasing myocyte apoptosis by increasing the content of NO and relieving calcium overload.

ObjectiveTo clarify why accelarated atheroslcerosis is complicated in chronic kidney disease patients, and to investigate whether endoplasmic reticuhm (ER) stress can be observed in acetylated low density lipepmtein (ACLDL)-induced apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages differentiated by 160 nmol/L PMA for five days. Methods Hoechst 33258 stain and caspase 3,7 assay were used to detect apeptosis. Oil red O was used to examine the lipid droplet. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure intracelhlar free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE). Western blot was applied to demonstrate the protein level of acylcoenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT)1, growth arrest and DNA damage(CHOP) and Bcl-2. Real-time PCR was used to detect the changes of mRNAs. Results ACLDL could induce THP-1 macrophages apoptosis in time-and dose-dependent manner. After exposure to 100 mg/L ACLDL for 24 hours, the level of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester mass had a significant increment by 1.5-and 2.4-fold respectively (P＜0.01). CHOP increased and Bcl-2 decreased both in protein and mRNA levels. ACLDL loading also resulted in an increase of ACAT1 protein without any change in mRNA level. ConclusionIn THP-1 macrophages foam cell, apoptosis can be induced by ACLDL accompanied by ER stress pathway activation.

Objective To observe the impact of IL-1β on the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in human mesangial cell line (HMCL), and its association with cholesterol homeostasis of HMCL. Methods Levels of LOX-1 and ABCA1 of HMCL induced by IL-1β were examined by using real-time PCR and Western blot. Results IL-1β up-regulated LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression. Treated with 5 μg/L IL-1β, the levels of LOX-1 mRNA and protein reached the peak after 6 h and 24 h of stimulation and were 6.87 folds and 1.88 folds of control rspectively. The expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein of lipid-loaded HMCL was down-regulated by IL-1β Stimulated with 5 μg/L IL-1β the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein decreased to the lowest level, 19.0% and 50.62% of the baseline respectively. Conclusions The expression of LOX-1 can be up-regulated while the expression of ABCA1 can be decreased by the stimulation of IL-1β. IL-1β can enhance dyslipidemia and influence the balance of cholesterol homeostasis of HMCL.