Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) is a rare clinical entity presenting as acute or chronic upper gastrointestinal obstruction. It occurs due to compression of third part of duodenum between abdominal aorta and overlying superior mesenteric artery caused by a decrease in angle between the two vessels. Rapid loss of retroperitoneal fat, in conditions leading to severe weight loss is the main factor responsible for this disorder. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in association with abdominal tuberculosis has not been reported earlier to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, an unknown cause (SMAS) of upper gastrointestinal obstruction in a patient of abdominal tuberculosis is being presented for the first time through this case report. An imaging diagnosis of SMAS was made on contrast enhanced CT abdomen which also confirmed the clinical suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis in the patient. The patient was managed conservatively and recovered without requiring any surgical intervention for the obstructive symptoms.

In the foot, the lumbricals flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints. The lumbricals are known to be affected in neuropathies. It is not known whether they may degenerate in normal individuals. Here, we report our findings of isolated degenerated lumbricals in seemingly normal feet of two cadavers. We explored lumbricals in 20 male and 8 female cadavers that were 60–80 years of age at the time of death. As part of routine dissection, we exposed the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the lumbricals. From the degenerated lumbricals, we took some tissue for paraffin-embedding, sectioning, and staining by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome technique. Of the 224 lumbricals studied, we found four apparently degenerated lumbricals in two male cadavers. In the first, the 2nd and 4th lumbricals in the left foot and the 2nd in the right foot were degenerated. In the second, the right 4th lumbrical was degenerated. Microscopically, the degenerated tissue was made of bundles of collagen. The lumbricals may have degenerated due to compression of their nerve supply. We cannot comment on whether the functionality of the feet were affected by these isolated degeneration of the lumbricals.

STUDY DESIGN: Single-surgeon, single-center prospective study with prospective data collection. PURPOSE: To clinically evaluate muscle damage after open lumbar surgery and its relationship to functional activity and to validatethe improvement in function as indicated by improved Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score despite muscle damage. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Few studies have analyzed the functional loss and recovery pattern of muscles after open lumbar surgery. METHODS: The study included 30 patients who underwent open lumbar spine fusion surgery at our institution between August 2013 and May 2015. Preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively, the patients were subjected to functional, biochemical, electrophysiological, and radiological assessments as outpatients, and the results were compared. RESULTS: Mean preoperative and 6-month postoperative values were as follows: creatine phosphokinase levels, 133.07±17.57 and 139±17.7 U/L (p<0.001); Visual Analog Scale scores for backache, 6.73±0.88 and 3.27±0.96 (p<0.001); and ODI scores, 41.6±5.51 and 22.4±4.48 (p<0.001), respectively. Preoperatively, electrophysiological studies showed that 20% of the patients had a polyphasic configuration whereas at 6 months postoperatively, all patients had polyphasic configuration (p<0.001). The mean cross-sectional area of the multifidus observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) decreased from 742.67±76.62 mm2 preoperatively to 598.27±66.38 mm2 6 months postoperatively (p<0.001), with all the patients exhibiting grade 2 atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Open lumbar fusion surgery resulted in significant damage to the lumbar paraspinal muscles, as indicated by a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the multifidus by MRI and denervation of the multifidus demonstrated using electromyography. Nevertheless, the patients reported reduced back pain and improved quality of life, which may have been due to increased stability of the previously unstable lumbar spinal segment after the surgery.
Atrophy ; Back Pain ; Creatine Kinase ; Data Collection ; Denervation ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Outpatients ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Spine ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: Diabetes and periodontal disease are two common diseases with high prevalence rates. Recent evidence has shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: Sixty subjects aged 35-45 years with blood sugar controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents were randomly divided equally among 3 groups: group A (scaling, mouthwash, and brushing), group B (mouthwash and brushing), and group C (brushing only). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and the relevant drug history were recorded at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Comparison of the mean difference among the variables was performed by parametric and nonparametric tests, which were further evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean differences between the PPD, FBS, HbA1c, GI, and PI in groups A and B were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis in group A showed that out of all the independent variables, GI and frequency of drug administration independently (b=0.3761 and b=0.598) showed a significantly greater impact on HbA1c (R2=0.832, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy can effectively decrease HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on medication.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Periodontal Debridement ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Prevalence ; Tuberculin

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabiliser of the knee and is commonly torn in sports injuries. Common indications for imaging after ACL reconstruction include persistent symptoms, limitation of motion and re-injury. Important postoperative complications include graft failure, impingement, arthrofibrosis and graft degeneration. This article aimed to familiarise the radiologist with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of properly positioned intact ACL grafts and to provide a comprehensive review of MR imaging features of complications following ACL reconstruction.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Transplants ; diagnostic imaging ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: There is sparse literature on treatment outcomes research on resectable oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of this study was to measure the treatment outcomes, explore the failure patterns, and identify the potential clinicopathological prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes for resectable OTSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective analysis of 202 patients with resectable OTSCC who underwent upfront primary surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy if indicated. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 35.2 months (range, 1.2 to 99.9 months). The median duration of locoregional control (LRC) was 84.9 months (95% confidence interval, 67.3–102.4). The 3- and 5-year LRC rate was 68.5% and 58.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing pT stage, increasing pN stage, and the presence of extracapsular extension (ECE) were significantly associated with poorer LRC. The median duration of overall survival (OS) was not reached at the time of analysis. The 3- and 5-year OS rate was 70.5% and 66.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing pT stage and the presence of ECE were significantly associated with a poorer OS. CONCLUSION: Locoregional failure remains the main cause of treatment failure in resectable OTSCC. There is scope to further improve prognosis considering modest LRC and OS. Pathological T-stage, N-stage, and ECE are strong prognostic factors. Further research is required to confirm whether adjuvant therapy adds to treatment outcomes in cases with lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion, and help clinicians tailoring adjuvant therapy.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Epithelial Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Multivariate Analysis ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Tongue ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome

Breast tissue expanders (TEs) with magnetic infusion ports are labeled “MR Unsafe.” Therefore, patients with these implants are typically prevented from undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report a patient with a total submuscular breast TE who inadvertently underwent an MRI exam. She subsequently developed expander exposure, requiring explantation and autologous reconstruction. The safety profile of TEs with magnetic ports and the use of MRI in patients with these implants is surprisingly controversial. Therefore, we present our case report, a systematic literature review, and propose procedural guidelines to help ensure the safety of patients with TEs with magnetic ports that need to undergo MRI exams.
Breast ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammaplasty ; Tissue Expansion Devices

OBJECTIVEThe treatment of frontobasilar fractures is a demanding aspect of craniofacial fracture management. A sequel of inadequate or improper fracture management presents cosmetic and functional problems which are very difficult to correct. The aim of this manuscript was to examine a group of growing patients treated for frontobasilar fractures and provide clinicians a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of these challenging fractures.

METHODSIn this investigation, 12 patients under the age of 16 years treated for severe injuries to the frontobasilar region were included. Their records were reviewed to evaluate the clinical diagnosis, preoperative findings, hospital course, postoperative results, and long-term follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans were performed in all children treated. Postoperative complications were reviewed in detail. Surgical procedures were evaluated for type and location of fixation. All complications and treatments were recorded.

RESULTSThree of the patients presented with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and required pericranial flaps. Only 3 patients underwent removal of plates and screws due to palpability in 1 patient, loose hardware in 1 patient, and limited disturbance on growth in the rest patient. Seven patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with resorbable plates, 4 patients with titanium plates, and 1 patient with a combination. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years. No patients with a preoperative CSF leak developed any recurrence of the leak.

CONCLUSIONAccording to basic craniofacial principles, reducing and stabilizing the fractures should reconstruct the anterior cranial base. However, the treatment of paediatric maxillofacial trauma requires the evaluation of several factors. The facial skeleton of a child is constantly evolving and its growth depends on the balance of basal bone and soft tissues.

Adolescent ; Child ; Device Removal ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Frontal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Skull Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo synthesize some new alpha-mercapto-beta-substituted aryl acrylic acids, characterize them and investigate their in vitro cadmium chelating ability.

METHODSSix alpha-mercapto-beta-substituted aryl acrylic acids were prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of 5- (aryl methylene) rhodanines, obtained from the condensation of substituted aldehydes and rhodanine following the reported procedure. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The liver and kidney from cadmium chloride pre-administered rats were homogenized and their nuclear mitochondrial fraction (NMF) and supernatant cytosol fraction (SCF) were separated. A measured volume of each fraction was dialyzed separately using "dialysis sack" against buffered-KCl medium containing a compound in the final concentration of 1 x 10(-3) mol/L for 3 h at 37 degrees C. The whole content of "sack" was subjected to cadmium estimation following digestion with conc. Nitric acid was detected using flame atomic absorption spectrometer.

RESULTSThe in vitro screening showed that alpha-mercapto-beta-(p-methoxyphenyl) acrylic acid (compound 2) and alpha-mercapto-beta-(m-methoxy, p-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid (compound 4) were more effective than alpha-mercapto-beta-thienyl acrylic acid (compound 1) and alpha-mercapto-beta-(p-dimethylaminophenyl) acrylic acid (compound 3) in mobilizing cadmium as their dialyzable chelates. The presence of a methoxy group on the phenyl moiety (compounds 2 and 4) increases the metal chelating ability of mercapto acrylic acids.

CONCLUSIONSCompounds 2 and 4 seem to have accessibility to the cellular system and capability of chelating-out the intracellularly bound cadmium.

Acrylates ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Chelating Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Fear of local anesthesia (LA) is a significant impediment to dental care as many patients delay or avoid treatment to avert pain. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD), with constant and controlled rate of flow, present a painless alternative. The present study aimed to compare anxiety and pain perceived with conventional and computerized systems, for different stages of anesthesia delivery when administering various nerve blocks. METHODS: One hundred patients requiring bilateral LA participated in the study. One side was anesthetized using one system and the contralateral side was anesthetized using the other, in two separate appointments. Patients assigned anxiety scores on a 5-point scale and used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain determination at needle insertion, during delivery of anesthetic solution, immediately after injection, and at the end of the periodontal procedure. Each patient's preference for the delivery system of future injections was also recorded. RESULTS: Patients reported significantly lower anxiety levels with CCLAD compared to the syringe. Significantly lower mean VAS scores for anesthesia deposition, pain immediately after, and at the end of the periodontal procedure were also noted. However, pain at needle insertion was comparable between the two systems, with no statistical significance. Overall, 64.4% patients preferred CCLAD for future anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Lower pain perceived with CCLAD and higher preference for the system suggest that CCLAD should replace conventional syringes to allow pain-free dental treatment.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anxiety ; Appointments and Schedules ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve ; Needles ; Nerve Block ; Pain Perception ; Syringes