To enhance physical function of intermediate-frequency treatment instrument, separate treatment and pain threshold, and overcome adaptability to body, we analyzed FNS&SCS (fastigial nucleus stimulation and spinal cord stimulation) modules, and designed a kind of intermediate-frequency exponential pulse stimulation wave with amplitude modulated by random signal based on spectrum analysis and autocorrelation analysis. This wave can separate treatment and pain thresholds, and overcome the adaptability to body effectively.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies,and the main unsolved obstacles,which we must figure out,are the early detection and diagnosis,and the improvement in treatments.The ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA) hypothesis provides significant clues and a novel direction for understanding the mechanisms of tumor occurrence and progression,microRNAs and lncRNAs (long non coding RNAs,lncRNAs) are important components in ceRNA hypothesis.Researches have discovered that both overexpression and silence of miRNAs and abnormal expression of some lncRNAs are related to the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer.This paper reviewed the contents and mechanisms of ceRNA hypothesis,members of ceRNA network as well as the role of ceRNAs in pancreatic neoplasms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human pancreatic cancer xenograft in nude mice.MethodsThe animal model of human pancreatic cancer was produced by injecting human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990 into the dorsum of nude mice. After photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivatives(HpD) was injected, the 632.8?nm He Ne laser was used to irradiate the tumor. The tumor′s volume was measured and factor Ⅷ was used for the immunohistochemical staining of the vessel change.ResultsThe tumor growth rate significantly decreased after PDT. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant vessel endothelial cell injury by PDT.ConclusionsPDT has a therapeutic effect on grafted pancreatic cancer possibly by incurring vascular injury.

Gemcitabine has become a first-line chemotherapeutic durg.Unfortunately,many patients fail to derive benefits from gemcitabine in clinics.The variability of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)expression in tumor cells,which plays a dominant role in the transport of gemcitabine across the cell membrane,may be one of the reason for gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Drug resistance is major obstacles in the successful treatment of malignant solid tumors. Multiple mechanisms involeve in development of cancer drug resistance. Recent research suggests dysregulation of microRNAs is associated with cancer drug resistance. The profiles of microRNAs in drug resistance cancer cells or tissues are different with sensitivity cells or tissues in various solid tumors. Restoring microRNAs could improve chemosensitivity of cancer cells. MicroRNAs expression profiles may provide a critical link for understanding mechanisms involved in chemoresistance. We can also find a specific marker for screening chemosensitivity patients through identification of the microRNAs patterns of drug resistance cells or tissues.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN) of the pancreas and identify potential preoperative factors predicting invasiveness of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Methods From September 2003 to July 2010,27 patients underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN. All cases were divided into invasive and noninvasive groups. Preoperative medical records were reviewed retrospectively between the two groups. Results Pathological results revealed 15 cases of invasive IPMN and 12 noninvasive cases. The incidence of obstructive jaundice, tumor size and serum total bilirubin values were significantly different between the two groups. The other factors including sex ratio, age, incidence of abdominal pain or back pain, diarrhea, weight loss, new onset diabetes, serum CEA, CA19-9 values showed no statistical difference. Conclusion Serum total bilirubin≥22.2μmol/L and tumor size≥3 cm could be predicting factors of invasive IPMN.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and its prognosis is poor. The key factors for cure and prolonged survival are early detection, adequate evaluation of resectability and surgical resection with microscopic tumor clearance. Surgeons should pay attention to standardize operative procedures to increase the R0 resection rate. Whipple specimens should be inked and examined carefully. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are beneficial in the prevention of local tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Inter-disciplinary cooperation and multimodality treatment are helpful to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with pancreatic cancer.

claudin protein is the major component of tight junctions complex between cells,which plays an important role in cells junction and adhesion. Its specific expression in different tissues directly affects the biological behavior of tumor cells. In pancreatic tumors, the claudin's expression provides an important refer-ence for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In addition, claudin are involved in the proliferation and ap-optosis of tumor cells. In the treatment of tumors, claudin-mediated targeting therapy has great prospects forthe same.

Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant with a poor prognosis. The resectability and prognosis of early pancreatic cancer are much better than the advanced, so early diagnosis is crucial for saving patients' lives. Because the symptoms of pancreatic cancer are non-specific, most of the patients are misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary diseases. Early diagnosis rate of pancreatic cancer can be greatly improved by combined application of tumor marker detection, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomo-graphy, and etc. Early screening of high-risk population has been advocated by the experts, and its value in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer has been confirmed by relevant studies. The colaboration of multiple pancreatic surgery centers in conducting prospective studies and setting gnidlines for the pancreatic cancer diagnosis, and relevant fundamental reseaches should also be emphasized.

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal Castleman disease.Methods The clinical data of 17 patients with abdominal Castleman disease who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analysed. Eleven patients had no symptoms, two had an abdominal mass, two had oral ulcers and rash, one had edema and was short of breath and one had dull pain in the upper abdomen and vomiting. Two patients were examined by X-ray, 17 by ultrasound, and 13 by computed tomography(CT). Results Four patients were diagnosed with abdominal Castleman disease by CT preoperatively, and the remaining 13 patients were not conclusively diagnosed. Localized lesions of 14 patients were completely resected,and three patients with multicentric lessions received partial resection or biopsy. The diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by histopathological examination. The expression of CD3, CD20, CD21 and CD34 of 14 patients with hyaline-vascular type was positive, and the expression of CD3, CD68 and PCNA of three patients with plasma-cell type was positive. One patients was lost of follow up, and the remaining 16 patients were followed up for 3-12 months, and neither metastasis nor recurrence was observed. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of abdominal Castleman disease are nonspecific, and therefore, it is difficult to acquire a definite diagnosis before operation. Early complete resection should be applied to patients with localized Castleman disease, while for patients with multicentric Castleman disease, postoperative chemotherapy is necessary for a good prognosis.