Male breast cancer (MBC), which constitutes only 1% of all breast cancer cases worldwide, is associated with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, Klinefelter’s syndrome and a positive family history of breast or ovarian malignancy. Patients with MBC typically present with a palpable subareolar mass, with or without nipple involvement. MBC can be identified by mammography and/or ultrasonography. The definitive diagnosis is made through core needle biopsy and cytology. Breast cancer in men are typically low-grade, and usually estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive. The surgical treatment of choice is usually a modified radical mastectomy. Hormone therapy, can be used as first-line treatment for hormone-receptor positive MBC, and as adjuvant or palliative therapy for advanced cases. The use of adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy has been shown to reduce cancer recurrence and improve overall survival. We present the case of a 51-year-old male who came in due to an enlarging right breast mass that had been removed twice in the past eight years. We were able to establish that the patient had MBC, for which he subsequently underwent a modified radical mastectomy
Klinefelter Syndrome ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Tamoxifen x

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication of long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A 55-year old male presented with abdominal pain and a turbid dialysate. He had been maintained on CAPD for 52 months without signs of ultrafiltration failure and had two previous episodes of peritonitis. We removed the peritoneal catheter because of refractoriness to intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy. Immediately after the removal of the peritoneal catheter, he presented with a palpable abdominal mass. An abdominal CT showed loculated fluid collection, enhancement/thickening of peritoneum and tethering of the small bowel. We started total parenteral nutrition, and corticosteroid and tamoxifen therapy. He complained of persistent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, despite the therapy. Unexpectedly, om the 10th day after the therapy he died of septic shock as a result of a small intestinal perforation. We report a case of EPS presenting with a fulminant clinical course associated with small intestinal perforation.
Abdominal Pain ; Catheters ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Peritoneal Fibrosis* ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis ; Shock, Septic ; Tamoxifen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrafiltration ; Vomiting

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare inflammatory disease of the bowel mesentery. It produces tumor-like masses of the mesentery composed of varying degrees of fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and fat necrosis. It has been described variously as fibrosing mesenteritis, retractile mesenteritis, mesenteric Weber Christian disease, and systemic nodular panniculitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are as yet unknown, but autoimmune disorder, previous abdominal surgery, trauma, and ischemia could play a role. The clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Occasionally, patients with this condition may present with bowel obstruction. Rarely, It can be associated with other idiopathic inflammatory disorders such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and orbital pseudotumors. We report a case of idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis with retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 58-year-old man.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panniculitis, Peritoneal/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of xy2004, a centchroman derivative, on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and the mechanisms.

METHODSThe effects of xy2004 on MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins were examined with Western blotting. Competitive estrogen-receptor binding assay was used to investigate the affinity of xy2004 to estrogen receptors (ER).

RESULTSxy2004 induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells at low concentrations but inhibited cell proliferation at high concentrations. The application of tamoxifen inhibited xy2004-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The relative binding affinity of xy9906 to ERα and ERβ, presented as the IC50 value, was 7.38 × 10⁻³ mol/L and 4.12 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with high-concentration xy2004 reduced the cellular expression of Bcl-2 protein and increased Bax protein expression.

CONCLUSIONAt low concentrations, xy2004 directly stimulates the proliferation of MCF -7 cells through ligand-receptor binding, and at high concentrations, it inhibits the cell proliferation by regulating the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins.

Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Centchroman ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; metabolism ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

No abstract available.
Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/secondary ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Interferons/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/secondary ; Male ; Melanoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; S100 Proteins/metabolism ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an often-fatal complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). We here report the clinical features of EPS in Korean PD patients from a single university center. METHODS: The data were collected retrospectively from 606 PD patients at Kyungpook National University Hospital, between August 2001 and August 2011. The diagnosis of EPS was based on clinical signs and symptoms, and confirmed by radiological findings. RESULTS: Eight patients (1.3%, four males) were diagnosed with EPS. The mean age of the patients was 48.5 years (range, 33 to 65). The mean duration of PD was 111.8 months (range, 23 to 186). All patients except for one had three or more episodes of peritonitis. Seven patients were diagnosed with EPS after stopping PD, and only one stayed on PD after initial diagnosis and treatment. Total parenteral nutrition and corticosteroids, in addition to tamoxifen therapy, were used to treat most of the patients, and one patient underwent surgery (adhesiolysis). The overall mortality rate was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: EPS is a serious, life-threatening complication in patients on long-term PD. To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of EPS, careful monitoring and early diagnosis is needed.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; *Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Peritoneal Dialysis/*adverse effects/mortality ; *Peritoneal Fibrosis/diagnosis/etiology/mortality/therapy ; *Peritonitis/diagnosis/etiology/mortality/therapy ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome