1.A brief history of interventional radiology in Singapore and its current status
Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal 2011;7(2):1-4
X-ray services were first established in Singapore in 1898. With the opening of the General Hospital in 1926, there was subsequent increase in workload. However, a radiology department was not formed until the 1950s. Angiography was introduced in the same decade initially for diagnosis. By the 1960s and 1970s, both vascular and non-vascular interventions were performed. Subsequently, interventional radiology experienced exponential growth, with newer technology and better facilities established over the past 3 decades. With more trained interventional radiologists, the service is currently available in all public hospitals and in most private hospitals in Singapore today. It is envisaged that structured training and formal credentialing will be established, eventually leading to recognition of interventional radiology as a specialty in its own right.
2.Phyllodes tumours of the breast: retrospective analysis of a University Hospital’s experience
Toh YF ; Cheah PL ; Looi LM ; Teoh KH ; Tan PH
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 2016;38(1):19-24
Taking cognizance of the purported variation of phyllodes tumours in Asians compared with Western
populations, this study looked at phyllodes tumours of the breast diagnosed at the Department of
Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre over an 8-year period with regards to patient
profiles, tumour parameters, treatment offered and outcome. Sixty-four new cases of phyllodes
tumour were diagnosed during the period, however only 30 (21 benign, 4 borderline and 5 malignant)
finally qualified for entry into the study. These were followed-up for 4-102 months (average = 41.7
months). Thirteen cases (8 benign, 3 borderline, 2 malignant) were Chinese, 9 (all benign) Malay,
7 (4 benign, 1 borderline, 2 malignant) Indian and 1 (malignant) Indonesian. Prevalence of benign
versus combined borderline and malignant phyllodes showed a marginally significant difference
(p=0.049) between the Malays and Chinese. Patients’ ages ranged from 21-70 years with a mean of
44.9 years with no significant difference in age between benign, borderline or malignant phyllodes
tumours. Except for benign phyllodes tumours (mean size = 5.8 cm) being significantly smaller
at presentation compared with borderline (mean size = 12.5 cm) and malignant (mean size = 15.8
cm) (p<0.05) tumours, history of previous pregnancy, breast feeding, hormonal contraception and
tumour laterality did not differ between the three categories. Family history of breast cancer was
noted in 2 cases of benign phyllodes. Local excision was performed in 17 benign, 2 borderline and
3 malignant tumours and mastectomy in 4 benign, 2 borderline and 2 malignant tumours. Surgical
clearance was not properly recorded in 10 benign phyllodes tumours. Six benign and all 4 borderline
and 5 malignant tumours had clearances of <10 mm. Two benign tumours recurred locally at 15
and 49 months after local excision, however information regarding surgical clearance was not
available in both cases. One patient with a malignant tumour developed a radiologically-diagnosed
lung nodule 26 months after mastectomy, was given a course of radiotherapy and remained well
8-months following identification of the lung nodule.
3.Systemic Absorption of Gentamicin Irrigation in Joint Replacement Surgery: A cause of concern
KH Lee ; ABY Ng ; TB Tan ; K Mossinac ; BC Se To
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2008;2(2):11-16
Gentamicin, whether administered either intravenously,
incorporated into bone cement or for local intra-operative
irrigation, is a commonly used antibiotic in orthopaedic
practice. The former two have been well studied, however
the literature on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of
gentamicin irrigation is sparse. The objective of this study was to assess systemic absorption of gentamicin irrigation in joint replacement surgery. This was a non-randomised, prospective study. Ninety-eight patients (group A) who underwent total joint replacement and 40 patients (group B) who underwent hemi-arthroplasty were treated intraoperatively with gentamicin irrigation. Serum gentamicin levels were assayed at 4 hours and 24 hours post-surgery.
Sixteen of 98 patients in group A (16%) and 12 out of 40
patients in group B (30%) were found to have serum
gentamicin level above 2mcg/ml at 4 hours post-surgery. We
conclude that intra-articular gentamicin irrigation is
systemically absorbed at substantial levels.
4.Augmentation of angiogenic and endothelial associated gene expression by EDM50 in human chorion-derived stem cells.
Manzor NF ; Chua KH ; Tan GC ; Tan AE ; Abdul Rahman H
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2008;63 Suppl A():11-12
The objective of this study was to investigate the angiogenic potential of human chorion-derived stem cells (CDSC) cultured in medium containing bFGF and VEGF (EDM50). Total RNA was extracted from cells cultured in FD+10% FBS and EDM50. Quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to score the differential mRNA expression of genes involve in angiogenesis and endothelial differentiation. Our finding demonstrated that all angiogenic and endothelial associated genes were expressed higher in EDM50. Expression level of ANG-1, eNOS and VEGFR2 were significantly higher in EDM50 compared to FD+10% FBS. Our results suggested that human CDSC cultured in EDM50 can be used for angiogenesis purpose in regenerative medicine.
5.Quantitative RT PCR approach to evaluate the neurogenic and gliagenic gene expression of cultured human amniotic epithelial cells.
Tan GC ; Simat SF ; Abdul Rahman H ; Tan AE ; Chua KH
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2008;63 Suppl A():51-52
The aim of the study is to determine the neuronal and glial gene expression of cultured human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) in serial passages. HAECs obtained from human term placentae were cultured in F12:DMEM (1:1) + 10% FBS +10ng/ml EGF in serial passages. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess the gene expression analysis. The results showed that the cultured HAECs expressed the neural stem cell genes (Nestin, NSE and Vimentin), mature neuronal genes (TH, MAP-2, beta-III-tubulin and NFM) and glial genes (CNPase, MBP and Olig). These neural stem cell genes increased with serial passages while the genes expression for mature neuronal and glial cells were downregulated. These results suggested that HAECs may promote or involve in neurogenesis and gliagenesis.
6.The stemness gene expression of cultured human amniotic epithelial cells in serial passages.
Simat SF ; Chua KH ; Abdul Rahman H ; Tan AE ; Tan GC
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2008;63 Suppl A():53-54
The aim of the study is to evaluate the stemness gene expression of cultured human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) in serial passages. HAECs obtained from human term placentae were cultured in F12:DMEM(1:1) + 10% FBS +10ng/ml EGF in serial passages (P0, P1, P2 and P4). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess the gene expression analysis. The results showed that cultured HAECs expressed and downregulated the stemness genes expression for Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog3, FGF4, Rex-1, FZD-9, BST-1 ABCG2. However, vimentin and nestin gene expression were upregulated. The results suggested that cultured HAECs may have pluripotent and multipotent properties.
7.Upregulation of SOX-2, FZD9, Nestin, OCT-4 and FGF-4 expression in human chorion derived-stem cells after angiogenic induction.
Abdul Rahman H ; Manzor NF ; Tan GC ; Tan AE ; Chua KH
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2008;63 Suppl A():57-58
Angiogenic induction was made to promote angiogenesis by differentiating stem cells towards endothelial cells. However, the stemness property of induced cells has not been revealed yet. Hence, we aim to evaluate the differential mRNA expression of stemness genes in human chorion-derived stem cells (CDSC) after being cultured in EDM50 comprised bFGF and VEGF. Results indicated that CDSC cultured in EMD50 expressed significantly higher mRNA level of Sox-2, FZD9, BST-1 and Nestin. In addition Oct-4, FGF-4 and ABCG-2 were also upregulated. Our finding suggested that CDSC after angiogenic induction enhanced its stem cell properties. This could be contributed for the mechanism of stem cell therapy in ischemic problem.
9.Environmental and Occupational Health Impact of Bauxite Mining in Malaysia: A Review
Lee KYa, Ho LY ; Tan KH ; Tham YY ; Ling SP ; Qureshi AM ; Ponnudurai T ; Nordin R ; Jeffrey Cheah
The International Medical Journal Malaysia 2017;16(2):137-150
In the perspective of recent bauxite mining in Malaysia, this review aims to identify the potential
environmental and health impacts on miners and surrounding communities. The environmental issues of
bauxite mining include, air, water and soil pollution due to bauxite dust; leaching of bauxite into water
sources resulting in reduced soil fertility as well as affecting agricultural food products and aquatic life.
Bauxite occupational exposure affects the health of miners, and has negative consequences on the health of
surrounding communities, such as increased respiratory symptoms, contamination of drinking water, other
potential health risks from ingestion of bauxite and heavy metals, including noise-induced hearing loss and
mental stress. This review discusses the processes of bauxite mining, its constituents and residual trace
elements, and their impact on the environment and health of exposed workers and communities. It also
explores the Malaysian legal requirements and standards of occupational exposure to bauxite.
10.Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking and Accuracy of Self-Reporting in Pregnant Women at a Public Hospital for Women and Children.
Pamela Yf TAN ; Vasuki UTRAVATHY ; Lin Yoke HO ; Soo Geok FOO ; Kelvin Kh TAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2016;45(5):184-190
INTRODUCTIONDenial of smoking status by pregnant women presents a missed opportunity for referral to smoking cessation programmes that are shown to be effective in helping them quit smoking.
MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to detect the true prevalence of active smoking pregnant patients and the accuracy of self-reporting, investigate the sociodemographic risk factors and test the knowledge of pregnant patients on adverse effects of smoking. This involved 972 antenatal patients of a maternity hospital where participants completed a sociodemographic data survey and answered a knowledge questionnaire. Urine cotinine testing was carried out after informed consent.
RESULTSThe prevalence of active smokers was 5.2% (n = 50) with 3% (n = 29) being light smokers and 2.2% (n = 21) being heavy smokers. This was significantly higher than self-reported active smoking status of 3.7% (n = 36; P = 0.02). The Malay race, being aged less than 20 years and not having tertiary level qualifications independently increased the likelihood of being an active smoker. Knowledge of the adverse effects of smoking was generally good with a mean total score of 8.18 out of 10 but there were differences amongst the non-smokers, passive smokers, light smokers and active smokers (P = 0.012).
CONCLUSIONWhile the prevalence of active smoking among pregnant women is low in Singapore compared to other countries, this study substantiated the unreliability of self-reporting of smoking status in the pregnant population which could complicate referral to smoking cessation programmes. The lower awareness of the harms of smoking during pregnancy among smokers highlights a potential area for improvement.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cotinine ; urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnic Groups ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hospitals, Maternity ; Hospitals, Public ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Self Report ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; urine ; Young Adult