In order to examine the attitudes of third-year dental students towards oriental medicine before and after lecture courses, and compare their attitudes with those of medical students, self-administered questionnaires were given to Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry students (DS), and Kinki University School of Medicine students (MS). Pre-course,105 DS and 68 MS provided valid answers, while 104 DS provided valid answers post-course. Pre-course, 80.9% of DS thought oriental medicine would be important in the future, and 72.4% wanted to learn it. Also pre-course, 7.6% of DS had knowledge of oriental medicine, 55.2% were interested in oriental medicine, and 54.3% wanted to introduce oriental medicine into their clinical practice in the future. These last percentages increased after the lecture courses to 50.0%, 76.9% and 77.9%, respectively. With pre-course MS, on the other hand : 64.7% were interested in oriental medicine ; 58.8% thought it would be important in the future ; 51.5% wanted to introduce it in their clinical practice ; and 70.6% wanted to learn it.These results show that both dental and medical students had similar attitudes toward oriental medicine, and that dental students need an oriental medicine education equivalent to that of medical students.

Although there are many treatment methods for proteinuria in renal transplanted patients, none have been found to be definitively effective.
We examined the clinical effects of the administration of Sairei-to on 11 renal transplanted patients with proteinuria. Clinical evaluation was carried out over six months of administration. The patients were divided into the chronic rejection group, consisting of four patients, and the non-chronic rejection group. Although no improvement was seen in the chronic rejection group, three out of seven patients in the non-chronic rejection group showed improvement in proteinuria, and one exhibited improved kidney function. In one of the improved proteinuria cases, a reduction in nephrotoxicity of the immunosuppressor FK506 was suggested.
According to these results, Sairei-to may be effective in the treatment of proteinuria in renal transplanted patients without chronic rejection.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development, its main functions are self-renewing capacity, chemoresistance and tumorigenic capacity. The aim of this study is to clarify the possible role of Shh signaling in regulation of CSCs. METHODS: Normal cancer cells (HCT-116) were cultured with serum medium and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) were obtained from serum-free medium after incubation for 14 days. After cell culturing was done RNA extraction and cDNA transcription of NCs and CSCs (HCT-116). The expressions mRNA of surface markers (CD44, EpCAM), stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog), Shh signaling (Ptch1, SMO), and shh pathway downstream gene (Gli1), EMT markers (E-Cadherin, Vimentin) and TJ genes (Claudin-4, Occludin) were determined by real time RT-PCR before and after administration of cyclopamine (2, 5 μM). RESULTS: The expressions of surface markers (CD44, EpCAM) and stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog) were significantly highly expressed in CSCs. Shh signaling pathway Ptch1, SMO and downstream gene Gli1 were significantly higher in CSCs than in NCs. Epithelial marker E-Cadherin was reduced in CSCs, mesenchymal marker Vimentin was up-regulated in CSCs. The expressions of Claudin-4 and Occludin were significantly higher in CSCs compared with NCs. SMO, Gli1 and Vimnetin were significantly inhibited after administration of cyclopamine (2, 5μM), but E-Cadherin was up-regulated in CSCs. Tight junction proteins were significantly inhibited by cyclopamine (2, 5μM). Although CD-44, Oct-4 and Nanog were inhibited in CSCs after administration of cyclopamine, these alterations were statistically significant in different genes respectively, but EpCAM was not inhibited. CONCLUSION: EMT, TJ and CSCs markers were affected by Shh signaling pathway in CSCs. Shh signaling pathway may play in an important role of regulation of CSCs.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development, its main functions are self-renewing capacity, chemoresistance and tumorigeniccapacity. The aim of this study is to clarify the possible role of Shh signaling in regulation of CSCs.METHODS:Normal cancer cells (HCT-116) were cultured with serum medium and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) were obtained from serum-free medium after incubation for14 days. After cell culturing was done RNA extraction and cDNA transcription of NCs and CSCs (HCT-116). The expressions mRNA of surface markers (CD44,EpCAM), stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog), Shh signaling (Ptch1, SMO), and shh pathway downstream gene (Gli1), EMT markers (E-Cadherin, Vimentin) and TJgenes (Claudin-4, Occludin) were determined by real time RT-PCR before and after administration of cyclopamine (2, 5 μM).RESULTS:The expressions of surface markers (CD44, EpCAM) and stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog) were significantly highly expressed in CSCs. Shh signaling pathwayPtch1, SMO and downstream gene Gli1 were significantly higher in CSCs than in NCs. Epithelial marker E-Cadherin was reduced in CSCs, mesenchymal markerVimentin was up-regulated in CSCs. The expressions of Claudin-4 and Occludin were significantly higher in CSCs compared with NCs. SMO, Gli1 and Vimnetin were significantly inhibited after administration of cyclopamine (2, 5μM), but E-Cadherin was up-regulated in CSCs. Tight junction proteins were significantly inhibited by cyclopamine (2, 5μM). Although CD-44, Oct-4 and Nanog were inhibited in CSCs after administration of cyclopamine, these alterations were statistically significant in different genes respectively, but EpCAM was not inhibited.CONCLUSION:EMT, TJ and CSCs markers were affected by Shh signaling pathway in CSCs. Shh signaling pathway may play in an important role of regulation of CSCs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of feeding Okara fermented by Bacillus coagulans on cecum microflora in rat. Method: Three groups of SD rat of 8 weeks old were used in the experiment. The experimental animals were fed control diet, 2% okara diet, 2% fermented okara diet in each group for two weeks. The experimental diet and water were provided ad libitum. Food intake was measured every day. After 24 hours fast, we performed drawing blood with heparin after the experimental period. After drawing blood, several organs were removed for measuring their weight. In addition, we removed cecum after drawing blood about each three groups and studied their microflora. We also measured about plasma albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, and cytokine level. Result: Bifidobacteria of cecum and blood IFN-g levels significantly increased in the fermented okara group. The total cholesterol level in blood significantly decreased. Conclusion: Okara fermented by Bacillus coagulans had an influence on not only intestinal microflora but also the immune system in rat, suggesting that the fermented okara can expect development as functional materials.